Water-induced degradation in lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramics

2001-2002 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe

Relevansi Hak Ijbar Wali Nikah ( Study Pemikiran Wahbah Az-Zuhaili Dalam Fiqih Islam Wa Adillatuhu) Dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI)

In the anthropological perspective of Islamic law, which has a greater portion in the creation of law and the sustainability of the existence of law, it also has a contradictory perspective on the sustainability of the provisions of the guardian's ijbar rights. The values, norms and culture of today's society have given more position to women's determination. This means that the existence and role of women is now very much needed. Thus, the provisions of the right of ijbar that provide restraint to women are very contrary to the values, norms, and culture that exist in today's society. As a result, the right of ijbar cannot be accepted by various layers of society. The researcher chooses the type of research. In this library research, the researcher uses a qualitative library research approach. With data sources that include: primary data consists of Islamic Fiqh and the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI). While secondary data in the form of, Islamic Marriage Law and others. Furthermore, the data that has been collected is analyzed by means of content analysis. Based on the research results are: (1). According to the thought of Wahbah az azuhaili, the right of ijbar or wali mujbir is assigned to a young girl even though she is a widow. the marriage of a woman who has reached puberty and is wise. He has the right to marry himself. While Jumhur is of the opinion that the one who marries her is her guardian. While the person who can force at this time is the father and the person he willed. does not have the right to force the marriage of virgins, minors, and insane persons other than the master, father, and other guardian whom he willed. (2). In the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) a guardian may not force his child's will to marry, in other words if a guardian wants to marry off his child there must be the willingness or permission of the bride and groom. This is mentioned in the Second Part of the Compilation of Islamic Law on Prospective Bride and Groom

TRADISI PEMBIAYAAN WALIMATUL ‘URS OLEH PIHAK MEMPELAI WANITA DI DESA JOMBANG KECAMATAN JOMBANG KABUPATEN JEMBER

Hampir setiap pelaksanaan walimatul ‘urs tidak lepas dari persoalan pembiayaan. Hadits dan mayoritas ulama sepakat bahwa yang bertanggungjawab atas walimatul ‘urs adalah mempelai pria. Namun faktanya, teori Islam berbeda dengan kebiasaan masyarakat. Banyak masyarakat Desa Jombang yang membebankan pembiayaan walimatul ‘urs kepada pihak mempelai wanita, baik itu dalam jumlah sedikit, sebagian, bahkan keseluruhan.  Tradisi pembiayaan walimatul ‘urs oleh pihak orang tua atau wali mempelai wanita terbukti umum terjadi di masyarakat di Desa Jombang. Mereka beranggapan bahwa yang memiliki hajat adalah orang tua atau wali mempelai wanita, sebab acara walimah biasanya berada di kediaman mempelai wanita. Masyarakat juga menerima tradisi tersebut tanpa adanya perselisihan; (2) Tradisi pembiayaan walimah oleh pihak mempelai wanita merupakan ‘urf shohih yang dapat dijadikan sebagai dasar hukum, serta tidak bertentangan dengan syariat. Maka dari itu tidak ada salahnya jika orang tua, wali, atau nahkan mempelai wanita itu sendiri turut membiayai walimatul ‘urs

Konsep Kafa’ah Dalam Hukum Islam (Studi Komparasi Pemikiran Antara Imam Syafi’i Dalam Kitab Al - Umm Dan Imam Ibnu Hazm Dalam Kitab Al-Muhalla)

Kafa'ah is balance, harmony, and harmony, or equality. Equality here refers to the piety of someone who eliminates distinctions, not about caste equality, let alone wealth equality. Because if kafa'ah is defined as equality in terms of wealth, or nobility, it will mean the formation of caste, whereas in Islam there is no justification for caste, because humans on the side of Allah SWT are all the same. Only piety makes the difference. Kafa'ah in marriage is a factor that encourages the creation of husband and wife happiness, and ensures the safety of women from failure or shock in the household. In determining kafa'ah, Imam Shafi'i and Ibn Hazm have different opinions, Imam Shafi'i argues that kafa'ah is a requirement in the usual marriage, not a condition for the validity of marriage. Meanwhile, Ibn Hazm absolutely rejected the existence of kafa'ah. The results of this study indicate that (1) the concept of kafa'ah according to Imam Syafi'i is to equalize the position of the prospective groom and prospective bride. In determining the size of sekufu' it is not just faith but lies in religion, lineage, status of independence, occupation, and the absence of defects that allow kyiar. While the concept of kafa'ah according to Imam Ibn Hazm kafa'ah does not exist in Islam, because Muslims are equal in position, brothers to one another. (2) The concept of kafa'ah between Imam Shafi'i and Ibn azm has similarities and differences. In matters of religion as a criterion for kafa'ah they both use it, it's just that the application is different

