Entity-aware Joint Translation of Query and Semantic Parse

Machine translation is widely utilized to translate text between language pairs. However, the accurate recognition and translation of the entities within input text remains a challenge. Current translation models often struggle to identify entities, leading to literal and incorrect translations in queries. This disclosure describes techniques, referred to as entity-aware (EaT) that enable machine translation models to recognize entities in source text, resulting in accurate and idiomatic translations. Per the techniques, joint translation of an input query and its associated semantic parse is performed. Semantically parsed information is used as supplementary data in a manner that enables the translation model to identify entities in the query, resulting in an overall improvement to the quality of translation. The techniques can be implemented by leveraging widely available translation models and are of low computational complexity

Accuracy Evaluation Of Automated Speech Transcription Via User Feedback

Effective operation of a voice-activated virtual assistant requires accurate speech recognition. Manual determination of the accuracy of machine-generated speech transcriptions requires involvement of third parties to evaluate transcriptions of a user’s speech. Automated accuracy evaluation approaches that use machine-generated speech as input and determine quality of transcription have limited effectiveness since the machine-generated speech is a poor proxy for real-world user speech, e.g., volume of input, microphone and room characteristics, pronunciations, etc. This disclosure describes obtaining user confirmation of the transcription of a small subset user queries as performed by a virtual assistant or other applications that accept speech input. With user permission, the obtained data, e.g., the user verifying that the transcription was accurate or indicating that it was wrong, are used to rate and/or update the speech recognition technology, e.g., train speech recognition machine learning models

Impact of Race on Admission, Clinical Outcomes, and Disposition in Cholangiocarcinoma: Insights from the National Inpatient Database

BACKGROUND: Cholangiocarcinoma, malignancies arising from the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts, has increased in incidence in the United States over the past few decades. The reported incidence of cholangiocarcinomas is high, particularly in specific racial groups such as Asian and Pacific Islander patients. Race also significantly impacts disparities in healthcare utilization and clinical outcomes. Our study focused on the impact of race on admission, clinical outcomes, and disposition of cholangiocarcinoma. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of cholangiocarcinoma-related hospital admissions, using the National Inpatient Sample for the year 2022. Patients were stratified according to race into the following groups: White, African American, Hispanic, Asian or Pacific Islander, Native American, and Other. The data analysis was performed using STATA/BE version 18.5. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were applied to evaluate the relationship between race and clinical and healthcare utilization outcomes. RESULTS: In 2022, 7479 hospitalizations were recorded for cholangiocarcinoma in the United States. Among these, 65.99% were White, 13.27% Hispanic, and 10.13% African American. There was a statistically significant difference in gender distribution across racial groups (p \u3c 0.001), with males comprising the majority in all groups. Males outnumbered females in all racial groups except among the Hispanic group. Significant racial disparities in mortality were observed, with White patients showing a mortality rate of 6.69%, compared to higher rates among African American (9.76%), Native American (8.51%), and Asian or Pacific Islander (8.09%) patients, while Hispanic (5.04%) and Other (5.88%) groups had lower rates (p \u3c 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The study underscores the racial disparities among cholangiocarcinoma hospitalizations, with African American, Native American, and Asian patients facing disproportionately higher mortality and poorer in-hospital outcomes compared to White patients. This analysis highlights the healthcare strategies and policy reforms to promote equitable treatment by mitigating these disparities and to improve cholangiocarcinoma outcomes

Respiratory enzymes of the silkmoth Antheraea pernyi in relation to metamorphosis and pupal diapause

1. 1. Wing epidermis from diapausing and non-diapausing silkmoths (Antheraea pernyi) was assayed for NADH [nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced form)] oxidase, NADH- and succinate-cyctochrome c reductases, and cytochrome c oxidase.2. 2. Diapausing pupae showed a marked decline in activities after pupation and the same subsequent profile of very low activities reported for diapausing Cecropia silkmoths.3. 3. Non-diapausing pupae showed only a slight and transient decline after pupation and otherwise retained relatively high activities throughout metamorphosis.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/22213/1/0000646.pd

Properties and inhibition of thymidylate synthetase in Drosophila melanogaster

A quantitative comparison of the incorporation of methyl-3H-thymidine and 6-3H-deoxyuridine into the DNA of Drosophila melanogaster in the presence and in the absence of 5-fluorouracil indicated that 5-fluorouracil inhibits the reaction converting dUMP to dTMP catalysed by thymidylate synthetase (methylenetetrahydrofolate:dUrd-5'-P C-methyltransferase, E.C. 2.1.1.b). The enzyme exhibits maximal activity at pH 7[middle dot]5 to 8[middle dot]0 and is protected from heat inactivation by deoxyuridine monophosphate. The addition of thiol compounds to the homogenization buffer results in the enhancement of synthetase activity. The Km values for deoxyuridine monophosphate and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate are 6[middle dot]8 x 10-6 M and 8[middle dot]3 x 10-5 M, respectively. Fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate, trifluoromethyldeoxyuridine monophosphate, and methotrexate are inhibitors of the enzyme. 5-Bromodeoxyuridine and 5-iododeoxyuridine have no inhibitory effect. The results support the contention that, under conditions which induce morphological lesions in Drosophila, fluorinated pyrimidines and methotrexate inhibit the de novo synthesis of thymidylate whereas thymidine analogues function in some other manner.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/22328/1/0000773.pd

INJURY INDUCED MOLTING IN GALLERIA MELLONELLA LARVAE

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