Kajian Potensi Ekonomi Masyarakat Nelayan di Kabupaten Kep. Sitaro (Studi Kasus Siau Barat)

KAJIAN POTENSI EKONOMI MASYARAKAT NELAYAN DI KABUPATEN KEP. SITARO (STUDI KASUS SIAU BARAT) Vecky A.J.Masinambow, Jacline I.Sumual, Krest D.Tolosang Ekonomi Pembangunan-Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Sam Ratulangi Email : [email protected] ABSTRAK Tujuan yang akan di capai dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi Ekonomi Masyarakat Nelayan yang ada di wilayah Kabupaten Kepulauan Siau Barat ,Mengkaji kaitan antara potensi dan masalah sehingga dapat disusun strategi pengembangan kehidupan perekonomian masyarakat nelayan di Kabupaten Kepulauan Sitaro (Studi Kasus Siau Barat). Manfaat Penelitian Sebagai input atau bahan masukan dan pertimbangan bagi pemerintah Kabupatan Kepulauan Sitaro dalam perencanaan pembangunan wilayah terutama pembangunan ekonomi bagi masyarakat di kawasan pesisir Yakni Masyarakat Nelayan. Hasil penelitian ini berupa Publikasi Artikel Ilmiah dalam Jurnal Terakreditasi yang dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber publikasi bagi Pemerintah Kabupaten Kepulauan Sitaro atau bagi SKPD yang memiliki kaitan dengan pengembangan ekonomi kawasan pesisir di Kabupaten Kepulauan Sitaro. Kata Kunci : Potensi Ekonomi, Nelayan ABSTRACT Goals to be achieved in this research is to investigate the potential for Community Economic Fishermen in the region of the Islands District Siau West, Examining the link between the potential and the problems that can be prepared the development strategy of the economic life of fishing communities in the Islands District Sitaro (Case Study Siau West). Benefit Research As an input or input and consideration for the government Kabupatan Sitaro Islands in the planning of regional development, especially economic development for the coastal Namely Fishermen Society. The results of this study are in the Journal of Scientific Publication accredited to serve as a source for the publication of the Government of the Islands District Sitaro or for SKPD, which has links with the economic development of the coastal area in Islands District Sitaro

Does Macroalgae Invasion Alter Macroinvertebrate or Macrophyte Communities in Wetland Habitats?

Macroinvertebrates play an important role in maintaining ecosystem functionality. Processes such as nutrient cycling, and primary productivity are directly linked to macroinvertebrates and their value as a food source for higher trophic levels is undeniable. Therefore, disruptions to co-evolutionary adaptations between macroinvertebrates and native macrophytes remain a concern. This study investigated patterns in macroinvertebrate richness, abundance, and functional feeding group representation, as well as plant richness and total biomass across five sites in upstate New York with varying dominance by the non-native macroalgae, Starry Stonewort (Nitellopsis obtusa). As N. obtusa proportional biomass increased, other plant community biomass declined at two of the five locations. Starry Stonewort mass had no impact on macrophyte richness. Macroinvertebrate richness declined as N. obtusa biomass increased at two of the five sampled waterways, but increased with total vegetative biomass at one site. Functional feeding group representation differed among the sample locations, but only predators showed a significant decline as percent N. obtusa biomass increased. Increasing Starry Stonewort mass may facilitate Dreissena polymorpha expansion. These findings suggest that this non-native macroalgae may alter some, though not all, plant and macroinvertebrate community metrics

KAJIAN POTENSI EKONOMI MASYARAKAT NELAYAN DI KABUPATEN KEP. SITARO (STUDI KASUS SIAU BARAT)

KAJIAN POTENSI EKONOMI MASYARAKAT NELAYAN DI KABUPATEN KEP. SITARO (STUDI KASUS SIAU BARAT) Vecky A.J.Masinambow, Jacline I.Sumual, Krest D.Tolosang Ekonomi Pembangunan-Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Sam Ratulangi Email : [email protected] ABSTRAK Tujuan  yang akan di capai dalam penelitian ini adalah  untuk mengetahui potensi Ekonomi  Masyarakat Nelayan yang ada di wilayah Kabupaten Kepulauan Siau Barat ,Mengkaji kaitan antara potensi dan masalah sehingga dapat disusun strategi pengembangan kehidupan perekonomian masyarakat nelayan  di Kabupaten Kepulauan Sitaro (Studi Kasus Siau Barat). Manfaat Penelitian Sebagai input atau bahan masukan dan pertimbangan bagi pemerintah Kabupatan Kepulauan Sitaro dalam perencanaan pembangunan wilayah terutama pembangunan ekonomi bagi masyarakat di kawasan pesisir Yakni Masyarakat Nelayan. Hasil penelitian ini berupa Publikasi Artikel Ilmiah dalam Jurnal Terakreditasi yang dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber publikasi  bagi Pemerintah Kabupaten Kepulauan Sitaro atau bagi  SKPD yang memiliki kaitan dengan pengembangan ekonomi kawasan pesisir di Kabupaten Kepulauan Sitaro. Kata Kunci : Potensi Ekonomi, Nelayan   ABSTRACT Goals to be achieved in this research is to investigate the potential for Community Economic Fishermen in the region of the Islands District Siau West, Examining the link between the potential and the problems that can be prepared the development strategy of the economic life of fishing communities in the Islands District Sitaro (Case Study Siau West). Benefit Research As an input or input and consideration for the government Kabupatan Sitaro Islands in the planning of regional development, especially economic development for the coastal Namely Fishermen Society. The results of this study are in the Journal of Scientific Publication accredited to serve as a source for the publication of the Government of the Islands District Sitaro or for SKPD, which has links with the economic development of the coastal area in Islands District Sitaro. Keywords : Economic Potential, Fisherma

