Ancestrais enquanto pessoas mais velhas do grupo de parentesco na África

.traduzido deKOPYTOFF, Igor. Ancestors as Elders in Africa. Africa, v. 51, p. 129-142, 1971.tradutoras: Claudia Fioretti Bongianino / Denise Ferreira da Costarevisora: Juliana Braz Dia

Moral Economies of Food in Cuba

The way people produce, exchange and consume food in Cuba is underwritten by cultural and political economic rules as well as economic self-interest. These "rules" are not just formed from the top down, but also from the bottom up, though, as I will explain in this paper, norms established by what I call the national moral economy often give cultural form to local practices of food provisioning. Despite extreme scarcities in the early 1990s and continuing difficulties obtaining food in the present dual economy, Cubans often frame farming and household provisioning in terms of the national moral economy. The latter is, in turn, structured by values that have developed in Cuba over time such as asceticism and hard work

Entre consumos suntuários e comuns: a posse de objetos exóticos entre alguns habitantes do Porto (séculos XVI – XVII)

O estudo da documentação referente aos doadores da Misericórdia do Porto entre os séculos XVI e XVII, através dos objetos exóticos patentes nos respectivos testamentos e inven- tários – estes últimos provenientes de uma área que se estende de Macau ao Brasil –, permite discernir uma panóplia de objetos que mudaram a cultura material dos portuenses em contato com os territórios da expansão portuguesa. Um levantamento sistemático permitiu já rastrear, até o ano de 1699, 257 doadores, dos quais se apresentarão aqui apenas alguns, referentes a benfeitores que, não obstante possuírem bens móveis nesse âmbito, não são dados como tendo estado nos territórios de expansão transoceânica. Argumentar-se-á que essa circulação de objetos não foi exclusiva das elites nobiliárquicas, nem dos grandes centros urbanos, pelo que a sua difusão atingiu maiores proporções do que aquelas que a historiografia tem admitido até agora. A cidade em observação neste estudo – o Porto dos séculos XVI e XVII – estava longe de ser das maiores da Europa nesse período, quer em dimensão territorial, quer em efetivos populacionais, embora se situasse numa região de demografia pujante, que canalizou os seus excedentes desde cedo para a emigração interna e externa – o Entre Douro e Minho. Como teremos ocasião de verificar, fidalgos e nobres possuíam bens exóticos, mas estes encontravam-se também entre mercadores e até artesãos mais desafogados. Por outro lado, nem todos os objetos provenientes dos espaços da expansão transoceânica devem ser conotados com bens de luxo.The study of the sources referring to the donors of the Misericórdia of the city of Porto during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries has revealed the presence of numerous exotic objects in their last wills and inventories. A survey has traced 257 donors until 1699, some of them having died in an area that extends from Macao to Brazil. Only a small number of cases shall be presented here, pertaining to benefactors who, in spite of owning objects of transoceanic origin, seem to have remained in mainland Portugal. It shall be argued that the circulation of objects has not been exclusive either to the elites of the nobility or to the large urban centres, their diffusion having been on a larger scale than what has been admitted until now. The city under scrutiny in this study – Porto during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries – was not one of the bigger cities in this period, either in what respects to size or population, although it was located in an area of flourishing demography, that channelled its surplus population early on to internal and external emigration. Fidalgos and noblemen owned exotic goods, but these were to be found among merchants and even well-to-do artisans. On the other hand, not all objects originating from the areas of transoceanic expansion should be considered as luxury goods.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The Research Climate in Francophone West Africa and Liberia (Report on a Mission for the Research Liaison Committee of the African Studies Association in June-July, 1967)

The mission was designed in part as a follow-up and in part as a complement to Professor Philip D. Curtin's research liaison visit to western Africa in 1965 on behalf of the Association. Senegal, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Tchad, and Cameroun were revisited. The previously unvisited Central African Republic, Dahomey, Niger, and Upper Volta were added to the itinerary. Difficulties in flight scheduling and unexpected delays during the trip ruled out the planned visits to Gabon and Togo. The goals of the mission were as follows: (1) to establish or renew contacts with universities, research institutes, appropriate government authorities, African and expatriate researchers, and American scholars currently engaged in research in Africa; (2) to make known the existence of the Research Liaison Committee (and sometimes, as it turned out, of the ASA as well) as a two-way clearing house for Africanist research information; (3) to establish more regular means of exchanging information with institutions in Africa on current and planned research, so as to make possible some informal coordination of research plans among scholars; (4) to determine the existing formal procedures (if any) for researchers from abroad; and (5) to convey back to the Africanist community in the United States some of the feelings, attitudes, and suggestions from these countries.</jats:p