Comparison of agar gel immunodiffusion test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and PCR in diagnostics of enzootic bovine leukosis

Bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus that induces a chronic infection in cattle. Once infected, cattle remain virus carriers for life and start to show an antibody response within a few weeks after infection. Eradication and control of the disease are based on early diagnostics and segregation of the carriers. The choice of a diagnostic method depends on the eradication programme, money resources and characteristics of the herd to be analysed. The agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test has been the serological test of choice for routine diagnosis of serum samples. Nevertheless, in more recent years, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has replaced the AGID for large scale testing. For this purpose, commercially available BLV-ELISA kits were compared to the AGID and to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method performed with two sets of primers, amplifying env region. The ELISA kit based on the p24 core protein was found to be less specific and served as a screening test. The ELISA kit based on the envelope glycoprotein (gpSI) served as a verification test and gave a good correlation with the AGID test and PCR method. However, ELISA showed a higher sensitivity than AGID. The p24 based ELiSA was useful for screening a large number of samples, whereas gp51 based ELISA, AGID and PCR were more important for detecting the antibody response against the individual BLV-proteins and therefore for verification of the infection with BLV

Bush Backs Another Term for Greenspan

Title says it all

Pemanfaatan Kotoran Hewan Ternak Sapi Menjadi Biogas Dan Pupuk Organik (Study Case Dusun Semuten)

Semuten is one of the hamlets in the Bantul region, DI Yogyakarta with an area of 118 ha. The livelihoods of the people in this village are mostly farmers and ranchers. The large number of livestock in this village is a great source of energy from the results of the livestock manure (biogas). Waste from biogas processing is considered very good for plant organic fertilizer. However, the residents of Semuten Hamlet are still unable to utilize the livestock manure to its full potential. In fact, the dirt is left and becomes waste that can pollute the environment around the village. Therefore, the authors formulate a partnership program for livestock groups based on processing manure into biogas and organic fertilizer. The purpose of this program is to apply livestock waste processing technology so that it can produce useful products, namely biogas and organic fertilizer. These products can be used by the people of Dusun Semuten and open up new MSME opportunities so that they can improve the welfare of the community. The method used is a participatory community empowerment model. The results obtained from this program are modern technology so that livestock waste that was previously considered to have no value, can be used as a selling value product. The final product produced from biogas and organic fertilizer is expected to empower the people of Dusun Semuten, especially breeder

Diseminasi hasil penelitian peningkatan kualitas VCO menjadi VICOIL untuk Desa Bojong, Panjatan, Kulon Progo

Indonesia merupakan negara yang memiliki luas arel perkebunan tanaman kelapa terbesar di dunia, yaitu mencapai 3,7 juta ha. Hal ini merupakan peluang untuk pengembangan kelapa menjadi aneka produk yang bermanfaat. Pohon kelapa merupakan salah satu komoditi perkebunan yang penting dalam pembangunan sub-sector perkebunan, antara lain untuk memenuhi kebutuhan domestik, maupun sebagai komoditi ekspor penghasil devisa negara. Produk olahan kelapa yang kaya khasiatnya adala virgin coconut oil. Hal tersebut dijadikan  peluang oleh warga Bojong 3 untuk mendapatkan penghasilan dengan berjualan vicoil. Demi memaksimalkan usaha mikro vicoil ini maka diperlukan peralatan yang modern yang terdiri dari alat fabrikasi semiotomatis yang mampu menghasilkan produk dengan kualitas yang baik. Selain itu, pemasaran produk juga penting agar produk tersebut diminati dipasaran, dengan harapan bukan hanya secara domestik tapi juga bisa sampai ke tahap ekspor

Comparison of real estate sale in enforcement and insolvency proceeding

Namen tega dela je podrobnejša predstavitev razlik in podobnosti, ki zaznamujejo prodajo nepremičnine v obeh izvršilnih postopkih, tako v izvršilnem kot tudi v stečajnem postopku. Izvršilni postopki so stalnica vseh pravnih sistemov. Množične so namreč situacije, ko dolžniki svojih obveznosti ne želijo prostovoljno izpolniti, zato morajo upniki za uveljavitev svojih pridobljenih pravic sprožiti izvršilni postopek pred pristojnim sodiščem. Da bi zaščitili svoje interese ter prišli do čim hitrejšega in celostnega poplačila, želijo upniki pogosto doseči poplačilo svoje terjatve iz naslova prodaje nepremičnine, ki nemalokrat predstavlja dolžnikovo najvrednejše premoženje. Kljub temu pravni red nudi številne varovalke, ki v imenu načela enakosti, dostojanstva dolžnika in sorazmernosti ukrepa varujejo dolžnikovo pravico do zasebne lastnine in doma – predvsem v smislu, da ima dolžnik možnost usmerjati upnika, da poplačilo doseže z drugim izvršilnim sredstvom. Za razliko od izvršilnega je temelj stečajnega postopka generalna izvršba, pri kateri pride do prodaje celotnega dolžnikovega premoženja, vključno z njegovim domom. Pravice dolžnika, da ohrani nepremičnino, v kateri prebiva, insolvenčna zakonodaja torej ne pozna. Kljub mnogim razlikam, ki jih želim predstaviti v tem magistrsko diplomskem delu, med postopkoma iz razloga, da gre v obeh primerih za izvršbo, obstajajo tudi podobnosti. To izhaja že iz dejstva, da se v določbah insolvenčne zakonodaje v nekaterih delih izrecno napotuje na določila zakona, ki jih ureja izvršilni postopek. V obeh postopkih je končni namen enak (čim hitrejše poplačilo upnikov, in sicer na način, da ti dobijo poplačilo svoje terjatve v čim večjem obsegu). Menim, da bistvene razlike obstajajo predvsem na področju varstva pravic dolžnikov in oseb, ki imajo v postopku pravni interes.The purpose of this work is to provide a more detailed presentation of the differences and similarities concerning the sale of real estate in both enforcement proceedings, in enforcement proceeding as well as in insolvency proceeding. Enforcement proceedings are a regular feature in all legal systems. It frequently occurs that debtors are not willing to fulfill their obligations voluntarily, therefore creditors must, in order to assert their acquired rights, initiate enforcement proceeding before the competent court. To protect their interests and receive the most comprehensive repayment as soon as possible, creditors often want their claim to be repaid from the sale of real estate. The latter usually presents debtor’s most valuable assets. Nevertheless, the law offers numerous safeguards, which, in the name of the principle of equality, debtor’s dignity and proportionality of the measure, protect debtor’s right to private property and home. This is introduced predominately with the fact that the debtor has the option to suggest the repayment being fulfilled with different enforcement means. As opposed to enforcement proceeding, the basis of insolvency proceeding is general enforcement, in which the entire debtor’s property, including his home, is sold. The debtor’s right to keep the real estate, in which he resides, does not exist in insolvency law. Despite the many differences I mention in this master\u27s thesis, the two procedures, on the other hand, have something in common, as in both cases one is dealing with enforcement. This stems from the fact that the provisions of insolvency law in some parts explicitly refer to the provisions arranged in enforcement proceeding. Both proceedings share the ultimate purpose (creditors to be repaid as quickly as possible and to the greatest extent possible). In my opinion the significant differences are seen especially in protection of the rights of debtors and individuals with a legal interest in the proceeding

PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH KOTORAN MANUSIA MENJADI BIOGAS PADA PEMBERDAYAAN PONDOK PESANTREN BINA UMAT YOGYAKARTA

Bina Umat Islamic Boarding School is the largest integrated Islamic school in Yogyakarta, located in Setran, Sumberarum, Moyudan, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Focusing on religious and academic education, this Islamic boarding school offers a learning environment for the intellectual and spiritual development of students. With an area of 12,000 m2, this Islamic boarding school has various facilities, such as a dormitory building, mosque, laboratory, field, canteen, kitchen and library. With quality education and facilities, this Islamic boarding school accommodates around 870 students from various levels. This large number of students causes the production of human waste to continue to increase. However, this waste which is considered worthless can be used to make biogas which can be used as a substitute for natural gas, cooking fuel and others. The aim is to apply human waste processing technology to produce biogas which can be used for Bina Umat Islamic boarding school needs, such as cooking and heating water, thereby reducing dependence on LPG gas. In implementing community service, the method used is a participatory community empowerment model. The results obtained from this program are that the residents of the Bina Umat Islamic boarding school use modern biogas technology so that human waste, which was previously considered to have no value, can be used into valuable products. The final products produced from this program are biogas which are expected to be useful for the Bina Umat Islamic boarding school

PREDICTION OF ”RATE OF PENETRATION” (ROP) ON DRILLING FORMATION ”X” PROGNOSIS WELL ”YN2” BASED ON THE REPRESENTATIVE MODELLING FROM DRILLING FORMATION ”X’’ ACTUAL WELL ’’YN1’’ FIELD ’’IP’’

Prediction value of the rate of penetration (ROP) in the drilling of the formation “X” well prognosis "YN2" in the field “IP” and the actual well "YN1" as a review of the selection of a representative Model-ROP at a depth of 2620 mbpl - 3000 mbpl in the "IP" field ". This study selected a representative Model-ROP from drilling the "X" formation of the actual well "YN1" in the "IP" field then predicting the rate of penetration (ROP) value in the drilling of the "X" formation of the "YN2" prognosis well in the "IP" field. ROPs used in this study include the Bingham Model (1966), Teale (2008) and Mottahari (2010). Prediction of the rate of penetration (ROP) value in the drilling of the "X" formation well "YN2" prognosis is done in stages including predicting the rate of penetration (ROP) value in the drilling of the "X" formation of the actual well "YN1" by collecting data including data on "YN1" actual well drilling includes bit records, drilling reports, well programs, and well profiles and then predicts the rate of penetration (ROP) value in the drilling of the "X" well formation "YN2" using drilling prognosis. Determine the drilling parameters needed to predict the value of the rate of penetration (ROP) has a difference in each model. In the Bingham model the parameters required include MD, WOB, RPM, T, and d-exp values. In the Teale model the required drilling parameters contain the actual MD, WOB, RPM, T, DB, and ROP values, MSE, μ and AB. In the Mottahari Model, the drilling parameters needed for MD, WOB, RPM, T, DB, actual ROP, σ, Wf (use function), G (model coefficients representing drillability), a = 0.50 and y = 1,50 is obtained from assumptions. In the Bingham Model has a coordination coefficient value (R2) = 0.9985, the Teale Model has a coordination coefficient value (R2) = 1 and the Mottahari Model has a co-coefficient value (R2) = 1. The ROP model that represents the drilling of the "X" formation Actual wells "YN1" can all be used or all Model-ROPs represent to predict the value of the penetration rate (ROP) in drilling the "X" formation prognosis of the well "YN2". Calculate the estimated penetration rate (ROP) in the drilling of the "X" formation prognosis of the well "YN2" using the Bingham, Teale and Mottahari models through the prognosis of the drilling "YN2"