The ZEUS Micro Vertex Detector

During the HERA luminosity shutdown period 2000/01 the tracking system of the ZEUS experiment has been upgraded with a silicon Micro Vertex Detector (MVD). The barrel part of the detector consists of three layers of single sided silicon strip detectors, while the forward section is composed of four wheels. In this report we shortly present the assembly procedure and in more details the test beam results on the spatial resolution of half modules. The first results of a cosmic ray test are presented and the radiation monitor system is described.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, Talk presented at the VERTEX 2001 Workshop, 23-28 Sept. 2001, Brunnen, Switzerland. Submitted to Nucl. Instr. and Meth.

Joining forces: European periodical studies as a new research field

In recent decades, periodical studies have burgeoned into a vibrant field of research. Increasing numbers of scholars working in disciplines across the humanities — literary studies, history, art history, gender studies, media studies, legal history, to name a few — are exploring the press as a key site for cultural production, public debate and the dissemination of knowledge. [...

Taking Care

__Abstract__ Musculoskeletal complaints form a common problem in the general population. A 2006 study into self-reported chronic complaints of the musculoskeletal system found a prevalence of around 40%. When asked whether any musculoskeletal pain had been experienced over the past 14 days, around 60% of respondents answered yes.1 It is unsurprising, therefore, that musculoskeletal disorders form the most common reason for consulting the general practitioner (GP) in the Netherlands. In 2001 the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders in GP practices was 267 per 1000 patients, and the prevalence 397 per 1000. These increased with age, with an estimated incidence of 350 per 1000 and prevalence of 600 per 1000 in patients over 75 years of age. In the UK, musculoskeletal problems account for 14% of all primary care consultations, and each year at least a quarter of the registered population consult their GP for a musculoskeletal complaint. The types and severity of complaints presented vary greatly. The majority are mild and self-limiting in nature, but chronic conditions such as osteoarthritis are also common. The one common feature that these various musculoskeletal disorders share is that their most burdensome component is pain. Depending on the type of complaint presented, there are various treatment options available to the GP. Non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as physiotherapy, tend to be targeted at improving function and reducing fear of movement. In many cases, the GP will also wish to prescribe an analgesic aimed at reducing the pain associated with the complaint. Treatment guidelines recommend a stepped approach to such analgesic therapy. Paracetamol is recommended as a first step, as it is effective in many painful conditions and is considered relatively safe. When paracetamol fails, GPs can prescribe non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NSAIDs are a group medicines with analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic properties. They inhibit the action of the cyclooxygenase (COX), which is a central enzyme in the synthesis of prostaglandins

La naissance d’un mythe. La nouvelle revue française dans le champ littéraire de la Belle Époque

À l’heure du centenaire de LaNRF, Maaike Koffeman retourne aux origines de cette revue légendaire pour montrer comment elle a, dès le départ, posé les fondements de son hégémonie ultérieure. La qualité des textes publiés ne suffit pas à expliquer cette réussite : il faut également prendre en compte l’organisation matérielle de la revue et de sa maison d’édition. Les correspondances des rédacteurs montrent qu’ils ont employé toutes sortes de stratégies pour acquérir du capital symbolique et obtenir une position dominante dans le champ littéraire. Une étude systématique des textes publiés dans la revue, combinée avec une analyse sociologique de son fonctionnement, permet de mieux comprendre comment LaNRF a pu devenir « la rose des vents de la littérature française » (François Mauriac).As the legendary Nouvelle revue française celebrates its hundredth anniversary, Maaike Koffeman demonstrates how the founders of this literary review laid the foundations of its success in the years preceding the First World War. The literary quality of the published texts does not suffice to explain its legendary reputation : the material organisation of the NRF and its publishing house has to be taken into consideration as well. The letters exchanged between the review’s editors prove that they employed conscious strategies in order to acquire symbolic capital and make their review into a dominant literary institution. The combination of a systematic account of the contents of the NRF with a sociological analysis of its interaction with the other players in the literary field thus leads to a better understanding of the review’s earliest history

Design and Tests of the Silicon Sensors for the ZEUS Micro Vertex Detector

To fully exploit the HERA-II upgrade,the ZEUS experiment has installed a Micro Vertex Detector (MVD) using n-type, single-sided, silicon micro-strip sensors with capacitive charge division. The sensors have a readout pitch of 120 micrometers, with five intermediate strips (20 micrometer strip pitch). The designs of the silicon sensors and of the test structures used to verify the technological parameters, are presented. Results on the electrical measurements are discussed. A total of 1123 sensors with three different geometries have been produced by Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Irradiation tests with reactor neutrons and Co-60 photons have been performed for a small sample of sensors. The results on neutron irradiation (with a fluence of 1 x 10^{13} 1 MeV equivalent neutrons / cm^2) are well described by empirical formulae for bulk damage. The Co-60 photons (with doses up to 2.9 kGy) show the presence of generation currents in the SiO_2-Si interface, a large shift of the flatband voltage and a decrease of the hole mobility.Comment: 33 pages, 25 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in NIM

