Regionalism in GDR-Modernism of the 1960s and 1970s

The widespread narrative that all GDR-Metropolises were overwritten by a soul- and faceless socialist variant of post-war modernism must be questioned at least regarding some cities. Although whole streets were torn down in the 1960s and 1970s and history was only partially appreciated, there can be found a series of modernist buildings respecting local traditions. Thus, regionalisms express themselves in traditional building materials – in the early 1960s most prominently in the Northeastern City of Rostock, whose brick-faced postwar buildings in the centre were recently categorized as ‘Nordmoderne’ (‘northern modernism’). In the late 1960s and early 1970s, meanwhile, attempts have been made in Potsdam to adapt new modern structures to existing baroque and classicist buildings by materials, facade colours or vertical subdivisions of facades – in order to merge new and old buildings into a ‘harmonic’ unity. Regarding the development of modernism in East Germany, the regionalisms mentioned above seem to have different roots. As the Haus der Schiffahrt in Rostock’s Lange Straße could be explained as late successor of the 1950s Stalinist doctrin of the ‘National Tradition’, buildings such as the Institut für Lehrerbildung or Staudenhof in Potsdam seem to be efforts to avoid increasing monotony of east-modern architecture.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Atrocities and Confrontational Tension

This paper presents an analysis of video-recordings and other micro-level data of the 1995 Srebrenica massacre in Bosnia-and-Herzegovina. It focuses on the sequential unfolding of micro-interactions and emotional dynamics before, and over the course of the atrocity. The paper argues that massacres have a pattern of situational emergence: local emotional dynamics are crucial to explain where and when atrocities do or do not come off and what form they take on the micro-level. It is shown that (1) micro-interactions constitute situational turning-points, towards or away from atrocities and that (2) local emotional dynamics shape the internal structure of atrocities, i.e. their internal dynamics of killings. The analysis is based on recent advances in the micro-sociology of violence by Collins, Katz, and Grossman, as well as Ekman's research tools for identifying emotional cues in micro-data

Homogenization methods for multi-phase elastic composites: Comparisons and benchmarks

Usually homogenization methods are investigated regarding the volume fraction of the inclusion. In this paper classical homogenization methods are recalled and compared on the basis of the contrast in the elastic properties of the constituents. This has a significant influence on the accuracy of the homogenization method. In addition two relatively new approaches, the ESCS and IDD method, are introduced and compared to more standard homogenization approaches. The analysis of these methods shows that the IDD method is an improvement due to its simple but universally applicable structure. A number of comparisons of these and other analytical approaches are carried out with the corresponding finite element results

Empowering materials processing and performance from data and AI

[No abstract available

Application of homogenization methods and crystal plasticity to the modeling of heterogeneous materials of technological interest

