Graffiti Walls: Migrant Students and the Art of Communicative Languages

Visual Arts help to create communicative actions between teachers and students. In this article, we explain the interdisciplinary methodology –Visual Arts and Language Arts– utilized by three teachers and one faculty member at San Diego State University. The purpose of the project was to create a common ground and a shared agreement based on linguistic codes utilized in the classroom. For four weeks, forty-five high-school sophomore migrant students and the teaching team discussed and analyzed poetry, short stories, graphic novels, and movies. They later created visual expressions –Cultural Tags and Graffiti Walls –that reflected students’ views about their cultural identities. The outcomes of this project stressed the importance of preserving Visual Arts Education as a pivotal element for the development of students’ communication skills

Effects of Humidity on Native and Non-Native Cavity Nesting Solitary Bees

Invasive species are defined as those that are not native to an ecosystem but may cause harm to the environment or to human health. Osmia cornifrons, a species introduced to the United States, and Osmia lignaria, a native species, are cavity-nesting solitary bees. Although not officially classified as invasive, O. cornifrons presents competition for the niche that O. lignaria inhabits. O. cornifrons has established populations throughout the East Coast and the Pacific Northwest, while O. lignaria is found all throughout the contiguous United States. This interspecies difference in geographical range exists despite their similar temperature ranges. To determine if relative humidity (RH) was an influential factor in this difference, we placed 315 of both O. cornifrons and O. lignaria propinqua into one of three relative humidity treatments (10%, 50%, or 75%) and measured their weight change and survival. We expected to see O. cornifrons die more quickly and lose more weight in lower humidity conditions, with no apparent change in hours to death or weight change among O. lignaria propinqua groups. We found that females of both species died more quickly when subjected to a low humidity treatment than those at higher conditions. Female O. cornifrons in the 10% RH condition also lost a higher percentage of total body mass than those in either of the other RH groups. However, female O. lignaria propinqua showed only a difference between the 10% group compared to the 50% and 75% treatments. O. lignaria females outlived O. cornifrons females in every humidity treatment we tested. Males of both species showed no difference in percent weight loss or time to death between treatment groups. Our study showed that humidity is a limiting factor on O. cornifrons geographical range, and that O. lignaria lignaria is at higher risk of population decline due to niche overlap with O. cornifrons in the eastern U.S. With further research, our results indicate that O. cornifrons can be used safely as a managed pollinator in more arid climates without risk of it becoming invasive in such regions. It could also indicate expansion of O. cornifrons geographical range in the U.S. if climate change increases relative humidity

War and Death in the Works of Emily Dickinson

In analyzing Emily Dickinson\u27s work within Fascicle 23, her relationship with death and dying is highlighted through her ways of writing about it in peaceful, hopeful, and solemn ways. Death, through Dickinson, is not a macabre subject, or one of disturbing lonely fascination. Though one of Dickinson\u27s most renown reputations is for being a gothic and dark writer, her poems about death represent emotions that were not usually felt when writing about death. These poems were not meant to scare her readers, but to provide hope, and mystery around the ambiguity of death. Because I could not stop for Death - represents a speaker that is being visited by death, not in a dark and scary way, but with a calm and sincere description. Death is not portrayed as a dark and shrouded figure, but one of human emotion, and depth. These emotions and events that death is present in each poem were symbolized representations of Dickinson\u27s fascination and curiosity of death, while also differed from the traditional thought of death as macabre or inherently religious and sad. Because I could not stop for death - analyzes a woman\u27s journey through life, knowing that death is approaching, but describes death as a gentleman, varying from the typical foreboding death image in other writings. This essence of varying human emotion presented within Because I could not stop for death - connects to the other poems within the fascicle, like those of “He fought like those,” and “Fame to Myself, to justify,”. These poems within Fascicle 23 are all connected through different emotions surrounding death, with Because I could not stop for death - , being the focal point of remorse and peace. All three poems included in Sheet 1, Fascicle 23, are connected by human emotions, instead of the feelings of fear or anxiety around death.https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/fsrs2020/1076/thumbnail.jp

Parejas de Hecho: una Estructura Familiar Olvidada que Cobra Importancia en el Ámbito de la Empresa Familiar

