Karakterisasi Kolagen Gelembung Renang Tuna Sirip Kuning (Thunnus Albacares) Dari Perairan Maluku Menggunakan Ekstraksi Asam (Collagen Characterization From Swim Bladder of Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus Albacares) From Maluku Using Acid Extraction)

Gelembung renang merupakan bagian dari limbah hasil samping industri pengolahan ikan yang mengandung protein kolagen tinggi. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah pada gelembung renang adalah dengan mengolahnya menjadi ekstrak kolagen. Gelembung renang yang diteliti berasal dari ikan tuna sirip kuning (Thunnus albacares) sebagai hasil tangkapan dominan di Maluku. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik ekstrak kolagen dari limbah gelembung renang ikan tuna sirip kuning yang meliputi proporsi, komposisi kimia, asam amino dan berat molekul. Gelembung renang diekstraksi menggunakan asam asetat 0,5 M dan 0,75 M. Limbah gelembung renang ikan tuna sirip kuning memiliki proporsi 0,35% dari seluruh bobot ikan dengan kandungan protein 20,27%. Proses ekstraksi asam menghasilkan kolagen yang teridentifikasi sebagai kolagen tipe I dengan berat molekul antara 130-145 kDa. Ekstraksi kolagen dari gelembung renang ikan tuna sirip kuning memberikan hasil terbaik pada ekstraksi menggunakan asam asetat 0,5 M dimana kandungan prolin 456,40 mg/g, glisin 1175,05 mg/g dan alanin 338,66 mg/g

The ubiquitin ligase LIN41/TRIM71 targets p53 to antagonize cell death and differentiation pathways during stem cell differentiation

Rapidity and specificity are characteristic features of proteolysis mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Therefore, the UPS is ideally suited for the remodeling of the embryonic stem cell proteome during the transition from pluripotent to differentiated states and its inverse, the generation of inducible pluripotent stem cells. The Trim-NHL family member LIN41 is among the first E3 ubiquitin ligases to be linked to stem cell pluripotency and reprogramming. Initially discovered in C. elegans as a downstream target of the let-7 miRNA, LIN41 is now recognized as a critical regulator of stem cell fates as well as the timing of neurogenesis. Despite being indispensable for embryonic development and neural tube closure in mice, the underlying mechanisms for LIN41 function in these processes are poorly understood. To better understand the specific contributions of the E3 ligase activity for the stem cell functions of LIN41, we characterized global changes in ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like modifications using Lin41-inducible mouse embryonic stem cells. The tumor suppressor protein p53 was among the five most strongly affected proteins in cells undergoing neural differentiation in response to LIN41 induction. We show that LIN41 interacts with p53, controls its abundance by ubiquitination and antagonizes p53-dependent pro-apoptotic and pro-differentiation responses. In vivo, the lack of LIN41 is associated with upregulation of Grhl3 and widespread caspase-3 activation, two downstream effectors of p53 with essential roles in neural tube closure. As Lin41-deficient mice display neural tube closure defects, we conclude that LIN41 is critical for the regulation of p53 functions in cell fate specification and survival during early brain development

Myeloid Cell-Restricted Insulin Receptor Deficiency Protects Against Obesity-Induced Inflammation and Systemic Insulin Resistance

A major component of obesity-related insulin resistance is the establishment of a chronic inflammatory state with invasion of white adipose tissue by mononuclear cells. This results in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which in turn leads to insulin resistance in target tissues such as skeletal muscle and liver. To determine the role of insulin action in macrophages and monocytes in obesity-associated insulin resistance, we conditionally inactivated the insulin receptor (IR) gene in myeloid lineage cells in mice (IRΔmyel-mice). While these animals exhibit unaltered glucose metabolism on a normal diet, they are protected from the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance upon high fat feeding. Euglycemic, hyperinsulinemic clamp studies demonstrate that this results from decreased basal hepatic glucose production and from increased insulin-stimulated glucose disposal in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, IRΔmyel-mice exhibit decreased concentrations of circulating tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α and thus reduced c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity in skeletal muscle upon high fat feeding, reflecting a dramatic reduction of the chronic and systemic low-grade inflammatory state associated with obesity. This is paralleled by a reduced accumulation of macrophages in white adipose tissue due to a pronounced impairment of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 expression and activity in these cells. These data indicate that insulin action in myeloid cells plays an unexpected, critical role in the regulation of macrophage invasion into white adipose tissue and in the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance

Pemberlakuan Ketentuan Pidana Bagi Pelaku Tindak Pidana Keterbukaan Informasi Publik

