Utjecaj dodatnog izvannastavnog programa odbojke na antropološki status učenika

Sport kao izvannastavna aktivnost svim uzrastima omogućava zadovoljavanje potrebe za kretanjem i igrom, razvojem sposobnosti, osobina i sportskih znanja, očuvanjem i unapređivanjem zdravlja te sportsko izražavanje i stvaralaštvo. Uključivanjem u sportsku aktivnost učenici nadograđuju teorijska znanja, upoznaju se s primjenom pravila i fair play-a te s opremom i pomagalima specifičnim za određeni sport. Zbog malog broja sati teško je u redovnu nastavu, pored onih propisanih, uklopiti specifične zadatke, a sjedilački način života i pojava čitavog niza zdravstvenih problema u sve ranijoj dobi govori u prilog bavljenju dodatnom aktivnošću.U ovom se radu govori o odbojci kao izvannastavnoj aktivnosti i njezinom mogućem utjecaju na antropološki status učenica viših razreda osnovne škole. Ovisno o učestalosti treninga, rezultati promatranih istraživanja većinom govore u prilog pozitivnog utjecaja odbojke na antropološki status učenika. Pokazalo se kako je iznimno važno na koji je način isplaniran program izvođenja i koliko kontinuirano učenici pohađaju odabranu aktivnost. Između ostalog, veliki utjecaj imaju nastavnici i roditelji, i to primarno u ulozi motivatora. Osnovni ciljevi bavljenja odbojkom u osnovnoj školi nisu samo zadovoljenje obrazovne, već i odgojne komponente nastavnog procesa. Upravo zato izvannastavna aktivnost ne služi samo iznimno nadarenim učenicima, već svima koji za tu aktivnost iskazuju želju. Program odbojke u ovoj dobi znatno je usmjeren na usvajanje osnova kretanja, elemenata odbojkaške igre i odbojkaških tehnika. Zasigurno se cijeni i samo sudjelovanje učenika u odabranoj aktivnosti, jer u krajnjem slučaju zadovoljstvo koje proizlazi iz takvog oblikovanog slobodnog vremena daleko je neprocjenjivo. U radu su opisane ukratko sve navedene komponente, a prilikom oblikovanja rada korištena je dostupna literatura u tiskanom i elektroničkom obliku te razgovori i iskustva profesora tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture.Sport as an extracurricular activity meets the needs of all generations for movement and play, development of skills, qualities and sport knowledge, preservation and promotion of health and sport expression and creativity. By participating in sports activities students build theoretical knowledge, become familiar with the application of rules and fair play, equipment and tools specific to a particular sport. Due to the small number of lessons it is difficult to fit into regular classes some specific tasks in addition to those prescribed, so the sedentary lifestyle and the emergence of a number of health problems in all younger age, speaks in favor of dealing with the additional activity.This paper presents volleyball as an extracurricular activity and its possible influence on the anthropological status of female students in higher grades of elementary school. Depending on the frequency of training, observed research results speak mostly in favor of the positive impact of volleyball on the anthropological status of students. It turned out that it is extremely important how the planned program is preformed and how continuously students attend the chosen activity. Among other things, serious impacts have teachers and parents, primarily as motivators. The main goals of practicing volleyball in elementary school is education but also the fulfillment of educational component in the teaching process. That is the reason why an extracurricular activity is not only for extremely talented students, but for all those who have tendency to perform that activity. The program of volleyball in this age is mostly focused on learning the basics of movement, elements of volleyball and volleyball techniques. Certainly, the student participation in selected activities is also appreciated because in the end, the satisfaction that comes out from, in such a way formed free time is priceless. The paper briefly describes all of these components, and while writing the work, all available literature in print and electronic form was used, as well as the interviews and experiences of physical education professors

Multicriteria sustainability evaluation of transport networks for selected European countries