Cohabiting couples are a rapidly growing family form in the world today.  However, this family form has not been accounted for in family business research.  In this article, we examine the differences between cohabiting couples and married couples in terms of human capital, social capital, and financial capital.  Moreover, we explore how these differences may impact outcomes for firms owned by cohabiting and married couples.  Finally, we discuss how family business scholars can account for cohabiting couples in their research and how such research may help practitioners.Las parejas de hecho son una estructura familiar que está creciendo rápidamente en el mundo actual. Sin embargo, esta forma familiar no se ha tenido en cuenta en las investigaciones de empresa familiar. En este artículo examinamos las diferencias entre parejas que cohabitan y parejas casadas en términos de capital humano, capital social y capital financiero. Además, exploramos cómo estas diferencias pueden afectar a los resultados de las empresas propiedad de parejas casadas y parejas de hecho. Finalmente, discutimos la necesidad de considerar a las parejas de hecho como una estructura familiar en las investigaciones sobre empresa familiar, ya que pueden ayudar a comprender mejor las singularidades de estas empresas

Materiality in the CSR-investor reaction relationship: A replication and extension of Flammer (2013)

We replicate and extend Flammer’s (2013) event study of investor reaction to environmental corporate social responsibility (CSR). Flammer found that investors reacted positively to eco-friendly events and negatively to eco-harmful events from 1980-2009 and that reaction to positive events decreased while reaction to negative events increased over time. We find similar results for Flamer’s original sample and an expanded sample including the same type of firms (U.S.-listed public firms) from 1980-2019. We then extend Flammer’s results by examining how materiality affects investor reaction over time. We find that investors only react to material events and that positive reaction to material eco-friendly events diminishes over time, while negative reaction to material eco-harmful events increases over time, suggesting that materiality is a key factor driving Flammer’s results

Laser Cooling of Radium-225 Ions

Radium-225 (nuclear spin $I=1/2$) ions possess electronic hyperfine transitions that are first-order insensitive to magnetic field noise, which is advantageous for optical clocks and quantum information science. We report on laser cooling and trapping of radium-225 ions and hyperfine splitting measurements of the ion's $7s$ $^2S_{1/2}$, $7p$ $^2P_{1/2}$, and $6d$ $^2D_{3/2}$ states. We measured the ground state hyperfine constant, $A(^2S_{1/2}) = -27.684511056(9)\ \mathrm{GHz}$, and the quadratic Zeeman coefficient, $C_2 = 142.3(10)\ \mathrm{Hz\ G}^{-2}$, of the $^2S_{1/2} (F=0, m_F = 0) \leftrightarrow~^2S_{1/2} (F=1, m_{F} = 0)$ transition. We also measured the hyperfine constants of the $^2P_{1/2}$ state, $A(^2P_{1/2}) = -5.447(4)\ \mathrm{GHz}$, and the $^2D_{3/2}$ state, $A(^2D_{3/2}) = -619.7(11)\ \mathrm{MHz}$.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Role of chymase in cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary artery remodeling and pulmonary hypertension in hamsters

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cigarette smoking is an important risk factor for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Chymase has been shown to function in the enzymatic production of angiotensin II (AngII) and the activation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in the cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to determine the potential role of chymase in cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary artery remodeling and PAH.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Hamsters were exposed to cigarette smoke; after 4 months, lung morphology and tissue biochemical changes were examined using immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, radioimmunoassay and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Our results show that chronic cigarette smoke exposure significantly induced elevation of right ventricular systolic pressures (RVSP) and medial hypertrophy of pulmonary arterioles in hamsters, concurrent with an increase of chymase activity and synthesis in the lung. Elevated Ang II levels and enhanced TGF-β1/Smad signaling activation were also observed in smoke-exposed lungs. Chymase inhibition with chymostatin reduced the cigarette smoke-induced increase in chymase activity and Ang II concentration in the lung, and attenuated the RVSP elevation and the remodeling of pulmonary arterioles. Chymostatin did not affect angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity in hamster lungs.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These results suggest that chronic cigarette smoke exposure can increase chymase activity and expression in hamster lungs. The capability of activated chymase to induce Ang II formation and TGF-β1 signaling may be part of the mechanism for smoking-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling. Thus, our study implies that blockade of chymase might provide benefits to PAH smokers.</p