Gravity waves observed from the Equatorial Wave Studies (EWS) campaign during 1999 and 2000 and their role in the generation of stratospheric semiannual oscillations

International audienceThe altitude profiles of temperature fluctuations in the stratosphere and mesosphere observed with the Rayleigh Lidar at Gadanki (13.5° N, 79.2° E) on 30 nights during January to March 1999 and 21 nights during February to April 2000 were analysed to bring out the temporal and vertical propagation characteristics of gravity wave perturbations. The gravity wave perturbations showed periodicities in the 0.5?3-h range and attained large amplitudes (4?5 K) in the mesosphere. The phase propagation characteristics of gravity waves with different periods showed upward wave propagation with a vertical wavelength of 5?7 km. The mean flow acceleration computed from the divergence of momentum flux of gravity waves is compared with that calculated from monthly values of zonal wind obtained from RH-200 rockets flights. Thus, the contribution of gravity waves towards the generation of Stratospheric Semi Annual Oscillation (SSAO) is estimated

First results from the CAWSES-India Tidal Campaign

The first CAWSES-India Tidal Campaign was conducted by the Indian scientific community during March–April 2006. The objectives of this campaign were: (1) To determine the characteristics of tides in the troposphere and lower stratosphere (0–20 km) and mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region (80–100 km), (2) to explore and identify what lower atmospheric processes drive middle atmospheric tides in the Indian continental region and (3) to provide information on those short-term variabilities of MLT tides that are likely to have an impact on the ionospheric variabilities and contribute to the upper atmospheric weather. Data sets from experiments conducted at the three low latitude radar sites, namely, Trivandrum (8.5° N, 76.9° E), Tirunelveli (8.7° N, 77.8° E) and Gadanki (13.5° N, 79.2° E) and fortnightly rocket launches from Thumba were made use of in this study. An important observational finding reported in this work is that the radar observations at Tirunelveli/Trivandrum indicate the presence of 15–20 day modulation of diurnal tide activity at MLT heights during the February–March period. A similar variation in the OLR fields in the western Pacific (120–160° longitude region) suggests a possible link between the observed tidal variabilities and the variations in the deep tropical convection through the nonmigrating tides it generates

Simulation Study for Multi-Echelon Multi-Depot Supply Chain System Using Live Data

The manufacturing industry is eager to implement the advancements of the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) due to the magnitude of the benefits it can provide. Hence, Industry 4.0 opens a wide avenue for researchers to explore possibilities in the field of the supply chain. This project focuses on building a decision framework for a supply chain system with disruptions. The impact of strategic decisions under the condition of unprecedented events for a vehicle routing problem (VRP) using simulation models is studied here. Those results help the supply chain managers in making sound decisions regarding different scenarios of disruption in VRP. To achieve this, multiple cases under different scenarios of facility disruption are considered. For all cases, the dependent parameter, namely, retailer service level and lost revenue, form the basis of the decision framework. The concept of live data is implemented by making retailer demand, current inventory at the depot, the position of the vehicle in the network and the current number of units in transit as the input data

Optimal Supply Chain Network with Multi-Echelon

The study of the effect of redistribution strategy and aggregation, on a multi-echelon supply chain network by managing demand volatility is discussed in this research. For this an operational supply chain design is considered. Multi-echelon network consisting of manufacturing plants, distribution centers, warehouses, and retailers is used to develop the case study. Aggregation strategy was analyzed in the context of single product and multi-product for a multi-period production problem under demand uncertainty. Product sourcing between echelons and distribution strategies are considered for the study. Objective was to use the redistribution strategy to optimize the objective functions for the network. The objective functions include minimization of total cost, minimization of overage and stock-out conditions, and maximization of the customer service level. The total cost function includes product flow, transportation cost and distance cost. The mathematical formulation is carried out in Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) with the help of Generic Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS). Problem formulation considers three type of demand based on volatility and uncertainty cases as high, medium, and low. The research is divided into three main phases to discuss an optimal multi-echelon supply chain network for single product using aggregation strategy

Nuclear Factor κB and Adenosine Receptors: Biochemical and Behavioral Profiling

Adenosine is produced primarily by the metabolism of ATP and mediates its physiological actions by interacting primarily with adenosine receptors (ARs) on the plasma membranes of different cell types in the body. Activation of these G protein-coupled receptors promotes activation of diverse cellular signaling pathways that define their tissue-specific functions. One of the major actions of adenosine is cytoprotection, mediated primarily via two ARs - A1 (A1AR) and A3 (A3AR). These ARs protect cells exposed to oxidative stress and are also regulated by oxidative stress. Stress-mediated regulation of ARs involves two prominent transcription factors - activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB – that mediate the induction of genes important in cell survival. Mice that are genetically deficient in the p50 subunit of NF-κB (i.e., p50 knock-out mice) exhibit altered expression of A1AR and A2AAR and demonstrate distinct behavioral phenotypes under normal conditions or after drug challenges. These effects suggest an important role for NF-κB in dictating the level of expression of ARs in vivo, in regulating the cellular responses to stress, and in modifying behavior