As an essential economic activity, transportation has complex interactions with the environment and society. Since the concept of sustainable development has become one of the top priorities for nations, there has been a growing interest in evaluating the performance of transport systems with respect to sustainability issues. The main purpose of this study is to introduce a decision making framework to assess the sustainability of the transport networks in a multidimensional setting and a technique to identify non-compromise alternatives. We also propose an elucidation technique to identify according to which criteria a system needs to be improved and how much improvement is required to attain a certain level of sustainability. The proposed methods are applied to a set of selected European countries within a case study

Comparison of Different Methods for Classification of Gene Bank Accessions

The objective of this study was to group common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) accessions originating from different collection sites according to their morphological similarity. Classification based on genetic diversity should improve the maintenance of the collection of bean accessions and enhance its use as a valuable source of desirable traits in plant breeding. Materials used in this study are accessions of common bean, collected at various locations in Croatia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and stored in the Croatian Bank of Plant Genes (HBBG). In order to use a number of qualitative and quantitative morphological traits, scored according to IPGRI (International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome), and HBBG descriptor lists, we followed the method of classification described by Franco and Crossa (2003). Results obtained from this study reveal some weaknesses as well as advantages of methods used for classification of gene bank accessions

RANDMAN ČETIRIJU POPULACIJA HRVATSKIH ŠARANA (CYPRINUS CARPIO L.)

The morphometric traits were determined on the sample of 459 marketable size common carp from the four Croatian fish farms. There traits were analyzed by the classical methods in order to determine the influence of population, scaliness, age and sex on the dressing percentage. The obtained results show the existence of different phenotypes of common carps at Croatian farms, primarily, morphometric differences. However, the sygnificant diferences of dressing percentage among the populations were not registered (p>0.05). The significant difference between the dressing percentages of scaled and mirror carps was not detected (p>0.05), what leads to the conclusion that the scaliness does not influence dressing percentage significantly. The age and sex also, dit not show significant influence on dressing percentage. As the carps were sampled in winter the differences in dressing percentage caused by the different maturation of males and females were excluded.Cyprinidae (šaranke) ukupno čine najveću skupinu uzgajanih riba u svijetu, s udjelom u svjetskoj proizvodnji od oko 74%. U Hrvatskoj je šaran glavna slatkovodna vrsta i već godinama čini 80% do 90% ukupne proizvodnje. Argumentiranim otklanjanjem predrasuda o šaranu kao ribi bijede i teških životnih situacija (II. svj. rat), ribi glomaznih dimenzija nepogodnih za pripremu, punoj kostiju i s okusom na ustajalu vodu (V a l l o d , 1995) naglašava se i razvoj kontroliranih linija sa standardnim morfološkim obilježjima. Uzgoj tako formatiranih riba povećava učinkovitost riboprerađivačke opreme uz jednostavnije oblikovanje postrojenja za filetiranje. U takvoj ponudi odnos iskoristivog dijela ribe i njezine ukupne mase, tj. randman, postaje sve bitnija odrednica njegova daljnjeg komercijalnog iskorištavanja. Zato je cilj ovoga rada procjena randmana konzumnih šarana u Hrvatskoj. Odabrana je riba s ribnjačarstava u Draganićima (D), Končanici (K), Našičkoj Breznici (NB) i Orahovici (G-Grudnjak). I dok se u Draganićima konzumni šaran proizvodi u dvogodišnjem pogonu, na ostalim trima ribnjačarstvima primjenjuje se tehnologija trogodišnjeg uzgoja. Tako odabranim uzorkom željelo se utvrditi rezultiraju li međusobna dislociranost ribnjačastava s različitim ekološkim uvjetima, različitom primijenenom tehnologijom i dužinom trajanja uzgoja, te različitim izvorima nasadnog i matičnog materijala, i razlikama u randmanu konzumne ribe. Randman je određen kao iznos obilježja ukupna masa i obilježja masa trupa bez glave sa škrgama, utrobe i gonada. S dijela uzorka odstranjene su i ljuske pa je određen i randman bez ljusaka kao odnos ukupne mase i mase trupa bez glave sa škrgama, utrobe, gonada i ljusaka. Obilježje je procijenjeno na osnovi populacijske pripadnosti, dobi konzumne ribe (dvogodišnja i trogodišnja), ljuskavosti (ljuskavi, maloljuskavi) i spola. Rezultati analize pokazuju da unatoč razlikama u prosječnoj masi tijela, prosječnoj masi trupa bez glave sa škrgama, bez utrobe i gonada, te prosječnoj masi trupa bez glave sa škrgama, utrobe, gonada i ljusaka između populacija analiziranih šarana s različitih ribnjačarstava među njima nije utvrđena opravdana razlika u randmanu (p>0,05). Između spomenutih populacija konzumnih šarana također nije utvrđena opravdana razlika u randmanu glede različite ljuskavosti, različite dobi i različitoga spola