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pemberlakuan ketentuan pidana bagi pelaku tindak pidana keterbukaan informasi publik dan bagaimana bentuk-bentuk informasi yang dikecualikan untuk dibuka kepada pemohon informasi publik. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif, disimpulkan: 1. Perbuatan pidana yang telah terbukti secara melanggar peraturan perundang-undangan, maka pemberlakuan ketentuan pidana, seperti pidana kurungan, pidana penjara dan pidana denda sesuai dengan bentuk perbuatan pidana yang telah terbukti dilakukan oleh pelaku tindak pidana. 2. Bentuk-bentuk informasi yang dikecualikan untuk dibuka kepada pemohon informasi publik, seperti diantaranya menghambat proses penegakan hukum, menghambat proses penyelidikan dan penyidikan, mengungkapkan identitas informan, pelapor, saksi, dan/atau korban yang mengetahui adanya tindak pidana, termasuk mengungkapkan data intelijen kriminal dan rencana-rencana yang berhubungan dengan pencegahan dan penanganan segala bentuk kejahatan transnasional serta membahayakan keselamatan dan kehidupan penegak hukum dan/atau keluarganya; dan/atau membahayakan keamanan peralatan, sarana, dan/atau prasarana penegak hukum dan informasi lainnya yang tidak dapat diberikan kepada pemohon informasi publik sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Kata kunci:  Pemberlakuan Ketentuan Pidana, Pelaku, Keterbukaan Informasi Publi

INHIBITORY TEST ANTIMICROBIAL OF SEAWEED EXTRACT FROM Padina sp. AGAINST THE GROWTH OF Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli AND Salmonella thypimirium

The content of secondary metabolites of seaweed as an antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and sitotastik have great potential as a source of cure various diseases. Padina sp is one of brown algae which is potential to be a natural antibacterial agent. This research aims to determine the inhibitory potency of Padina sp. extract on the growth of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella thypimirium bacterial. The extraction Padina sp using methanol as the solvent while the treated samples dilution of 0, 5, 10 and 50. Then measuring the inhibition by paper disc methods. Result showed that the diameter methanol extract of seaweed Padina sp. against bacterial the growth inhibition of E. coli each            26.5 mm with the very strong barriers response and 17.5 mm were classified as strong; on the growth of Salmonella thypimirium bacteria by 19 mm with a response barriers that were moderate but not have inhibitory effect on the growth of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus bacterial

PENINGKATAN MUTU BAGEA SAPARUA DENGAN FORTIFIKASI SURIMI DAN KARAGINAN

Penelitian  ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh  formulasi  terbaik dari  fortifkasi  surimi dan karaginan yang dapat meningkatkan mutu bagea Saparua. Penelitian ini dibagi dalam 3 tahapan kegiatan, yaitu : tahap pembuatan surimi;  pembuatan bagea dengan formulasi surimi (5%, 10%, 15%, dan 20%) dan karaginan (2%, 3%, 4%) serta pengamatan mutu terhadap organoleptik menggunakan skala hedonik, uji kimiawi (proksimat, serat kasar, amilosa, amilopektin) dan fsika (profl tekstur) bagea. Berdasarkan penilaian organoleptik menunjukkan bahwa  fortifkasi  15%  surimi  dan  3%  karaginan  merupakan  formulasi  yang  disukai  panelis  dan  mampu meningkatkan mutu gizi bagea Saparua yaitu mengandung 11,56% protein; 2,48% abu; 7,21% serat kasar; 2,74% kadar  air;  7,33%  lemak;  dan  nilai  profl  tekstur  kekerasan  dan  kerenyahan  berturut-turut  sebesar  4367,90gf dan  2350,77gf.  Kisaran  kadar  amilosa  terendah  sampai  tertinggi  adalah  23,78  sampai  29,48  g/100g.  Kadar amilopektin yaitu antara 40,97 sampai 47,75 g/100g. Bagea Saparua  fortifkasi potensial untuk dikembangkan sebagai  oleh-oleh  khas  daerah  Maluku  Tengah  dan  mampu  memberi  sumbangan  gizi  protein  masyarakat

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENDAPATAN USAHA MIKRO KECIL (UMK) DI KOTA MANADO

ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh modal usaha, lokasi usaha, pelatihan dan promosi produk secara bersama-sama terhadap pendapatan usaha mikro kecil (UMK) di Kota Manado. Adapun secara teoritis factor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pendapatan usaha mikro kecil (UMK) di Kota Manado. Kemampuan pedagang, yaitu mampu tidaknya seorang pedagang dalam mempengaruhi pembeli barang dagangannya dan mendapatkan hasil yang diharapkan. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan sekunder. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modal berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pendapatan. Lokasi usaha berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pendapatan. Pelatihan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pendapatan. Promosi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pendapatan para pelaku usaha mikro kecil (UMK) di Kota Manado. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa modal usaha, lokasi usaha, pelatihan dan promosi produk mampu meningkatkan pendapatan pelaku usaha mikro kecil. Kata Kunci : Modal, Lokasi Usaha, Pelatihan, Promosi, Pendapatan Usaha Mikro Kecil  (UMK) ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of business capital, business location, training and product promotion together on the income of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in Manado City. As for the theoretical factors that affect the income of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in Manado City. The ability of traders, namely whether or not a trader is able to influence buyers of his merchandise and get the expected results. The data used in this study are primary and secondary data. The analytical tool used is multiple regression analysis. The results showed that capital had a positive and significant effect on income. Business location has a positive and significant effect on income. Training has a positive and significant effect on income. Promotion has a positive and significant effect on the income of micro and small entrepreneurs (MSEs) in Manado City. It can be concluded that business capital, business location, training and product promotion can increase the income of micro and small entrepreneurs. Keywords: Capital, Business Location, Training, Promotion, Income of Micro and Small Enterprises (UMK