Enhancing the productivity of pyramid solar still utilizing repurposed finishing pads as cost-effective porous material

The primary objective of the current research is to augment the potable water yield of the solar still (SS). This objective is achieved by integrating a used brushed refinishing pad (BRP) as a porous material (PM) in the absorber basin. This integration maximizes the wet surface area due to the pad's porous nature, thereby enhancing photothermal absorption, which is the process where a material absorbs light and converts it into heat. An experimental investigation was conducted to analyze the effect of porous materials in a rectangular pyramid solar still (RPSS) regarding potable water yield and feasibility. The results were compared with those of the conventional solar still (CSS), revealing a noteworthy enhancement in the production of potable water with RPSS-PM, showing a 47.7 % increase on day one and a 48.1 % increase on the second day with a mere 10 % rise in basin water temperatures. The energy efficiency of RPSS-PM improved significantly by about 9 % on both days compared to CSS. From an economic perspective, this system's payback period (PBP) was 5.2 months, compared to 6.1 months for the CSS. Furthermore, the cost per liter (CPL) of potable water produced by the RPSS-PM was 16.6 % lower than that of the CSS. This innovative approach holds great potential for effectively addressing challenges related to water scarcity

Prediction by Promoter Logic in Bacterial Quorum Sensing

Quorum-sensing systems mediate chemical communication between bacterial cells, coordinating cell-density-dependent processes like biofilm formation and virulence-factor expression. In the proteobacterial LuxI/LuxR quorum sensing paradigm, a signaling molecule generated by an enzyme (LuxI) diffuses between cells and allosterically stimulates a transcriptional regulator (LuxR) to activate its cognate promoter (pR). By expressing either LuxI or LuxR in positive feedback from pR, these versatile systems can generate smooth (monostable) or abrupt (bistable) density-dependent responses to suit the ecological context. Here we combine theory and experiment to demonstrate that the promoter logic of pR – its measured activity as a function of LuxI and LuxR levels – contains all the biochemical information required to quantitatively predict the responses of such feedback loops. The interplay of promoter logic with feedback topology underlies the versatility of the LuxI/LuxR paradigm: LuxR and LuxI positive-feedback systems show dramatically different responses, while a dual positive/negative-feedback system displays synchronized oscillations. These results highlight the dual utility of promoter logic: to probe microscopic parameters and predict macroscopic phenotype

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly

An Introduction to Metal and Via Fill

In VLSI manufacturing, certain steps such as Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) could affect the functioning of the chip thereby affecting yield. The fill flow adds additional metal and via features to the layout so that the density of metal and vias are uniform across the layout. When metal and vias are uniformly spread across the layout, the side effects of the chemical mechanical polishing step are minimized because variation in polishing depth is minimized. Since the fill process involves addition of metal and via features to the finished layout, this could affect critical layout metrics such as timing. Therefore, it is best if the layout synthesis flow i.e. the place and route flow is made fill-aware to improve performance predictability and enable faster layout convergence. In this paper, we provide a brief overview of the fill problem, algorithms to analyze density and fill synthesis.</jats:p

Development of a Reference Architecture for streaming of Cloud infotainment system to In-Car Thin clients

The gaming industry is rolling out new gaming solutions, where games are hosted and rendered in the cloud and streamed to thin clients in 60 fps with 4K resolution. This technology enables new possibilities in extending the lifetime of existing hardware, simplifying software deployment to multiple clients, and enabling data analytics. These are topics that are of great interest to the automotive industry, where vehicles are typically in use for ten years or more. By providing solutions similar to the gaming industry, the automotive sector could address these issues. The expectation is that car users should be able to get the same gaming experience in an infotainment system as with playing it on the phone. But, it is not possible currently due to certain limitations. The video streaming from the phone to the car head unit requires devices in the head unit. Even having such a device in head-unit will not guarantee a high-quality, low latency video gaming experience because of lag issues, as when you stream your phone screen, a lot of operations are involved. Using the design science research methodology, we elicited the functional and non-functional requirements required to develop and design the architecture through semi-structured interviews. Based on the data collected from the interview and the literature study, AGL’s technical feasibility for real-time low latency content streaming was reviewed. Architectural patterns and tactics were used to design the AGL architecture, which supports streaming in both online and offline mode. Architecture evaluation using a semi-structured interview was adopted to evaluate the functional and quality attributes identified for the architecture developed