Novel facultative Methylocella strains are active methane consumers at terrestrial natural gas seeps

Natural gas seeps contribute to global climate change by releasing substantial amounts of the potent greenhouse gas methane and other climate-active gases including ethane and propane to the atmosphere. However, methanotrophs, bacteria capable of utilising methane as the sole source of carbon and energy, play a significant role in reducing the emissions of methane from many environments. Methylocella-like facultative methanotrophs are a unique group of bacteria that grow on other components of natural gas (i.e. ethane and propane) in addition to methane but a little is known about the distribution and activity of Methylocella in the environment. The purposes of this study were to identify bacteria involved in cycling methane emitted from natural gas seeps and, most importantly, to investigate if Methylocella-like facultative methanotrophs were active utilisers of natural gas at seep sites

Combining regenerative medicine strategies to provide durable reconstructive options: auricular cartilage tissue engineering

Recent advances in regenerative medicine place us in a unique position to improve the quality of engineered tissue. We use auricular cartilage as an exemplar to illustrate how the use of tissue-specific adult stem cells, assembly through additive manufacturing and improved understanding of postnatal tissue maturation will allow us to more accurately replicate native tissue anisotropy. This review highlights the limitations of autologous auricular reconstruction, including donor site morbidity, technical considerations and long-term complications. Current tissue-engineered auricular constructs implanted into immune-competent animal models have been observed to undergo inflammation, fibrosis, foreign body reaction, calcification and degradation. Combining biomimetic regenerative medicine strategies will allow us to improve tissue-engineered auricular cartilage with respect to biochemical composition and functionality, as well as microstructural organization and overall shape. Creating functional and durable tissue has the potential to shift the paradigm in reconstructive surgery by obviating the need for donor sites

Ventricular conduction stability noninvasively identifies an arrhythmic substrate in survivors of idiopathic ventricular fibrillation

Background Idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (VF) is a diagnosis of exclusion following normal cardiac investigations. We sought to determine if exercise-induced changes in electrical substrate could distinguish patient groups with various ventricular arrhythmic pathophysiological conditions and identify patients susceptible to VF. Methods and Results Computed tomography and exercise testing in patients wearing a 252-electrode vest were combined to determine ventricular conduction stability between rest and peak exercise, as previously described. Using ventricular conduction stability, conduction heterogeneity in idiopathic VF survivors (n=14) was compared with those surviving VF during acute ischemia with preserved ventricular function following full revascularization (n=10), patients with benign ventricular ectopy (n=11), and patients with normal hearts, no arrhythmic history, and negative Ajmaline challenge during Brugada family screening (Brugada syndrome relatives; n=11). Activation patterns in normal subjects (Brugada syndrome relatives) are preserved following exercise, with mean ventricular conduction stability of 99.2±0.9%. Increased heterogeneity of activation occurred in the idiopathic VF survivors (ventricular conduction stability: 96.9±2.3%) compared with the other groups combined (versus 98.8±1.6%; P=0.001). All groups demonstrated periodic variation in activation heterogeneity (frequency, 0.3-1 Hz), but magnitude was greater in idiopathic VF survivors than Brugada syndrome relatives or patients with ventricular ectopy (7.6±4.1%, 2.9±2.9%, and 2.8±1.2%, respectively). The cause of this periodicity is unknown and was not replicable by introducing exercise-induced noise at comparable frequencies. Conclusions In normal subjects, ventricular activation patterns change little with exercise. In contrast, patients with susceptibility to VF experience activation heterogeneity following exercise that requires further investigation as a testable manifestation of underlying myocardial abnormalities otherwise silent during routine testing

Trial on Refinement of Early stage non-small cell lung cancer. Adjuvant chemotherapy with pemetrexed and cisplatin versus vinorelbine and cisplatin: The TREAT protocol

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Adjuvant chemotherapy has been proven to be beneficial for patients with early stage non-small cell lung cancer. However, toxicity and insufficient dose delivery have been critical issues with the chemotherapy used. Doublet regimens with pemetrexed, a multi-target folate inhibitor, and platin show clear activity in non-small cell lung cancer and are well tolerated with low toxicity rates and excellent delivery.</p> <p>Methods/Design</p> <p>In this prospective, multi-center, open label randomized phase II study, patients with pathologically confirmed non-small cell lung cancer, stage IB, IIA, IIB, T3N1 will be randomized after complete tumor resection either to 4 cycles of the standard adjuvant vinorelbine and cisplatin regimen from the published phase III data, or to 4 cycles of pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 d1 and cisplatin 75 mg/m2 d1, q 3 weeks. Primary objective is to compare the clinical feasibility of these cisplatin doublets defined as non-occurrence of grade 4 neutropenia and/or thrombocytopenia > 7 days or bleeding, grade 3/4 febrile neutropenia and/or infection, grade 3/4 non-hematological toxicity, non-acceptance leading to premature withdrawal and no cancer or therapy related death. Secondary parameters are efficacy (time to relapse, overall survival) and drug delivery. Parameters of safety are hematologic and non-hematologic toxicity of both arms.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>The TREAT trial was designed to evaluate the clinical feasibility, i.e. rate of patients without dose limiting toxicities or premature treatment withdrawal or death of the combination of cisplatin and pemetrexed as well as the published phase III regimen of cisplatin and vinorelbine. Hypothesis of the study is that reduced toxicities might improve the feasibility of drug delivery, compliance and the convenience of treatment for the patient and perhaps survival.</p> <p>Trial Registration</p> <p>Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00349089</p

