Usporedba učinaka Presynch-Ovsynch, Presynch-Ovsynch+CIDR i G6G protokola na reproduktivne pokazatelje Holstein krava u laktaciji u razdoblju nakon teljenja

This study was performed on an industrial dairy farm near Tehran province, Iran, on 666 lactating Holstein cows from September 2019 to June 2020 in order to eliminate the harmful effects of heat stress on the reproductive performance of the cows. The hypothesis of the recent study was that by increasing the serum concentration of progesterone (P4) in the luteal phase before insemination in the form of Presynch-Ovsynch+CIDR (POC) and G6G protocols, the pregnancy rate of cows would be increased compared to the Presynch-Ovsynch (PO) protocol. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of Presynch-Ovsynch (PGF2α-14d- PGF2α-12d-Ovsynch (OVS: GnRH(GnRH1)- 7d-PGF2α(PG)-2d-GnRH)-18h-Fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI), n=212), Presynch-Ovsynch+CIDR (similar to the PO protocol, plus the use of a CIDR for 7 days, from the start of the OVS+FTAI protocol to the time of PG injection, n=230), and G6G (PGF2α- 2d-GnRH-6d-OVS+FTAI, n=224) protocols on the reproductive performance and pregnancy rate of lactating Holstein cows. The average body condition score (BCS) for the cows was about 2.5 at the time of the onset of the OVS+FTAI program. The average daily milk production for cows at the time of the start of the OVS+FTAI program was 38.3 kg/day. On average, the studied cows were inseminated 86 days postpartum. Implementation of the G6G protocol in comparison to the PO and POC protocols increased the serum concentration of P4 at GnRH1 (P=0.04). The cows that received the G6G protocol had a greater number of corpuses luteum (CL) on their ovaries at PG in comparison to the cows in the PO and POC protocols (P=0.03 and P=0.05, respectively). For all treatment protocols, the pregnancy rate of cows with >2 CLs on their ovaries at PG was significantly higher than for cows with ≤2 CLs on their ovaries at this time. The overall pregnancy rate for all cows studied was 42%. Separately, pregnancy rates for cows in PO, POC, and G6G protocols were calculated at 36.7%, 41.7%, and 47.3% respectively. The highest and the lowest pregnancy rates were obtained in the G6G and PO protocols, respectively (P=0.03). It can be concluded that the G6G protocol increased the pregnancy rate of cows in comparison to the PO but not to the POC protocol. This result can be attributed to the increase in serum concentration of P4 at GnRH1 and the greater number of CLs at PG following implementation of the G6G compared to the PO protocol. Although CIDR administration in the POC protocol led to an increase in the pregnancy rate of cows compared to the PO protocol, possibly by increasing the synchrony rate and the quality of the ovulatory follicle, this increase was not statistically significant (P=0.09).Novija studija provedena je na industrijskoj mliječnoj farmi blizu Teheran provincije u Iranu, na 666 Holstein krava u laktaciji od rujna 2019. do lipnja 2020. godine u svrhu eliminacije štetnih učinaka toplinskog stresa na reproduktivne pokazatelje krava. Pretpostavka studije koja je prethodila ovom radu bila je da će se postotak gravidnosti krava, povećanjem koncentracije progesterona (P4) u serumu u lutealnoj fazi prije oplodnje putem Presynch-Ovsynch+CIDR (POC) i G6G protokola, povećati u usporedbi s Presynch- Ovsynch (PO) protokolom. Cilj ove studije bio je procijeniti učinke Presynch-Ovsynch (PGF2α-14d-PGF2α-12d-Ovsynch (OVS: GnRH(GnRH1)-7d-PGF2α(PG)-2d-GnRH)- 18h-fiksno vrijeme umjetnog osjemenjivanja (FTAI), n=212), Presynch-Ovsynch+CIDR (slično kao PO protokol, plus uporaba CIDR tijekom 7 dana, od početka OVS+FTAI protokola do vremena ubrizgavanja PG, n=230) te G6G (PGF2α-2d-GnRH-6d- OVS+FTAI, n=224) protokola na reproduktivne pokazatelje i postotak gravidnosti Holstein krava u laktaciji. Prosječno bodovanje stanja tijela (BSC) za krave bilo je oko 2,5 u vrijeme početka OVS+FTAI programa. Prosječna dnevna proizvodnja mlijeka za krave na početku OVS+FTAI programa bila je 38,3 kg/dan. U prosjeku, istraživane krave bile su osjemenjene 86 dana nakon teljenja. Implementacija G6G protokola u usporedbi s PO i POC protokolima povećala je koncentraciju P4 u serumu pri GnRH1 (P=0,04). Krave koje su primale G6G protokol imale su veći broj žutih tijela (CL) na svojim jajnicima kod PG u usporedbi s kravama u PO i POC protokolima (P=0,03, odnosno P=0,05). Za sve protokole liječenja, postotak gravidnosti krava koje su imale >2 žuta tijela na jajnicima kod PG bio je značajno veći od krava koje su u to vrijeme imale ≤2 žuta tijela na svojim jajnicima. Sveukupni postotak gravidnosti svih proučavanih krava bio je 42 %. Zasebno, postotci gravidnosti za krave u PO, POC i G6G protokolima izračunati su kako slijedi: 36,7 %, 41,7 %, odnosno 47,3 %. Najveći i najniži postotak gravidnosti postignuti su G6G, odnosno PO protokolom (P=0,03). Može se zaključiti da je G6G protokol povećao postotak gravidnosti krava u usporedbi s PO protokolom, ali ne i POC protokolom. Ovaj rezultat moguće je pripisati povećanju P4 koncentracije u serumu pri GnRH1 i većem broju žutih tijela kod PG nakon implementacije G6G protokola u usporedbi s PO protokolom. Premda je primjena CIDR u POC protokolu dovela do povećanja postotka gravidnosti krava u usporedbi s PO protokolom, moguće povećanjem sinkronizacijske stope i kvalitete ovulacijskog folikula, to povećanje nije statistički značajno (P=0,09)

