Optical properties of the iron-pnictide analog BaMn2As2

We have investigated the infrared and Raman optical properties of BaMn2As2 in the ab-plane and along the c-axis. The most prominent features in the infrared spectra are the Eu and A2u phonon modes which show clear TO-LO splitting from the energy loss function analysis. All the phonon features we observed in infrared and Raman spectra are consistent with the calculated values. Compared to the iron-pnictide analog AFe2As2, this compound is much more two-dimensional in its electronic properties. For E || c-axis, the overall infrared reflectivity is insulating like. Within the ab-plane the material exhibits a semiconducting behavior. An energy gap 2{\Delta}=48 meV can be clearly identified below room temperature.Comment: 5 pages, 7 figure

A Guide to Processing Dairy Farm Business Summaries in County and Regional Extension Offices

E.B. 97-02This publication is a guide to using the Microcomputer Dairy Farm Business Summary (Micro DFBS) computer program for analyzing the financial and production performance of individual dairy farm businesses. County Cooperative Extension agents and regional specialists are the intended audience, however, college faculty in other states may also find this publication of value. Farm business summary and analysis projects have long been a basic part of the agricultural Extension program in New York State. Records submitted by New York State dairy farmers provide. the basis for many Extension educational programs and the data for applied research studies and classroom teaching

Table of Contents

table of content

New screening technique for sacral nerve stimulation under local anaesthesia

Abstract : Background : The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of the type of anaesthesia (local vs. general) and of the electrode used (test electrode vs. tined lead) on a successful screening period. Methods : Between May 2001 and January 2004, we performed 25 percutaneous nerve evaluation (PNE) tests in 20 patients (11 women). The first 15 PNE tests were followed by introducing a conventional electrode, and since 2003 by a tined lead electrode. Success was defined as reduction of symptoms by more than 50%. Results : A stimulator was implanted in 13 (68%) patients, including 4 of 14 screened with the conventional electrode and 9 of 10 screened with tined lead electrode (p=0.005). Eleven (44%) of the PNE tests were done under local anaesthesia, but the success rate was not influenced by the type of anaesthesia (local 46% vs. general 61%, p=0.682). Conclusions : PNE testing and implantation of the tined lead electrode can be easily performed at the same time under local anaesthesia. The use of the new tined lead electrode significantly increased the success rate for the screening phas

Business Summary New York State 2009

R.B. 2010-02Business and financial records for 2009 from 204 New York dairy farm businesses are summarized and analyzed. This analysis uses cash accounting with accrual adjustments to measure farm profitability, financial performance, and costs of producing milk. Traditional methods of analyzing dairy farm businesses are combined with evaluation techniques that show the relationship between good management performance and financial success. The farms in the project averaged 469 cows per farm and 24,208 pounds of milk sold per cow, which represent above average size and management level for New York dairy farms. Net farm income excluding appreciation, which is the return to the operator's labor, management, capital, and other unpaid family labor, averaged $-126,820 per farm. The rate of return to all capital invested in the farm business including appreciation averaged -3.5 percent. Differences in profitability between farms continue to widen. Average net farm income excluding appreciation of the top 10 percent of farms was$189,108, while the lowest 10 percent was $-861,956. Rates of return on equity with appreciation ranged from positive 4 percent to negative 46 percent for the highest decile and the lowest decile of farms, respectively. Large freestall farms averaged the highest milk output per cow and per worker, the lowest total cost of production and investment per cow. However, in 2009, they averaged the lowest returns to labor, management and capital. Farms milking three times a day (3X) were larger, produced more milk per cow but had lower net farm incomes in 2009 than herds milking two times per day (2X). Operating costs per hundredweight of milk were$0.08 per hundredweight lower for 3X than 2X milking herds, while output per cow was 5,222 pounds higher. Farms adopting intensive grazing generally produced less milk per cow than non-grazing farms but averaged higher labor and management incomes per operator. One should not conclude that adoption of these technologies alone were responsible for differences in performance

A Guide to Processing Dairy Farm Business Summaries in County and Regional Extension Offices

E.B. 97-02This publication is a guide to using the Microcomputer Dairy Farm Business Summary (Micro DFBS) computer program for analyzing the financial and production performance of individual dairy farm businesses. County Cooperative Extension agents and regional specialists are the intended audience, however, college faculty in other states may also find this publication of value. Farm business summary and analysis projects have long been a basic part of the agricultural Extension program in New York State. Records submitted by New York State dairy farmers provide. the basis for many Extension educational programs and the data for applied research studies and classroom teaching

Dairy Farm Business Summary: Central New York and Central Plain Regions 1992

A.E. Ext. 93-08Dairy farmers throughout New York State have been participating in Cornell Cooperative Extension's farm business summary and analysis program since the early 1950's. Managers of each participating farm business receive a comprehensive summary and analysis of the farm business. The information in this report represents an average of the data submitted from dairy farms in the Central New York and Central Plain Regions for 1992

Dairy Farm Business Summary: Western and Central Plateau Region 1997

E.B. 98-09Dairy farm managers throughout New York State have been participating in Cornell Cooperative Extension's farm business summary and analysis program since the early 1950's. Managers of each participating farm business receive a comprehensive summary and analysis of their farm business. The information in this report represents averages of the data submitted from dairy farms in the Western and Central Plateau Region for 1997

Dairy Farm Business Summary: Central Valleys Region 1997

E.B. 98-12Dairy farm managers throughout New York State have been participating in Cornell Cooperative Extension's farm business summary and analysis program since the early 1950's. Managers of each participating farm business receive a comprehensive summary and analysis of their farm business. The information in this report represents averages of the data submitted from dairy farms in the Central Valleys Region for 1997

Encoding difficulty promotes postlearning changes in sleep spindle activity during napping

Learning-dependent increases in sleep spindle density have been reported during nocturnal sleep immediately after the learning session. Here, we investigated experience-dependent changes in daytime sleep EEG activity after declarative learning of unrelated word pairs. At weekly intervals, 13 young male volunteers spent three 24 h sessions in the laboratory under carefully controlled homeostatic and circadian conditions. At approximately midday, subjects performed either one of two word-pair learning tasks or a matched nonlearning control task, in a counterbalanced order. The two learning lists differed in the level of concreteness of the words used, resulting in an easier and a more difficult associative encoding condition, as confirmed by performance at immediate cued recall. Subjects were then allowed to sleep for 4 h; afterward, delayed cued recall was tested. Compared with the control condition, sleep EEG spectral activity in the low spindle frequency range and the density of low-frequency sleep spindles (11.25-13.75 Hz) were both significantly increased in the left frontal cortex after the difficult but not after the easy encoding condition. Furthermore, we found positive correlations between these EEG changes during sleep and changes in memory performance between pre-nap and post-nap recall sessions. These results indicate that, like during nocturnal sleep, daytime sleep EEG oscillations including spindle activity are modified after declarative learning of word pairs. Furthermore, we demonstrate here that the nature of the learning material is a determinant factor for sleep-related alterations after declarative learning