In the first part of this work homogenization methods in the context of linear elasticity are considered. Classical homogenization methods are compared on the basis of the contrast in the elastic properties of the constituents for spherical inclusion. It is shown that this has a significant influence on the accuracy of the homogenization methods. In the following three strategies for dealing with irregular shaped inclusions in the context of homogenization methods are investigated, namely homogenization methods using an analytical description for the Eshelby tensor, the Mori-Tanaka method with replacement tensor approach (RMTM) and the direct discretization of a real microstructure. The study shows that the RMTM method is very good agreement with FE-results whereas the analytical description did not predict the correct behavior for all shapes. For a real microstructure the direct discretization is the best strategy. In the second part a homogenization method for the material behavior of two-phase composites characterized by a thin-layer-type microstructure is introduced. The basic idea here is to idealize the thin-layered microstructure as a first-order laminate. Comparison of the method with existing homogenization schemes as well as with the reference finite-element model for idealized composites demonstrates the advantage of the current approach for such microstructures. Further a first extension to a variable interface orientation is given. The third and fourth part deal with the application of a crystal plasticity material model to a thin sheet metal specimen with large grains subjected to a tensile test. To this end an explicit finite-element-, crystal-plasticity-based model is developed for each grain, the grain morphology, and the thin sheet specimen as a whole. In particular, the crystal plasticity model is rate-dependent and accounts for (local) dissipative hardening effects. The predictions of the model are compared with experimental results of Henning and Vehoff (2005) for the deformation behavior of thin sheets of Fe-3%Si loaded incrementally in tension as well as for further properties like the orientation gradient. To this end attention is restricted to the two slip families f110g and f112g. At the beginning all hardening is neglected. Even for this oversimplified case a good correlation with the experimental results is obtained. Even better agreement is obtained with experiment when hardening is included. Results for GNDs, OGM and local orientation changes are investigated and discussed. The last part of this work deals with the characterization and parameter identification of single constituents in thermal sprayed coatings as well as for whole coatings. Based on results in nanoindentation tests the Youngs modulus as well as further mechanical properties are identified for each constituent. A general procedure is presented to predict the effective mechanical properties based on the microstructure, porosity, chemical composition and properties of the coating after thermal spraying.Im ersten Kapitel der Arbeit werden Homogenisierungsmethoden im Kontext linearer Elastizit ät betrachtet. Klassische Homogenisierungsmethoden werden untersucht und für sphärische Einschlüsse in Hinblick auf den Unterschied in den elastischen Eigenschaften der einzelnen Materialphasen verglichen. Es wird gezeigt, dass dieser einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf die Genauigkeit der Homogenisierungsmethoden hat. Im Folgenden werden drei Strategien für den Einsatz von Homogenisierungsmethoden für nicht-ellipsoide Einschlüsse diskutiert und untersucht. Zum Einen wird eine analytische Vorgehensweise für die Ermittlung des Eshelby- Tensors, zum Zweiten die Mori-Tanaka Methode mit einem Ersatztensoransatz (RMTM) und zum Schluss eine direkte Diskretisierung anhand der realen Mikrostruktur diskutiert. Die Studie zeigte, dass die RMTM die beste Vorhersage gegenüber den FE-Resultaten liefert. Die analytische Vorgehensweise lieferte für einige Einschlusstypen nicht sehr brauchbare Ergebnisse. Für eine reale Mikrostruktur ist die direkte Diskretisierung als beste Strategie anzusehen. Im zweiten Kapitel der Arbeit wird eine Homogenisierungsmethode für einen zweiphasigen Verbundwerkstoff vorgestellt, welcher durch eine dünne schichtartige Mikrostruktur gekennzeichnet ist. Die grundsätzliche Idee ist die Idealisierung dieser Mikrostruktur mittels erster- Ordnung Laminate. Vergleiche mit existierenden Homogenisierungsmethoden sowie einem RVE für solche Mikrostrukturen zeigen die Vorteile der vorgestellten Modellierung. DesWeiteren ist eine erste Erweiterung für variable Interfacerichtungen gegeben. Das dritte und vierte Kapitel dieser Arbeit behandeln die Anwendung eines Kristallplastizit ätsmodells auf einen Zugversuch von dünnen Blechproben mit großen Körnern. Zu diesem Zweck ist ein explizites Finite-Element-Modell, basierend auf Kristallplastizität, entwickelt worden. Im Besonderen, ist das Kristallplastizitätsmodell dehnratenabhängig und berücksichtigt lokale dissipative Verfestigungsaspekte. Die Simulationsergebnisse werden mit experimentellen Ergebnissen von Henning und Vehoff (2005) bzgl. des Deformationsverhaltens von Blechen aus Fe-3%Si, welche durch inkrementellen Zug belastet worden sind, verglichen. Hierbei werden nur die zwei Gleitsystemfamilien f110g und f112g betrachtet. Zu Beginn wird keine Verfestigung beru¨cksichtigt. Schon fu¨r diesen vereinfachten Fall wird eine gute Übereinstimmung mit den experimentellen Ergebnissen bzgl. des Deformationsverhaltens erzielt. Eine noch bessere Übereinstimmung zeigen die Resultate mit aktiver Verfestigung. Ergebnisse bzgl. geometrisch notwendiger Versetzungen, dem Orientierungsgradienten sowie lokalen Orientierungsänderungen werden untersucht und diskutiert. Das letzte Kapitel der Arbeit behandelt die Charakterisierung und Parameteridentifikation von einzelnen Materialbestandteilen in thermisch gespritzten Schichten. Basierend auf den Ergebnissen aus Nanoindentation werden der E-Modul sowie weitere Materialeigenschaften für jeden Bestandteil identifiziert. Eine Methode, die effektiven Eigenschaften der Beschichtung, basierend auf ihrer Mikrostruktur, Porosität und chemischer Zusammensetzung zu ermitteln, wird vorgestellt