Measuring and modeling the Effects of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy on Microgrid Operational Performance and Community Welfare in Haiti

While central grid extension often provides electricity at very low cost, the reliability of the central grid in less developed countries is so low that the priority given by policy makers to central grid extension must be questioned. Rather than maximizing the extent of often unreliable or simply unenergized central grid extensions, we sought to show the imperative to consider a multi-track approach to electricity access that includes microgrids and high quality solar lighting products. Through case studies and modeling efforts based on extensive empirical data, this research provides new insight to this imperative and elucidates on the nature of the challenges and solutions for microgrids to eradicate energy poverty

Reaction intermediates and molecular mechanism of Peroxynitrite activation by NO synthases

The activation of peroxynitrite (PN) by hemoproteins, which leads to its detoxification or on the contrary to the enhancement of its cytotoxic activity, is a reaction of physiological importance that is still poorly understood. It has been known for some years that the reaction of hemoproteins, notably cytochrome P450, with PN leads to the build-up of an intermediate species with a Soret band at ~435 nm (I435). The nature of this intermediate is however debated. On the one hand, I435 has been presented as a Compound-II species that can be photo-activated to Compound I. A competing alternative involves the assignment of I435 to a ferric-nitrosyl species. Alike the cytochromes P450, the build-up of I435 occurs in NO-synthases (NOSs) upon their reaction with excess PN. Interestingly, the NOS isoforms vary in their capacity to detoxify/activate PN although they all show the build-up of I435. To better understand PN activation/detoxification by heme proteins, a definitive assignment of I435 is needed. Here we used a combination of fine kinetic analysis under specific conditions (pH, PN concentrations and PN/NOSs ratios) to probe the formation of I435. These studies revealed that I435 is not formed upon homolytic cleavage of the O-O bond of PN but that it arises from side-reactions associated with excess PN. Characterization of I435 by resonance Raman spectroscopy allowed its identification as a ferric iron-nitrosyl complex. Together, our study indicates that the model used so far to depict PN interactions with hemo-thiolate proteins, i.e. leading to the formation and accumulation of Compound II, needs to be reconsidered

Cyanidase from Bacterial Sources and its Potential for the Construction of Biosensors

Because of their content of cyanogenic glycosides, many medicinal and food plants are toxic for man. If plant material containing cyanogenic glycosides gets disintegrated, cyanide is liberated by the action of different enzymes. Especially in developing countries, chronic poisoning by cyanogenic plants is a serious problem. Since probably more than 2500 plant species and also some insects contain cyanogenic glycosides, a rapid and precise method for the determination of these compounds should be developed. A biosensoric system based on an ammonia electrode and the enzyme cyanidase [EC 3.5.5.1] seems to be an effective analytical method for this class of substances and a promising alternative to an ion-selective cyanide electrode. The key-step in the development of such a sensor is the selection of a suitable cyanidase, which has been previously reported for bacteria. This biosensor should be used for screening purposes as well as for the quality control of cyanogenic medicinal and food plants. For this reason, we have examined strains of the bacteria Rhodococcus rhodochrous, Alcaligenes xylosoxidans, and Acinetobacter spec.. Strains were fed with increasing concentrations of potassium cyanide in order to induce cyanidase activity. After three cycles of selection, Alcaligenes xylosoxidans exhibited sufficient growth at cyanide concentrations up to 2´10-3 M. However, Rhodococcus rhodochrous showed excellent performance even at concentrations as high as 1 ´ 10-2 M cyanide. In addition, the latter bacterium is able to digest isovaleronitrile. No significant inhibition of growth was observed at concentrations up to 2 ´ 10-2 M isovaleronitrile. Because of cyanidase activity, Acinetobacter spec. was capable to utilize cyanide as nitrogen source. First measurements with immobilized cyanidase in a flow-through apparatus based on an ammonia electrode gave a detection limit at 0.2 mg/L cyanide. The linear range of the calibration curve was between 0.6 mg/L and 30 mg/L cyanide

