Organic and conventional public food procurement for youth in Norway

In Norway, public procurement of food to youth is not well developed in comparison to many other European and Scandinavian countries. School meals are only offered in very few primary schools, and the common school meal is a packed lunch (sandwiches) brought from home, consumed in the class room. Subscription schemes for milk were introduced around 1970, and for fruit around 1995. Organic milk and fruit is offered only in some regions. Since 2007, fruit is served without payment in all schools with a lower secondary level (class 8-10 or 1-10). This effort was introduced as a first step to develop a free school meal in all public schools, which is a goal of one of the political parties in the current government. As in many other European countries, free school meals were offered (especially to poor children) in schools in the larger Norwegian cities around 1900. However, these meals were criticised for being unhealthy, and replaced by whole grain bread, milk and vegetables around 1930. Increasing private wealth, and increased demand for investments in school buildings, books etc changed the public priority and free school meals disappeared in Oslo around 1960. Today, there is not a general agreement about the optimal school meal composition, and whether or not the meals should be funded by the public. However, the increasing length of the school day and unsatisfactory scores of Norwegian pupils in international comparison tests (e.g. PISA) makes the school meal sector highly relevant in the public debate. Three cases that will be studied in a research project about public organic food procurement for youth are briefly described: The municipality of Trondheim, Øya music festival in Oslo and the Air Force Academy. (Increased) serving of organic food is an important aim in all these cases, and young people are an important target group. The report is produced within the project “innovative Public Organic food Procurement for Youth”, iPOPY, and will be updated and revised during the project period (2007-2010)

iPOPY – innovative Public Organic food Procurement for Youth. School meals – and more!

One of eight pilot projects in the European CORE Organic programme, innovative Public Organic food Procurement for Youth, (iPOPY) will study efficient ways of implementing organic food in public serving outlets for young people (2007-10). By analysing practical cases of school meal systems and other food serving outlets for youth, we will identify hindrances and promoting factors in the participating countries (Denmark, Finland, Italy and Norway). Policies, supply chains, certification systems, the young consumers’ perception and participation, and health effects of implementation of organic policies and menus are focussed in iPOPY. The main aim is to suggest efficient policies and comprehensive strategies to increase the consumption of organic food among young consumers in a public setting, and fostering sustainable nutrition. Interdisciplinary project tools under development will be presented along with the first project results, which will be available by June 2008

Final report for 1881 Innovative Public Organic food Procurement for Youth (iPOPY)

The transnational research project iPOPY (innovative Public Organic food Procurement for Youth)has studied public food serving for young people in five European countries (Denmark, Finland,Germany, Italy and Norway), to reveal efficient strategies and policies for implementing organic food. In this way, the project would contribute to increase the consumption of organic products in Europe. Significant consumption of organic food among youth has been achieved especially in Italy, where 40 % (by weight) of the school food is organic. Public regulations demanding that municipalities should prioritize organic and otherwise certified food (local, typical, fair trade) have been very useful to establish this situation. A large consumption of organic food in schools is easiest achieved in “captive catering” situations, where all or most pupils participate in the food service. Highly flexible systems with many options may reduce the food quality because the demand will be highly variable, and a stable high quality school food production is then difficult to plan and develop. A “captive catering” of complete meals will increase the volume of food consumed, and the possibilities to link the food consumption to food education. Caring for people’s health, the environment and organic food and agriculture are all tendencies pulling in the same direction. Schools with a dedicated organic food policy are also more active to promote healthy eating among the pupils in general. Organic food in schools should be linked to concepts such as sustainable development and sustainable nutrition, and embedded as a “whole school approach”. Sustainable development is a general educational aim for the basic education in all studied countries, and organic food in schools has a large potential to contribute in the teaching of sustainability

Integrated mapping of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in a patient-derived xenograft model of glioblastoma