Anestezija kod operacijskog zahvata na hipofizi

Pituitary tumors account for more than 10% of all intracranial tumors. They often present with symptoms of hormonal hypersecretion, although they may also cause hypopituitarism. Transsphenoidal pituitary surgery has become a commonly performed neurosurgical procedure, which has certain challenges for the anesthesiologist due to many distinct comorbidities associated with various adenomas. This article provides a review of perioperative concerns regarding transsphenoidal pituitary surgery, encountered in a number of these patients. Thorough understanding of preoperative assessment, intraoperative management and potential complications is fundamental for successful perioperative patient care and avoidance of morbidity and mortality.Tumori hipofize čine više od 10% svih intrakranijskih tumora. Oni se često manifestiraju simptomima hipersekrecije hormona, ali mogu isto tako izazvati hipopituitarizam. Transsfenoidna kirurgija hipofize postala je čest neurokirurški zahvat koji pred anesteziologa postavlja stanovite izazove zbog mnogih istodobno postojećih bolesti udruženih s raznim adenomima. Ovaj članak daje pregled pitanja koja treba razmotriti prije pristupanja transsfenoidnoj kirurgiji hipofize u većine ovih bolesnika. Potpuno razumijevanje prijeoperacijske procjene, intraoperacijskog zbrinjavanja i mogućih komplikacija bitno je za uspješnu perioperacijsku skrb, kao i za izbjegavanje pobola i smrtnosti

Chemical and biological investigations of Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf.

U radu je opisana izolacija pet sastojaka petroleterske i diklormetanske frakcije metanolnog ekstrakta kore biljke Delonix regia: lupeol (1), epilupeol (2), β-sitosterol (3), stigmasterol (4) i p-metoksibenzaldehid (5). Nadalje, testirano je antimikrobno djelovanje različitih ekstrakata difuzijskom metodom na disku (15 μg mm2). Zone inhibicije za sastojke topljive u petroleteru, tetraklormetanu i diklormetanu bile su 914 mm, 1113 mm, odnosno 920 mm, dok je zona inhibicije standarda kanamicina bila 2025 mm. U biološkom pokusu smrtnosti morskih kozica najveću toksičnost pokazali su spojevi topljivi u tetraklormetanu (LC50 = 0,83 μg mL1), dok je topljivost sastojaka topljivih u petroleteru i diklormetanu bila LC50 14,94, odnosno 3,29 μg mL1, a standarda vinkristin sulfata 0,812 μg mL1. Ovo je prvo izvješće o izolaciji sastojaka, antimikrobnom djelovanju i citotoksičnosti biljke D. regia.In this study five compounds, lupeol (1), epilupeol (2), β-sitosterol (3), stigmasterol (4) and p-methoxybenzaldehyde (5) were isolated from the petroleum ether and dichloromethane fractions of a methanolic extract of the stem bark of Delonix regia. Antimicrobial screening of the different extracts (15 μg mm2) was conducted by disc diffusion method. The zones of inhibition demonstrated by the petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride and dichloromethane fractions ranged from 914 mm, 1113 mm and 920 mm, respectively, compared to kanamycin standard with the zone of inhibition of 2025 mm. In brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the carbon tetrachloride soluble materials demonstrated the highest toxicity with LC50 of 0.83 μg mL1, while petroleum ether and dichloromethane soluble partitionates of the methanolic extract revealed LC50 of 14.94 and 3.29 μg mL1, respectively, in comparison with standard vincristine sulphate with LC50 of 0.812 μg mL1. This is the first report on compounds separation from D. regia, their antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity

Synergistic Effects of Combining Morphological and Molecular Data in Resolving the Intraspecific Classification in O. basilicum L.