A review of retained placenta in bovines - risks, diagnosis, treatment, and control

Zaostajanje posteljice (RP) je sindrom koji se javlja u svih vrsta domaćih životinja, uključujući krave. RP može dovesti do po život opasnih komplikacija pa je terapija spomenutog stanja hitna u teriogenologiji. Različiti čimbenici osnova su za pojavnost RP-a, uključujući defekte u imunološkom odbacivanju posteljice, poremećaje miometrijalnih kontrakcija, infekcije, poremećaje oslobađanja ili funkcioniranja proteolitičkih enzima u posteljici, induciranje porođaja, prijevremeni porođaj, pobačaj, mrtvorođenje, debljinu, senilnost, bakterijske i fungalne toksine, parenje blisko srodnih životinja, abnormalno hormonalno okruženje u peripartalnom razdoblju, ozljede posteljice, elektivni carski rez, stresne uvjete u okolišu, pothranjenost, metaboličke poremećaje, pasminu, itd. Ovisno o temeljnom uzroku/uzrocima RP-a, predloženi su različiti načini za sprječavanje RP-a poput hranidbe uravnoteženom hranom, pravilne imunizacije protiv bolesti, osiguravanja suhog i čistog okruženja za porođaj, odabira pasmina s niskom stopom pojavnosti distocije ili RP-a, itd. Nekoliko je metoda za liječenje bolesti, uključujući ručno uklanjanje membrana, injektiranje kolagena u pupčane arterije zaostalih membrana, ispiranje maternice, hormonalnu terapiju, terapiju antibioticima, itd. Ovaj pregled naglašava učinkovite načine upravljanja RP-om u goveda.Retained placenta (RP) is a syndrome that affects all species of domestic animals, including bovines. Retained placenta can lead to life-threatening complications and is considered an emergency in theriogenology practice. Various factors underlie the occurrence of RP, including defects in the immunological rejection of the placenta, disorders in myometrial contractions, infections, disorders in the release or function of proteolytic enzymes in the placenta, induction of parturition, preterm birth, abortion, stillbirth, excessive body weight, senility, bacterial and fungal toxins, inbreeding, abnormal hormonal environment at peri-parturition, injuries of the placenta, elective caesarean, environmental stressful conditions, nutritional deficiencies, metabolic disturbances, and breed. Depending on the underlying cause(s), different measures have been suggested to prevent RP, such as feeding a balanced ration, proper immunisation against diseases, supplying a dry and clean environment for parturition, using breeds with a low incidence of dystocia or RP. There are several methods for treating the disease, including manual removal of membranes, injection of collagenase into the umbilical arteries of the retained membranes, uterine lavage, hormone therapy, antibiotic therapy and others. This review highlights the effective means of management of RP in cattle

