Stability of lyophobic colloids : XVII. Role of adsorption of ions on the stability of the sols of hydrous ferric oxide in the medium of varying dielectric constant

The adsorption of peptising and coagulating ions play an important role in defining the stability of a sol. We have investigated here the extent to which the stability of the sols of hydrous ferric oxide is affected by a change in the dielectric constant of the dispersing medium for H^+ and SO_4^2- as stabilising and precipitating ions. It has been concluded that it is not possible to explain the sensitisation or stabilisation of a sol on the views advanced by Weiser, as the adsorption of either of the ions is found to vary according to the dielectric constant values of the dispersing medium

MEASURING THE IMPACT OF SKILL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS BY SELF-HELP GROUPS ON YOUTH EMPLOYMENT IN INDIA

Abstract The study investigates the measurable impact of skill development programs initiated by Self-Help Groups (SHGs) on youth employment in India. In recent years, skill development initiatives have gained prominence as a means to enhance employability and livelihood prospects among the youth population. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of such programs, specifically those implemented through SHGs, in addressing youth unemployment challenges. Through a combination of quantitative analysis and qualitative case studies, this research examines the extent to which skill development programs offered by SHGs contribute to improving the employability and job placement rates of young individuals. The study evaluates various dimensions, including the acquisition of relevant vocational skills, enhancement of soft skills, and provision of job-oriented training. It also delves into the factors that influence the success of these programs, such as program design, delivery mechanisms, and collaborations with local industries. Findings from this study offer insights into the strengths and limitations of SHG-driven skill development initiatives, shedding light on their role in reducing youth unemployment rates. By examining successful case studies and identifying best practices, this research provides recommendations to optimize the impact of skill development programs by SHGs. Ultimately, the research contributes to the ongoing discourse on youth employment strategies, offering valuable insights for policymakers, development practitioners, and stakeholders interested in promoting inclusive growth and sustainable livelihoods through SHGs and skill enhancement programs

Facile transformation of aromatic aldehydes to acids mediated by tetraethylammonium superoxide

805-80

Modified African Buffalo Optimization for Strategic Integration of Battery Energy Storage in Distribution Networks

This article presents a two-layer optimization scheme for simultaneous optimal allocation of wind turbines (WTs) and battery energy storage systems (BESSs) in power distribution networks. The prime objective of this formulation is to maximize the renewable hosting capacity of the system. For outer-layer, a new objective function is developed by combining multiple objectives such as annual energy loss in feeders, back-feed power, BESSs conversion losses, node voltage deviation, and demand fluctuations caused by renewables subject to various system security and reliability constraints. Furthermore, a modified variant of African buffalo optimization (ABO) introduced to overcome some of the limitations observed in its standard variant. The proposed modifications are first validated and then introduced for simultaneous optimal integration of multiple distributed energy resources in distribution systems. The proposed modified ABO is employed to determine the optimization variables of outer-layer. Whereas, a heuristic is proposed to solve the inner-layer optimization problem aiming to determine the optimal dispatch of BESSs suggested by outer-layer optimization. By considering the high investment and operating cost of BESSs, minimum energy storage capacity has been ensured during the planning stage. To present the efficacy of developed model, it is implemented on a 33-bus, benchmark test distribution system for various test cases. The comparative simulation results show that the proposed optimization model and modified ABO is very promising to improve the performance of active distribution systems

Antikonvulzivno djelovanje Schiffovih baza- derivata isatina

Schiff bases of N-methyl and N-acetyl isatin derivatives with different aryl amines have been synthesized and screened for anticonvulsant activities against maximal electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous metrazole (ScMet). N-methyl-5-bromo-3-(p-chlorophenylimino) isatin 2 exhibited anticonvulsant activity in MES and ScMet with LD50 > 600 mg kg-1, showing better activity than the standard drugs phenytoin, carbamazepine and valproic acid. Thus, compound 2 may be chosen as a prototype for development of new anticonvulsants.Schiffove baze N-metil i N-acetil derivata izatina s različitim aromatskim aminima sintetizirane su i ispitane na sposobnost suzbijanja konvulzija uzrokovanih elektrošokom (MES) i subkutanom primjenom metrazola (ScMet). N-metil-5-bromo-3-(p-klorofenilimino) izatin 2 pokazao je nisku neurotoksičnost i jače antikonvulzivno djelovanje nego standardni antikonvulzivi fenitoin, karbamazepin i valproična kiselina. Zbog toga se spoj 2 može smatrati prototipom za razvoj novih antikonvulziva

Electrogenerated superoxide induced oxidation of thiols and disulfide interchange: A functional group approach to biomimetic study

411-41

Multi-criteria decision making monarch butterfly optimization for optimal distributed energy resources mix in distribution networks

The optimal integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) is a multiobjective and complex combinatorial optimization problem that conventional optimization methods cannot solve efficiently. This paper reviews the existing DER integration models, optimization and multi-criteria decision-making approaches. Further to that, a recently developed monarch butterfly optimization method is introduced to solve the problem of DER mix in distribution systems. A new multiobjective DER integration problem is formulated to find the optimal sites, sizes and mix (dispatchable and non-dispatchable) for DERs considering multiple key performance objectives. Besides, a hybrid method that combines the monarch butterfly optimization and the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) is proposed to solve the formulated large-scale multi-criteria decision-making problem. Whilst the meta-heuristic optimization method generates non-dominated solutions (creating Pareto-front), the TOPSIS approach selects that with the most promising outcome from a large number of alternatives. The effectiveness of this approach is verified by solving single and multiobjective dispatchable DER integration problems over the benchmark 33-bus distribution system and the performance is compared with the existing optimization methods. The proposed model of DER mix and the optimization technique significantly improve the system performance in terms of average annual energy loss reduction by 78.36%, mean node voltage deviation improvement by 9.59% and average branches loadability limits enhancement by 50%, and minimized the power fluctuation induced by 48.39% renewable penetration. The proposed optimization techniques outperform the existing methods with promising exploration and exploitation abilities to solve engineering optimization problems

Oxidative cleavage of ɑ-diketones using tetraethylammonium bromide as phase transfer catalyst

88-9