GaN-based Semiconductor devices with Multichannel Structures

Semiconductor junctions, for example, pn-intersection and Schottky intersection have been very significant as essential components for different semiconductor gadgets. The break-down voltage of the junction PN-intersection relies upon the polluting influence fixations in semiconductors. An opposite voltage is supported in the exhaustion layer thickness which is corresponding to the square of base voltage. The breakdown happens, when the electric field with an intersection arrives at the semiconductor regardless of whether the consumption layer can be extended substantially. To accomplish higher go down voltage, a wide band hole semiconductor, for example, silicon carbide has been examined. The electron gadgets utilizing silicon carbide may undergo serious issues. In any case, the breakdown system of the intersection utilizing silicon carbide is as yet equivalent to that of the conventional junctions. As of late, GaN utilized electron gadgets have developed as cutting-edge high force exchanging gadgets inferable from their high breakdown field. A few papers have revealed that GaN-based HFETs is directly expanded by expanding the junction dividing between the door and channel electrodes. This conduct is unique in relation to that of the customary junctions

Stem Cell Transplantation As A Dynamical System: Are Clinical Outcomes Deterministic?

Outcomes in stem cell transplantation (SCT) are modeled using probability theory. However the clinical course following SCT appears to demonstrate many characteristics of dynamical systems, especially when outcomes are considered in the context of immune reconstitution. Dynamical systems tend to evolve over time according to mathematically determined rules. Characteristically, the future states of the system are predicated on the states preceding them, and there is sensitivity to initial conditions. In SCT, the interaction between donor T cells and the recipient may be considered as such a system in which, graft source, conditioning and early immunosuppression profoundly influence immune reconstitution over time. This eventually determines clinical outcomes, either the emergence of tolerance or the development of graft versus host disease. In this paper parallels between SCT and dynamical systems are explored and a conceptual framework for developing mathematical models to understand disparate transplant outcomes is proposed.Comment: 23 pages, 4 figures. Updated version with additional data, 2 new figures and editorial revisions. New authors adde

Determining the Quantitative Principles of T Cell Response to Antigenic Disparity in Stem Cell Transplantation

Alloreactivity compromising clinical outcomes in stem cell transplantation is observed despite HLA matching of donors and recipients. This has its origin in the variation between the exomes of the two, which provides the basis for minor histocompatibility antigens (mHA). The mHA presented on the HLA class I and II molecules and the ensuing T cell response to these antigens results in graft vs. host disease. In this paper, results of a whole exome sequencing study are presented, with resulting alloreactive polymorphic peptides and their HLA class I and HLA class II (DRB1) binding affinity quantified. Large libraries of potentially alloreactive recipient peptides binding both sets of molecules were identified, with HLA-DRB1 generally presenting a greater number of peptides. These results are used to develop a quantitative framework to understand the immunobiology of transplantation. A tensor-based approach is used to derive the equations needed to determine the alloreactive donor T cell response from the mHA-HLA binding affinity and protein expression data. This approach may be used in future studies to simulate the magnitude of expected donor T cell response and determine the risk for alloreactive complications in HLA matched or mismatched hematopoietic cell and solid organ transplantation

In Silico Derivation of HLA-Specific Alloreactivity Potential from Whole Exome Sequencing of Stem Cell Transplant Donors and Recipients: Understanding the Quantitative Immuno-biology of Allogeneic Transplantation

Donor T cell mediated graft vs. host effects may result from the aggregate alloreactivity to minor histocompatibility antigens (mHA) presented by the HLA in each donor-recipient pair (DRP) undergoing stem cell transplantation (SCT). Whole exome sequencing has demonstrated extensive nucleotide sequence variation in HLA-matched DRP. Non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in the GVH direction (polymorphisms present in recipient and absent in donor) were identified in 4 HLA-matched related and 5 unrelated DRP. The nucleotide sequence flanking each SNP was obtained utilizing the ANNOVAR software package. All possible nonameric-peptides encoded by the non-synonymous SNP were then interrogated in-silico for their likelihood to be presented by the HLA class I molecules in individual DRP, using the Immune-Epitope Database (IEDB) SMM algorithm. The IEDB-SMM algorithm predicted a median 18,396 peptides/DRP which bound HLA with an IC50 of <500nM, and 2254 peptides/DRP with an IC50 of <50nM. Unrelated donors generally had higher numbers of peptides presented by the HLA. A similarly large library of presented peptides was identified when the data was interrogated using the Net MHCPan algorithm. These peptides were uniformly distributed in the various organ systems. The bioinformatic algorithm presented here demonstrates that there may be a high level of minor histocompatibility antigen variation in HLA-matched individuals, constituting an HLA-specific alloreactivity potential. These data provide a possible explanation for how relatively minor adjustments in GVHD prophylaxis yield relatively similar outcomes in HLA matched and mismatched SCT recipients.Comment: Abstract: 235, Words: 6422, Figures: 7, Tables: 3, Supplementary figures: 2, Supplementary tables:

PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES AND PHARMACOGNOSTICAL EVALUATION OF ZINGIBER CASSUMUNAR ROXB

  Objective: Zingiber Cassumunar Roxb is a well known medicinal plant employed to cure various diseases were reported to possess good medicinal value in traditional system of medicine. The present investigation deals with microscopic, macroscopic and preliminary phytochemical investigation of rhizome to give clear standards for identification of the drug.Method: For the microscopic evaluation, the powder was soaked in a solution of 20% chloral hydrate and then mounted on a glass slide with the help of glycerine. The mounted slides were then observed under a photographic microscope. Microscopic sections were cut by free hand sectioning.Result: The research paper study revealed that the yellow colour inside the rhizome is the main characteristic feature. The presence of central cylinder region containing yellow coloured oleo-resin and oil cells in cortex are the main characteristic feature. The presence irregularly rounded, ovoid starch grains and oil globulues situtated inside the parenchyma are the distinguishing features and can be used as anatomical markers. Rhizome powder showed some of the characteristic features such as starch grains with a rounded shape situated at narrow end and parenchymatous cells with characteristically wrinkled wall, air spaces. Cork, cortex, cork cells, and floem fibres also shows pharmacognostical characteristics of Z. cassumunar Roxb. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of the rhizomes revealed the presence of glycosides, sterols, triterpenes, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, amino acids and volatile oils.Conclusion:The present study signifies the use of TLC (Thin layer chromatography) profiles for determining the identity of active chemical constituents

AutoCure: Automated Tabular Data Curation Technique for ML Pipelines

Machine learning algorithms have become increasingly prevalent in multiple domains, such as autonomous driving, healthcare, and finance. In such domains, data preparation remains a significant challenge in developing accurate models, requiring significant expertise and time investment to search the huge search space of well-suited data curation and transformation tools. To address this challenge, we present AutoCure, a novel and configuration-free data curation pipeline that improves the quality of tabular data. Unlike traditional data curation methods, AutoCure synthetically enhances the density of the clean data fraction through an adaptive ensemble-based error detection method and a data augmentation module. In practice, AutoCure can be integrated with open source tools, e.g., Auto-sklearn, H2O, and TPOT, to promote the democratization of machine learning. As a proof of concept, we provide a comparative evaluation of AutoCure against 28 combinations of traditional data curation tools, demonstrating superior performance and predictive accuracy without user intervention. Our evaluation shows that AutoCure is an effective approach to automating data preparation and improving the accuracy of machine learning models

Purple Bush-Bean Macroptilium atropurpureum (Fabaceae): a new larval host plant for Euchrysops cnejus (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in South Asia

Purple Bush-Bean Macroptilium atropurpureum, an introduced perennial legume, native to the Americas, is recorded here as a new host plant for the common South Asian Lycaenid Euchrysops cnejus (Fabricius) in India. Butterflies were observed laying eggs on the new flower buds, and caterpillars feeding on flower buds and leaves of Macroptilium atropurpureum.  To cite: Payra, A.,Philip, J.G., Bhatt, C. &amp; Koparde, P. 2025. Purple Bush-Bean Macroptilium atropurpureum (Fabaceae): a new larval host plant for Euchrysops cnejus (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in South Asia. Israel Journal of Entomology 54: 1–4. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14690423urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:04A01AAB-8C6D-4F85-BB6D-D4B0B233A36

Natural Products in Drug Discovery

Drug discovery using natural products is a challenging task for designing new leads. It describe the bioactive compounds derived from natural resources, its phytochemical analysis, characterization and pharmacological investigation. It focuses on the success of these resources in the process of finding and discovering new and effective drug compounds that can be useful for human resources. From many years, natural products have been acting as a source of therapeutic agents and have shown beneficial uses. Only natural product drug discovery plays an important role to develop the scientific evidence of these natural resources. Research in drug discovery needs to develop robust and viable lead molecules, which step forward from a screening hit to a drug candidate through structural elucidation and structure identification through GC–MS, NMR, IR, HPLC, and HPTLC. The development of new technologies has revolutionized the screening of natural products in discovering new drugs. Utilizing these technologies gives us an opportunity to perform research in screening new molecules using a software and database to establish natural products as a major source for drug discovery. It finally leads to lead structure discovery. Powerful new technologies are revolutionizing natural herbal drug discovery