Poboljšanje reproduktivne sposobnosti nakon primjene modificiranog protokola Double-Ovsynch u usporedbi s protokolom G6G u holštajnskih krava u laktaciji

This study evaluated a new presynchronization method, the combination of Presynch and Ovsynch, prior to the implementation of the Ovsynch-fixed timed artificial insemination (OVS+FTAI) protocol, as modified by Double-Ovsynch (MDO) compared to the G6G protocol. Lactating Holstein cows in G6G (n=250) and MDO (n=270) treatment groups received the following treatments, respectively: PGF2α-2d-GnRH(pre-GnRH1)-6d-OVS+FTAI (GnRH(GnRH1)-7d-PGF2α(PG)-2d-GnRH(GnRH2)-18h-FTAI) and PGF2α-7d-GnRH-7d-PGF2α-3d-GnRH(pre-GnRH1)-7d-OVS+FTAI. On average, the days in milk (DIM) of cows at the time of GnRH1 injection was 75±0.08 (mean±SEM). Pregnancy was diagnosed 32-38 days after timed AI by ultrasonographic examination. Modified Double-Ovsynch increased the pregnancies per AI (P/AI) compared to the G6G protocol (P=0.01). For all cows (n=520), the pregnancy rate was higher in cows that had preovulatory follicles ≥16 mm in diameter at the time of GnRH2 injection, compared to the cows that had preovulatory follicles <16 mm in diameter at the same time (P=0.03). Modified Double-Ovsynch increased the mean (±SEM) serum concentration of progesterone (P4, ng/ml) at PG compared to the G6G protocol (P<0.01). Therefore, MDO increased the pregnancy rate of cows at the first postpartum insemination compared to the G6G protocol, due to the induction of ovulation in noncyclic cows, improvement of synchronization in ovarian events, improvement of the quality of the ovulatory follicles and oocytes, and provision of an appropriate intrauterine environment for embryonic development and survival.U radu je istražena nova metoda predsinkronizacije, kombinacija protokola Presynch i Ovsynch, prije primjene protokola Ovsynch s ciljanim vremenom umjetne oplodnje (OVS + FTAI) kao modificiranog protokola Double- Ovsynch (MDO). Nova metoda uspoređena je s protokolom G6G. Holštajnske krave u laktaciji u pokusnim skupinama G6G (n = 250) i MDO (n = 270) bile su pod sljedećim terapijskim protokolima: PGF2α-2d-GnRH(pre-GnRH1)- 6d-OVS+FTAI (GnRH(GnRH1)-7d-PGF2α(PG)-2d-nRH(GnRH2)-18h-FTAI) i PGF2α-7d-GnRH-7d-PGF2α-3d- GnRH(pre-GnRH1)-7d-OVS+FTAI. Prosječna je vrijednost dana laktacije (DIM) u vrijeme injekcije GnRH1 iznosila 75±0,08 (prosječna vrijednost ± SEM). Gravidnost je ustanovljena ultrazvučno, 32 - 38 dana nakon ciljanog vremena umjetnog osjemenjivanja (UO). Modificirani protokol Double-Ovsynch povećao je stopu gravidnosti u odnosu na broj umjetnih osjemenjivanja (P/AI) u odnosu na protokol G6G (P=0,01). Kod svih je krava (n=520) stopa gravidnosti bila veća kod onih čiji su predovulacijski folikuli bili promjera ≥16 mm u vrijeme injekcije GnRH2 u usporedbi s kravama koje su u isto vrijeme imale predovulacijske folikule manje od 16 mm u promjeru (P=0,03). Modificirani protokol Double-Ovsynch povećao je prosječnu vrijednost (±SEM) serumske koncentracije progesterona (P4, ng/mL) u usporedbi s protokolom G6G (P<0,01). Zaključno, MDO je povećao stopu gravidnosti u krava pri prvoj postpartalnoj oplodnji u usporedbi s protokolom G6G, zahvaljujući indukciji ovulacije u krava koje se ne tjeraju, poboljšanju sinkronizacije ovarijskih funkcija, poboljšanju kvalitete ovarijskih folikula i oocita i osiguravanju odgovarajućeg intrauterinog okruženja za razvoj i preživljavanje embrija