A method for estimating pore water drainage from marsh soils using rainfall and well records

Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2008. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 79 (2008): 51-58, doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2008.03.014.Rainfall events during low tide exposure cause the water table in marshes to rise. If one has long time series of both rain events and water levels in wells along transects from creek bank to marsh interior, one can correlate well response with rain amount. In cases examined so far the well response is found to be a linear function of rain amount. As it is reasonable to assume that the amount of tidal infiltration required to restore the water table to the elevation of the marsh surface is equal to the amount of rain that would be required to do so, one can estimate the annual drainage of pore water from a well site by dividing the mean drawdown of the water table at low tide by the slope of the response-versus-rain regression and then multiplying the result by the number of tidal drawdowns in a year. Integration of such results along the transect then gives an estimate of the total annual drainage. An example of the use of this method is given for two well transects in a Typha and a Spartina marsh at the Plum Island Estuary Long Term Ecological Research (PIE-LTER) site in Massachusetts, USA. Both transects yielded pore water drainage rates of about 160 m3 yr-1 per meter of channel length. Although the annual volume of pore water drainage is small compared to the annual volume of the tidal prism its impact on nutrient budgets in the estuary could be large because of the high concentrations of nutrients in marsh pore waters. We also discuss the possible effects of the capillary fringe, air entrapment and tidal forcing during rain events on these results.Partial funding for this work was provided by National Science Foundation Grant Number OCE-0423565

Evaluation of the flushing rates of Apalachicola Bay, Florida via natural geochemical tracers

Author Posting. © Elsevier B.V., 2007. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Chemistry 109 (2008): 395-408, doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2007.09.001.We used naturally occurring radium isotopes as tracers of water exchange in Apalachicola Bay, a shallow coastal-plain estuary in northwestern Florida. The bay receives fresh water and radium from the Apalachicola River, and mixes with Gulf of Mexico waters through four inlets. We deployed moored buoys with attached Mn-fibers at several stations throughout the estuary during two summer and two winter periods. After deployment for at least one tidal cycle we measured the ratio of the two short-lived radium isotopes 223Ra (half-life = 11 d) and 224Ra (3.6 d) to estimate “radium ages” of the water in the bay. During our four seasonal deployments the river discharge ranged from 338 to 1016 m3 s- 1. According to our calculations the water turnover time in the bay during these samplings ranged from 6 to 12 days. Age contours in the bay showed that winds and tides as well as river discharge influence the water movement and the residence time of freshwater in the bay. We also calculated the mean age of river water in the bay which was between 5 to 9 days during the studied periods. We suggest that this approach can be used to quantify transport processes of dissolved substances in the bay. For example, soluble nutrient or pollutant transport rates from a point source could be examined. We conclude that the radium age technique is well suited for flushing rate calculations in river dominated shallow estuaries.Henrieta Dulaiova acknowledges support from the NOAA National Estuarine Research Reserve System’s Graduate Research Fellowship (Award # NA03NOS4200055). Scientific support for this research was also provided by grants from NOAA's Cooperative Institute for Coastal and Estuarine Environmental Technology, CICEET (02-606) and the National Science Foundation (OCE03-50514 and OCE05-20723)

Preparation of Mn-fiber standards for the efficiency calibration of the delayed coincidence counting system (RaDeCC)

Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2010. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Chemistry 121 (2010): 206-214, doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2010.04.009.Precise measurements of the short lived radium isotopes 223Ra and 224Ra by means of the delayed coincidence counting system (RaDeCC) rely on an efficiency calibration of this system using Mn-fiber standards for which radium activities are exactly known. We prepared seventeen different standards by placing Mn-fibers in seawater spiked with various amounts of 227Ac (with 223Ra in radioactive equilibrium), 228Th (in radioactive equilibrium with 232Th and 224Ra) and 226Ra. We tested for quantitative adsorption of 227Ac and 228Th on the Mn-fibers by: (1) measuring 227Ac and 232Th in the residual solutions after preparing the Mn-fiber standards and (2) monitoring their 223Ra and 224Ra activities over a period of ~100 days. In the residual solutions, the activities of 227Ac and 232Th were < 1.0 % and < 5.3 %, respectively, of the activities initially added to the Mn-fibers. Our results indicate that Milli-Q water washing of the Mn-fibers is the major source of our observed losses of thorium. Measurements of 227Ac standards over 1½ years indicate a significant decrease of measurable 223Ra with time prohibiting the long-term use of 227Ac Mn-fiber standards. We found the 224Ra efficiency to be independent of the range of 227Ac, 228Th and 226Ra activities on the Mn-fibers standards used. The efficiency determination for 223Ra, however, may be biased in the case of relatively high 224Ra activities due to insufficient correction of chance of coincidence. Thus we suggest using a single 227Ac Mn-fiber standard for the efficiency determination for 223Ra.M. Charette and H. Dulaiova were supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (OCE- 0751461)