Antioxidant Activity and Isolation of Bioactive Compounds from Seaweed of Silpau (Dyctyosphaeria sp)

Seaweed is the key to developing habitat in deep sea, coastal, and estuarine environments. Seaweed, humans, and animals have been interrelated since the beginning, especially as a food source of fiber, protein, vitamins, antioxidants, and bioactive compounds. Natural antioxidants are seen as a superior and safe method of fighting free radicals. Sources of antioxidants usually come from land plants and rarely from seaweed. Silpau is a seaweed and a local food ingredient in Maluku Province, Indonesia, and has the potential as an antioxidant. Antioxidant and bioactive compounds are needed by humans and animals as antibodies to fight various negative influences from the environment. This research aimed to isolate and characterize active antioxidant compounds and the toxicity of silpau extracts. The extraction of the active compound begins with a single maceration method for 3 x 24 hours with methanol solvent, processing with the partition extraction method for subfraction separation using column chromatography with the silica gel stationary phase and the mobile phase solvent n-hexane: ethyl acetate with a ratio (50: 1 ~ 1: 1) gradient. The sample toxicity was tested using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test method. The trial activity used the Free Radical Reduction method with 2,2-diphenyl-1-pikrilhidrazil as a reagent. This research succeeded in isolating one bioactive compound from the glare green macroalgae. Based on the phytochemical analysis and FT-IR spectrophotometer, sub-fraction IV was identified as a triterpenoid class of compounds that has an IC50 value of 126,582 μg / ml and is considered an antioxidant

FAN, a Novel WD-Repeat Protein, Couples the p55 TNF-Receptor to Neutral Sphingomyelinase

AbstractThe initiation of intracellular signaling events through the 55 kDa tumor necrosis factor–receptor (TNF-R55) appears to depend on protein intermediates that interact with specific cytoplasmic domains of TNF-R55. By combined use of the yeast interaction trap system and a peptide scanning library, the novel WD-repeat protein FAN has been identified, which specifically binds to a cytoplasmic nine amino acid binding motif of TNF-R55. This region has been previously recognized as a distinct functional domain that is both required and sufficient for the activation of neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase). Overexpression of full-length FAN enhanced N-SMase activity in TNF–treated cells, while truncated mutants of FAN produced dominant negative effects. The data suggest that FAN regulates ceramide production by N-SMase, which is a crucial step in TNF signaling

KARAKTERISASI KOLAGEN GELEMBUNG RENANG TUNA SIRIP KUNING (Thunnus albacares) DARI PERAIRAN MALUKU MENGGUNAKAN EKSTRAKSI ASAM (Collagen Characterization from Swim Bladder of Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) from Maluku using Acid Extraction)

Swim bladders is part of byproduct from fish processing industry that contain high collagen protein. One effort to increase the added value of swim bladders is to process them into collagen extracts. The swim bladders was derived from yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) as the dominant catch in Maluku. This research aimed to determine the characteristics of collagen extracts from the waste of swim bladders of yellowfin tuna which included proportion, chemical composition, amino acids and molecular weight. Swim bladders were extracted using 0.5 M and 0.75 M acetic acid. Waste swim bladders of yellowfin tuna has 0.35% of fish weights with 20.27% protein content. The acid extraction yielded collagen that identified as type I collagen with molecular weight between 130-145 kDa. Collagen extraction from swim bladders of yellowfin tuna gave best result using 0.5 M acetic acid which contains 456.40 mg/g proline, glycine 1175.05 mg/g and alanine 338.66 mg/g.Keywords: acetic acid, collagen, swim bladder, yellowfin tuna ABSTRAKGelembung renang merupakan bagian dari limbah hasil samping industri pengolahan ikan yang mengandung protein kolagen tinggi. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah pada gelembung renang adalah dengan mengolahnya menjadi ekstrak kolagen. Gelembung renang yang diteliti berasal dari ikan tuna sirip kuning (Thunnus albacares) sebagai hasil tangkapan dominan di Maluku. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik ekstrak kolagen dari limbah gelembung renang ikan tuna sirip kuning yang meliputi proporsi, komposisi kimia, asam amino dan berat molekul. Gelembung renang diekstraksi menggunakan asam asetat 0,5 M dan 0,75 M. Limbah gelembung renang ikan tuna sirip kuning memiliki proporsi 0,35% dari seluruh bobot ikan dengan kandungan protein 20,27%. Proses ekstraksi asam menghasilkan kolagen yang teridentifikasi sebagai kolagen tipe I dengan berat molekul antara 130-145 kDa. Ekstraksi kolagen dari gelembung renang ikan tuna sirip kuning memberikan hasil terbaik pada ekstraksi menggunakan asam asetat 0,5 M dimana kandungan prolin 456,40 mg/g, glisin 1175,05 mg/g dan alanin 338,66 mg/g.Kata kunci: asam asetat, gelembung renang, ikan tuna sirip kuning, kolage