High levels of both morphological and chemical variability exist within the O. basilicum L. species. Long-term traditional uses and wide distribution throughout the world, as well as traditional selection and breeding efforts, have contributed to variability within the species. Morphological traits according to UPOV descriptor list and AFLP markers were utilized to define the extent of existing variation in the species analyzing 24 accessions. Phenotypic dissimilarities between pairs of accessions were calculated and the UPGMA dendrogram was constructed. A number of clearly defined clusters have been detected, giving a good representation of traditional taxonomic relationships. Genetic relationships were determined by Neighbour-Joining cluster analysis based on Dice’s distance matrix between accessions. Generally, morphologically similar accessions grouped together and a high congruence between trees was observed. Our analyses revealed a certain degree of correspondence between morphological and molecular data among O. basilicum L. accessions. Both AFLP markers and morphological descriptors can contribute in resolving existing problems concerning intraspecific classification in O. basilicum

Synthesis of customized petroleum-replica fuel molecules by targeted modification of free fatty acid pools in Escherichia coli.

This is the final version of the article. Available from National Academy of Sciences via the DOI in this record.Data deposition: The synthetic nucleotide sequences reported in this paper have been deposited in GenBank database (accession nos. JQ901708, JQ901709, and JQ901710).Biofuels are the most immediate, practical solution for mitigating dependence on fossil hydrocarbons, but current biofuels (alcohols and biodiesels) require significant downstream processing and are not fully compatible with modern, mass-market internal combustion engines. Rather, the ideal biofuels are structurally and chemically identical to the fossil fuels they seek to replace (i.e., aliphatic n- and iso-alkanes and -alkenes of various chain lengths). Here we report on production of such petroleum-replica hydrocarbons in Escherichia coli. The activity of the fatty acid (FA) reductase complex from Photorhabdus luminescens was coupled with aldehyde decarbonylase from Nostoc punctiforme to use free FAs as substrates for alkane biosynthesis. This combination of genes enabled rational alterations to hydrocarbon chain length (Cn) and the production of branched alkanes through upstream genetic and exogenous manipulations of the FA pool. Genetic components for targeted manipulation of the FA pool included expression of a thioesterase from Cinnamomum camphora (camphor) to alter alkane Cn and expression of the branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex and β-keto acyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III from Bacillus subtilis to synthesize branched (iso-) alkanes. Rather than simply reconstituting existing metabolic routes to alkane production found in nature, these results demonstrate the ability to design and implement artificial molecular pathways for the production of renewable, industrially relevant fuel molecules.This work was supported by a grant from Shell Research Ltd. and a Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) Industry Interchange Partnership grant (to J.L.)

Genome sequence of the oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula toruloides strain CGMCC 2.1609

This is the final version of the article. Available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.Most eukaryotic oleaginous species are yeasts and among them the basidiomycete red yeast, Rhodotorula (Rhodosporidium) toruloides (Pucciniomycotina) is known to produce high quantities of lipids when grown in nitrogen-limiting media, and has potential for biodiesel production. The genome of the CGMCC 2.1609 strain of this oleaginous red yeast was sequenced using a hybrid of Roche 454 and Illumina technology generating 13 × coverage. The de novo assembly was carried out using MIRA and scaffolded using MAQ and BAMBUS. The sequencing and assembly resulted in 365 scaffolds with total genome size of 33.4 Mb. The complete genome sequence of this strain was deposited in GenBank and the accession number is LKER00000000. The annotation is available on Figshare (doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.4754251).This research was funded by grants from Shell Global Solutions (UK). We gratefully acknowledge Liverpool Advanced Genomics Facility and Exeter Sequencing Service and computational core facilities at the University of Exeter supported by Wellcome Trust Institutional Strategic Support Fund (WT097835MF) and Wellcome Trust Multi User Equipment Award (WT101650MA)