Beam Test of Silicon Strip Sensors for the ZEUS Micro Vertex Detector

For the HERA upgrade, the ZEUS experiment has designed and installed a high precision Micro Vertex Detector (MVD) using single sided micro-strip sensors with capacitive charge division. The sensors have a readout pitch of 120 microns, with five intermediate strips (20 micron strip pitch). An extensive test program has been carried out at the DESY-II testbeam facility. In this paper we describe the setup developed to test the ZEUS MVD sensors and the results obtained on both irradiated and non-irradiated single sided micro-strip detectors with rectangular and trapezoidal geometries. The performances of the sensors coupled to the readout electronics (HELIX chip, version 2.2) have been studied in detail, achieving a good description by a Monte Carlo simulation. Measurements of the position resolution as a function of the angle of incidence are presented, focusing in particular on the comparison between standard and newly developed reconstruction algorithms.Comment: 41 pages, 21 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in NIM

3+1 dimensional Yang-Mills theory as a local theory of evolution of metrics on 3 manifolds

An explicit canonical transformation is constructed to relate the physical subspace of Yang-Mills theory to the phase space of the ADM variables of general relativity. This maps 3+1 dimensional Yang-Mills theory to local evolution of metrics on 3 manifolds.Comment: 7 pages, revte

Adverse drug reactions in a primary care population prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Objective. To determine how often patients with musculoskeletal (MSK) complaints prescribed a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) subsequently consult their general practitioner (GP) with a non-serious adverse drug reaction (ADR). Design. Cohort study. Setting. A healthcare database containing the electronic GP medical records of over 1.5 million patients throughout the Netherlands. Patients. A total of 16 626 adult patients with MSK complaints prescribed an NSAID. Main outcome measures. The patients' medical records were manually assessed for the duration of NSAID use for a maximum of two months, and consultations for complaints predefined as potential ADRs were identified. Subsequently, the likelihood of an association with the NSAID use was assessed and these potential ADRs were categorized as likely, possible, or unlikely ADRs. Results. In total, 961 patients (6%) consulted their GP with 1227 non-serious potential ADRs. In 174 patients (1%) at least one of these was categorized as a likely ADR, and in a further 408 patients (2.5%) at least one was categorized as a possible ADR. Dyspepsia was the most frequent likely ADR, followed by diarrhoea and dyspnoea (respectively 34%, 8%, and 8% of all likely ADRs). Conclusion. Of the patients with MSK complaints prescribed an NSAID, almost one in 30 patients re-consulted their GP with a complaint likely or possibly associated with the use of this drug. The burden of such consultations for non-serious ADRs should be taken into account by GPs when deciding whether treatment with an NSAID is appropriate

The dependence of dijet production on photon virtuality in ep collisions at HERA

The dependence of dijet production on the virtuality of the exchanged photon, Q^2, has been studied by measuring dijet cross sections in the range 0 < Q^2 < 2000 GeV^2 with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 38.6 pb^-1. Dijet cross sections were measured for jets with transverse energy E_T^jet > 7.5 and 6.5 GeV and pseudorapidities in the photon-proton centre-of-mass frame in the range -3 < eta^jet <0. The variable xg^obs, a measure of the photon momentum entering the hard process, was used to enhance the sensitivity of the measurement to the photon structure. The Q^2 dependence of the ratio of low- to high-xg^obs events was measured. Next-to-leading-order QCD predictions were found to generally underestimate the low-xg^obs contribution relative to that at high xg^obs. Monte Carlo models based on leading-logarithmic parton-showers, using a partonic structure for the photon which falls smoothly with increasing Q^2, provide a qualitative description of the data.Comment: 35 pages, 6 eps figures, submitted to Eur.Phys.J.

Observation of Scaling Violations in Scaled Momentum Distributions at HERA

Charged particle production has been measured in deep inelastic scattering (DIS) events over a large range of $x$ and $Q^2$ using the ZEUS detector. The evolution of the scaled momentum, $x_p$, with $Q^2,$ in the range 10 to 1280 $GeV^2$, has been investigated in the current fragmentation region of the Breit frame. The results show clear evidence, in a single experiment, for scaling violations in scaled momenta as a function of $Q^2$.Comment: 21 pages including 4 figures, to be published in Physics Letters B. Two references adde