Therapeutic options for the treatment of glioblastoma remain inadequate despite concerted research efforts in drug development. Therapeutic failure can result from poor permeability of the blood-brain barrier, heterogeneous drug distribution, and development of resistance. Elucidation of relationships among such parameters could enable the development of predictive models of drug response in patients and inform drug development. Complementary analyses were applied to a glioblastoma patient-derived xenograft model in order to quantitatively map distribution and resulting cellular response to the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib. Mass spectrometry images of erlotinib were registered to histology and magnetic resonance images in order to correlate drug distribution with tumor characteristics. Phosphoproteomics and immunohistochemistry were used to assess protein signaling in response to drug, and integrated with transcriptional response using mRNA sequencing. This comprehensive dataset provides simultaneous insight into pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and indicates that erlotinib delivery to intracranial tumors is insufficient to inhibit EGFR tyrosine kinase signaling.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (U54 CA210180)MIT/Mayo Physical Sciences Center for Drug Distribution and Drug Efficacy in Brain TumorsDana-Farber Cancer Institute (PLGA Fund)Lundbeck FoundationNovo Nordisk Foundatio

Klær og sko i referansebudsjettet

Denne rapporten presenterer arbeidet med å oppdatere forbruksområdet klær og sko i det norske referansebudsjettet. Målet med oppdateringen er å vurdere om grunnlaget for budsjettpostene fortsatt er relevant og om det er behov for endringer eller justeringer når det gjelder inkluderte produkter, mengde og antatt brukstid. Flere informasjonskilder er benyttet i gjennomgangen. Anbefalinger fra offentlige myndigheter, eksperter og fagpersoner har gitt retningslinjer for innholdet i budsjettpostene. Videre støtter rapporten seg på informasjon samlet gjennom fokusgruppeintervjuer og fra større forskningsprosjekter om klesforbruk på SIFO. Oppdateringen av klær og sko i referansebudsjettet 2024 skal reflektere et akseptabelt forbruksnivå. Målet har vært å sikre at utvalget av klær og sko gir individer mulighet til å delta i sosiale, kulturelle og fysiske aktiviteter på en måte som oppleves som normal og inkluderende i det norske samfunnet. Budsjettet reflekterer en varekurv med produkter som er funksjonelle, rimelige og tilgjengelige over hele landet. Det skal dekke behov for alle årstider, aktiviteter og anledninger, være nøktern og praktisk, men ikke påvirket av mote eller trender. Gjennomgangen har resultert i flere endringer i varekurven klær og sko. Antatt brukstid, spesielt når det gjelder produkter til barn, og mengder for flere produkter er endret. Enkelte produkter er lagt til og noen produkter foreslås flyttet til andre forbruksområder. Det er også samlet inn nye priser for samtlige produkter i 2025. Engelsk: This report details the reviewing and updating of the category “clothing and footwear” in the Norwegian reference budget. The primary objective of the review is to evaluate the continued relevance of the basket’s content and determine whether adjustments are necessary regarding the inclusion of products, their quantities and assumed durability. Multiple sources of information contribute to this review process. Recommendations from public authorities, experts and professionals within the relevant consumption areas provide clear guidance for defining the content of the basket. Additionally, insights gathered through focus group interviews and major research projects on clothing consumption at SIFO form integral components of the review. This update on clothing and footwear in the Norwegian reference budget reflects an acceptable level of consumption. The aim has been to ensure that the selection of clothing and footwear enables individuals to participate in social, cultural and physical activities in a way regarded normal and inclusive in the Norwegian society. The budget reflects a basket of goods consisting of functional and affordable products, accessible throughout the country. It is intended to meet the needs for all seasons, activities and occasions, and to be modest and practical, without being influenced by fashion or trends. The review has yielded noteworthy changes. The assumed lifespan, particularly for children’s wear, as well as the quantities for several items, have been revised. Certain products have been added, and we have proposed that some items are reallocated to other consumption categories. Updated prices for all products included in the basket have been collected in 2025. Finansiert av Barne- og familiedepartementet

Type of headache at onset and risk for complications in reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome

Background: In a recent Italian study, 30% of patients with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) presented without thunderclap headache (TCH), and tended to present more severe forms of RCVS than patients with TCH. We aimed to analyze the risk for complications of RCVS in patients with and without TCH at onset. Methods: In a pooled cohort of 345 French patients with RCVS, we compared patients with and without TCH at onset regarding rates of neurological complications, and the functional outcome at 3 months. Results: As compared to the 281 patients with TCH at onset, the 64 patients without TCH had a higher risk for any neurological complication (61% vs. 24%, OR 4.9, 95% CI 2.8-8.7, p < 0.001). The association was strongest for cervical artery dissections (28% vs. 5%, OR 8.1, 95% CI 3.7-17.6, p < 0.001), followed by posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (17% vs. 3%, OR 7.1, 95% CI 2.7-18.4, p < 0.001), seizures (9% vs. 2.5%, OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.3-12.5, p = 0.019), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (41% vs. 16%, OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.9-6.3, p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, the risk for any neurological complication remained significantly elevated in the absence of TCH (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.8-6.8, p < 0.001). The functional outcome was equal in both groups, with a modified Rankin scale score of 0-1 in ≥90% of patients. Conclusions: Absence of TCH at onset might predict a higher risk of complications in RCVS. Our results warrant further multicentric studies to prove this finding

Reconstruction of primary vertices at the ATLAS experiment in Run 1 proton–proton collisions at the LHC

This paper presents the method and performance of primary vertex reconstruction in proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment during Run 1 of the LHC. The studies presented focus on data taken during 2012 at a centre-of-mass energy of √s=8 TeV. The performance has been measured as a function of the number of interactions per bunch crossing over a wide range, from one to seventy. The measurement of the position and size of the luminous region and its use as a constraint to improve the primary vertex resolution are discussed. A longitudinal vertex position resolution of about 30μm is achieved for events with high multiplicity of reconstructed tracks. The transverse position resolution is better than 20μm and is dominated by the precision on the size of the luminous region. An analytical model is proposed to describe the primary vertex reconstruction efficiency as a function of the number of interactions per bunch crossing and of the longitudinal size of the luminous region. Agreement between the data and the predictions of this model is better than 3% up to seventy interactions per bunch crossing

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Utredning av kunnskapsgrunnlaget for sosialhjelpssatser

samlet inn og analysert: Nasjonale råd og anbefalinger som har betydning for hva som bør inngå i et forsvarlig livsopphold, spørreundersøkelsedata av 1511 nåværende og tidligere mottakere av økonomisk sosialhjelp, 20 dybdeintervjuer med sosialhjelpsmottakere, seks intervjuer med Nav-veiledere. En behovsbasert tilnærming har blitt brukt for å operasjonalisere behov som bør dekkes for å ha et forsvarlig livsopphold og for å beregne budsjetter for personer som mottar sosialhjelp som hovedinntektskilde i inntil ett år. Vårt foreslåtte budsjett omfatter utgifter til helt grunnleggende behov som mat, personlig hygiene, klær og skotøy, kommunikasjon og husholdningsartikler i hjemmet, og som tar også høyde for løpende utgifter som fritid og grunnleggende sosiale behov. Andre nødvendige utgifter som varierer mye eller har for høy pris er ikke inkludert vårt foreslåtte budsjett. Vår vurdering er at dagens veiledende satser er for lave å opprettholde et forsvarlig livsopphold. Vi anbefaler vi å gjøre mer presise og hyppigere prisjusteringer av sosialhjelpssatsene, gjøre nye vurderinger av forbruksområdene ytelsen omfatter hvert femte år og dele opp brukergruppen «Barn 11-17 år» i to undergrupper: Barn 11-14 år og Barn 15-17 år.This report examines what constitutes a reasonable livelihood in today's Norway. The following data sources have been collected and analysed: National advices and recommendations that are relevant for what should be included in a reasonable livelihood, survey data of 1,511 current and former recipients of financial assistance, 20 in-depth interviews with social assistance recipients, six interviews with Nav supervisors. Employing a needs-based approach, the purpose is to operationalize needs that should be met in order to have a reasonable livelihood and to calculate budgets for people who receive financial assistance as their main source of income for up to one year. Our proposed budget includes expenses for very basic needs such as food, personal hygiene, clothing and footwear, communication and household items in the home, and which also takes into account current expenses such as leisure and basic social needs. Other necessary expenses that vary widely or are too costly are excluded from our proposed budget. Our assessment is that the current financial assistance rates are too low to maintain a reasonable livelihood. Furthermore, we recommend making more precise and frequent price adjustments to the financial assistance rates, carrying out new assessments of the consumption areas covered by the benefit every five years and dividing the user group "Children 11-17 years" into two subgroups: Children 11-14 years and Children 15-17 years