Factors influencing agreement between child self-report and parent proxy-reports on the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ 4.0 (PedsQL™) generic core scales

BACKGROUND: In situations where children are unable or unwilling to respond for themselves, measurement of quality of life (QOL) is often obtained by parent proxy-report. However the relationship between child self and parent proxy-reports has been shown to be poor in some circumstances. Additionally the most appropriate statistical method for comparing ratings between child and parent proxy-reports has not been clearly established. The objectives of this study were to assess the: 1) agreement between child and parent proxy-reports on an established child QOL measure (the PedsQL™) using two different statistical methods; 2) effect of chronological age and domain type on agreement between children's and parents' reports on the PedsQL™; 3) relationship between parents' own well-being and their ratings of their child's QOL. METHODS: One hundred and forty-nine healthy children (5.5 – 6.5, 6.5 – 7.5, and 7.5 – 8.5 years) completed the PedsQL™. One hundred and three of their parents completed these measures in relation to their child, and a measure of their own QOL (SF-36). RESULTS: Consistency between child and parent proxy-reports on the PedsQL™ was low, with Intra-Class correlation coefficients ranging from 0.02 to 0.23. Correlations were higher for the oldest age group for Total Score and Psychosocial Health domains, and for the Physical Health domain in the youngest age group. Statistically significant median differences were found between child and parent-reports on all subscales of the PedsQL™. The largest median differences were found for the two older age groups. Statistically significant correlations were found between parents' own QOL and their proxy-reports of child QOL across the total sample and within the middle age group. CONCLUSION: Intra-Class correlation coefficients and median difference testing can provide different information on the relationship between parent proxy-reports and child self-reports. Our findings suggest that differences in the levels of parent-child agreement previously reported may be an artefact of the statistical method used. In addition, levels of agreement can be affected by child age, domains investigated, and parents' own QOL. Further studies are needed to establish the optimal predictors of levels of parent-child agreement

Parent proxy-report of their children's health-related quality of life: an analysis of 13,878 parents' reliability and validity across age subgroups using the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales

BACKGROUND: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measurement has emerged as an important health outcome in clinical trials, clinical practice improvement strategies, and healthcare services research and evaluation. While pediatric patient self-report should be considered the standard for measuring perceived HRQOL, there are circumstances when children are too young, too cognitively impaired, too ill or fatigued to complete a HRQOL instrument, and reliable and valid parent proxy-report instruments are needed in such cases. Further, it is typically parents' perceptions of their children's HRQOL that influences healthcare utilization. Data from the PedsQL™ Database(SM )were utilized to test the reliability and validity of parent proxy-report at the individual age subgroup level for ages 2–16 years as recommended by recent FDA guidelines. METHODS: The sample analyzed represents parent proxy-report age data on 13,878 children ages 2 to 16 years from the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales Database(SM). Parents were recruited from general pediatric clinics, subspecialty clinics, and hospitals in which their children were being seen for well-child checks, mild acute illness, or chronic illness care (n = 3,718, 26.8%), and from a State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) in California (n = 10,160, 73.2%). RESULTS: The percentage of missing item responses for the parent proxy-report sample as a whole was 2.1%, supporting feasibility. The majority of the parent proxy-report scales across the age subgroups exceeded the minimum internal consistency reliability standard of 0.70 required for group comparisons, while the Total Scale Scores across the age subgroups approached or exceeded the reliability criterion of 0.90 recommended for analyzing individual patient scale scores. Construct validity was demonstrated utilizing the known groups approach. For each PedsQL™ scale and summary score, across age subgroups, healthy children demonstrated a statistically significant difference in HRQOL (better HRQOL) than children with a known chronic health condition, with most effect sizes in the medium to large effect size range. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate the feasibility, reliability, and validity of parent proxy-report at the individual age subgroup for ages 2–16 years. These analyses are consistent with recent FDA guidelines which require instrument development and validation testing for children and adolescents within fairly narrow age groupings and which determine the lower age limit at which reliable and valid responses across age categories are achievable. Even as pediatric patient self-report is advocated, there remains a fundamental role for parent proxy-report in pediatric clinical trials and health services research