Schlussbericht gemäß Nr. 8.2 NKBF 98

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Preseason Functional Movement Screen Component Tests Predict Severe Contact Injuries in Professional Rugby Union Players.

Tee, JC, Klingbiel, JFG, Collins, R, Lambert, MI, and Coopoo, Y. Preseason Functional Movement Screen component tests predict severe contact injuries in professional rugby union players. J Strength Cond Res 30(11): 3194-3203, 2016-Rugby union is a collision sport with a relatively high risk of injury. The ability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) or its component tests to predict the occurrence of severe (≥28 days) injuries in professional players was assessed. Ninety FMS test observations from 62 players across 4 different time periods were compared with severe injuries sustained during 6 months after FMS testing. Mean composite FMS scores were significantly lower in players who sustained severe injury (injured 13.2 ± 1.5 vs. noninjured 14.5 ± 1.4, Effect Size = 0.83, large) because of differences in in-line lunge (ILL) and active straight leg raise scores (ASLR). Receiver-operated characteristic curves and 2 × 2 contingency tables were used to determine that ASLR (cut-off 2/3) was the injury predictor with the greatest sensitivity (0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.79-1.0). Adding the ILL in combination with ASLR (ILL + ASLR) improved the specificity of the injury prediction model (ASLR specificity = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.18-0.43 vs. ASLR + ILL specificity = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.39-0.66, p ≤ 0.05). Further analysis was performed to determine whether FMS tests could predict contact and noncontact injuries. The FMS composite score and various combinations of component tests (deep squat [DS] + ILL, ILL + ASLR, and DS + ILL + ASLR) were all significant predictors of contact injury. The FMS composite score also predicted noncontact injury, but no component test or combination thereof produced a similar result. These findings indicate that low scores on various FMS component tests are risk factors for injury in professional rugby players

Der pädagogisch Andere: Adressat einer Inklusion im Handlungssystem des lebenslangen Lernens? Erziehungswissenschaftliche Notiz zu Rudolf Stichwehs Inklusionsbegriff

Der Beitrag plädiert für einen erziehungswissenschaftlichen Umgang mit der Kategorie „Inklusion“, der eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit den grundlagentheoretischen Vorgaben aus der Soziologie nicht scheut, die Impulse aus dieser Bezugsdisziplin aber auch nicht gänzlich ignoriert. Mit Blick auf zwei Protagonisten aus der Soziologie, Rudolf Stichweh (dieser wählt den Schüler zur Klientel) und Niklas Luhmann (dieser lässt die Publikumsrolle unbestimmt), wird die Frage nach der Komplementärrolle im Erziehungssystem aufgeworfen, die mit den Angehörigen der pädagogischen Fachkräfte das Arbeitsbündnis bildet. Dabei schlagen die Autoren vor, alle Beteiligungsformen an organisierter Erziehung und Bildung mittels des Konzepts des pädagogischen Anderen zu bündeln. Abstract The article argues in favour of a pedagogical approach to the category of ‘inclusion’ that does not shy away from a critical examination of the basic theoretical guidelines from sociology, but also does not completely ignore the impulses from this reference discipline. With a view to two protagonists from sociology, Rudolf Stichweh (who chooses the pupil as the clientele) and Niklas Luhmann (who leaves the audience role undefined), the question of the complementary role in the educational system is raised, which forms the working alliance with the members of the educational professionals. The authors propose bundling all forms of participation in organised education by means of the concept of the pedagogical other