Investigating the Relationship between Will Power and Spiritual Well-Being among Students: A Structural Equation Model

Backgrounds: Spiritual health is one of the important health dimensions, which helps stabilizing the person's internal characteristics and improves the individuals' quality of life. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between will-power and spiritual well-being of students in Shahroud University of Medical Sciences. Methods: 431 students were evaluated by distributing the Paloutzian and Ellison Spiritual well-being Questionnaire and Iranian Will-Power Inventory. Spiritual health as a dependent variable, and power of will and the variables of gender, age, marital status, field of study, place of residence, and being native or non-native were measured. Results: Regression results of structural equations showed that the demographic factors such as gender, marital status, educational level, and will-power variables predict the spiritual health score belonged to the students. The results also indicated that the will-power is associated with an increase in the spiritual health score of the students (beta=0.61, Pvalue=0.001). Conclusions: Based on the findings, it seems that through the educational interventions and presentation of educational packages, strengthening of will-power is necessary for promoting the spiritual health of the students. Keywords: Spiritual Well-Being, Will-Power, Students, Structural Equation Mode

Investigating the Relationship between Will Power and Spiritual Well-Being among Students: A Structural Equation Model

Backgrounds: Spiritual health is one of the important health dimensions, which helps stabilizing the person's internal characteristics and improves the individuals' quality of life. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between will-power and spiritual well-being of students in Shahroud University of Medical Sciences. Methods: 431 students were evaluated by distributing the Paloutzian and Ellison Spiritual well-being Questionnaire and Iranian Will-Power Inventory. Spiritual health as a dependent variable, and power of will and the variables of gender, age, marital status, field of study, place of residence, and being native or non-native were measured. Results: Regression results of structural equations showed that the demographic factors such as gender, marital status, educational level, and will-power variables predict the spiritual health score belonged to the students. The results also indicated that the will-power is associated with an increase in the spiritual health score of the students (beta=0.61, Pvalue=0.001). Conclusions: Based on the findings, it seems that through the educational interventions and presentation of educational packages, strengthening of will-power is necessary for promoting the spiritual health of the students. Keywords: Spiritual Well-Being, Will-Power, Students, Structural Equation Mode

The Role of Quranic Education Methods in Mental Health and Tendency to Addiction in Three Areas of Deterrence, Support and Supervision

For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Background and Objective: Considering the fact that few domestic and international studies have examined the role of spirituality in mental health and tendency to addition, the present study attempted to explain the role of Quranic education methods in three areas including deterrence, support, and supervision.Methods: This study is descriptive-analytical and draws on verses from the Quran and interpretations of the Quran based on the verses related to the topic of investigation. The authors declared no conflict of interest.Results: The results pointed to a meaningful relationship of mental health and tendency to addiction with spirituality. This result confirms consistency of medicine with Quranic orders.Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be stated that spirituality can explain and predict mental health and tendency to addiction. Drawing on the religious orders, a purposeful order and organization can be given to life to reduce tendency to addiction. These methods concern drug users, their family, and the community and ensure strong ethical commitments. For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Please cite this article as: Nasimi SA, Kohsari R, Keramati M, Taban J. The Role of Quranic Education Methods in Mental Health and Tendency to Addiction in Three Areas of Deterrence, Support and Supervision. Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va salāmat. 2020;6(2):148-164.https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v6i2.2026

Chitosan/PEO nanofibers electrospun on metallized track-etched membranes: fabrication and characterization

The development of next-generation adsorption, separation, and filtration materials is growing with an increased research focus on polymer composites. In this study, a novel blend of chitosan (CS) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) nanofiber mats was electrospun on titanium (Ti)-coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) track-etched membranes (TMs) with after-treatment by glutaraldehyde in the vapor phase for enhancing the nanofiber stability by crosslinking. The prepared composite, titanium-coated track-etched nanofiber membrane (TTM-CPnf) was characterized by Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR), water contact angle, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. Smooth and uniform CS nanofibers with an average fiber diameter of 156.55 nm were produced from a 70/30 CS/PEO blend solution prepared from 92 wt. % acetic acid and electrospun at 15 cm needle to collector distance with 0.5 mL/h flow rate and an applied voltage of 30 kV on the TTM-CPnf. Short (15 min) and long (72 h)-term solubility tests showed that after 3 h, crosslinked nanofibers were stable in acidic (pH = 3), basic (pH = 13), and neutral (pH = 7) solutions. The crosslinked TTM-CPnf material was biocompatible based on the low mortality of freshwater crustaceans Daphnia magna. The composite membranes comprised of electrospun nanofiber and TMs proved to be biocompatible and may thus be suitable for diverse applications such as dual adsorption–filtration systems in water treatment

The solution of integro-functional equations of volterra type

SIGLELD:D48677/84 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Comparison of the effects of Presynch-Ovsynch, Presynch- Ovsynch+CIDR, and G6G protocols on the reproductive performance of lactating Holstein cows in the postpartum period

This study was performed on an industrial dairy farm near Tehran province, Iran, on 666 lactating Holstein cows from September 2019 to June 2020 in order to eliminate the harmful effects of heat stress on the reproductive performance of the cows. The hypothesis of the recent study was that by increasing the serum concentration of progesterone (P4) in the luteal phase before insemination in the form of Presynch-Ovsynch+CIDR (POC) and G6G protocols, the pregnancy rate of cows would be increased compared to the Presynch-Ovsynch (PO) protocol. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of Presynch-Ovsynch (PGF2α-14d- PGF2α-12d-Ovsynch (OVS: GnRH(GnRH1)- 7d-PGF2α(PG)-2d-GnRH)-18h-Fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI), n=212), Presynch-Ovsynch+CIDR (similar to the PO protocol, plus the use of a CIDR for 7 days, from the start of the OVS+FTAI protocol to the time of PG injection, n=230), and G6G (PGF2α- 2d-GnRH-6d-OVS+FTAI, n=224) protocols on the reproductive performance and pregnancy rate of lactating Holstein cows. The average body condition score (BCS) for the cows was about 2.5 at the time of the onset of the OVS+FTAI program. The average daily milk production for cows at the time of the start of the OVS+FTAI program was 38.3 kg/day. On average, the studied cows were inseminated 86 days postpartum. Implementation of the G6G protocol in comparison to the PO and POC protocols increased the serum concentration of P4 at GnRH1 (P=0.04). The cows that received the G6G protocol had a greater number of corpuses luteum (CL) on their ovaries at PG in comparison to the cows in the PO and POC protocols (P=0.03 and P=0.05, respectively). For all treatment protocols, the pregnancy rate of cows with &amp;gt;2 CLs on their ovaries at PG was significantly higher than for cows with ≤2 CLs on their ovaries at this time. The overall pregnancy rate for all cows studied was 42%. Separately, pregnancy rates for cows in PO, POC, and G6G protocols were calculated at 36.7%, 41.7%, and 47.3% respectively. The highest and the lowest pregnancy rates were obtained in the G6G and PO protocols, respectively (P=0.03). It can be concluded that the G6G protocol increased the pregnancy rate of cows in comparison to the PO but not to the POC protocol. This result can be attributed to the increase in serum concentration of P4 at GnRH1 and the greater number of CLs at PG following implementation of the G6G compared to the PO protocol. Although CIDR administration in the POC protocol led to an increase in the pregnancy rate of cows compared to the PO protocol, possibly by increasing the synchrony rate and the quality of the ovulatory follicle, this increase was not statistically significant (P=0.09).</jats:p