ЗАГАЛЬНА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА КАТЕГОРІЇ «АДМІНІСТРАТИВНІ ПРОЦЕДУРИ ВИКОНАВЧОГО ПРОВАДЖЕННЯ»

It has been noted that in the conditions of legislative changes the issues of the classification of administrative procedures of executive proceedings, as well as clarification of the essence and content of this category, indicating the relevance of the chosen topic of research remain unresolved. The object of the study is the essence of the category of “administrative procedures for enforcement proceedings”. The objective of the paper is the theoretical and legal study of the concept and content of administrative procedures of enforcement proceedings. The author has analyzed the doctrinal views on the category “administrative procedure”, on the basis of which the author has offered own definition of the category of “administrative procedures of enforcement proceedings”. The athor has studied the types of administrative procedures of enforcement proceedings, namely: initiation of enforcement proceedings, execution of enforcement proceedings, control and supervision within enforcement proceedings, the completion of enforcement proceedings. The author has suggested the classification of administrative procedures within enforcement proceeding, taking into account scientific opinions on the list of procedures, which are carried out during the enforced execution of decisions by state and private executors. The practical significance of the article lies in the fact that the author’s conclusions can be used to improve certain aspects of procedural activity in the field of enforcement execution of decisions. It has been established that administrative procedures within the enforcement proceedings represent a systemic and purposeful activity of enforcement agencies and subjects of delegated authority in the sphere of executive proceedings, which is regulated by the norms of administrative law and is aimed at ensuring the implementation of the principle of mandatory enforcement of jurisdictional decisions.Досліджено поняття й сутність категорії «адміністративні процедури виконавчого провадження». Проаналізовано доктринальні погляди на категорію «адміністративна процедура», на підставі яких запропоновано авторське визначення категорії «адміністративні процедури виконавчого провадження». Запропоновано класифікацію адміністративних процедур у виконавчому провадженні з урахуванням наукових поглядів на перелік процедур, що здійснюються під час примусового виконання рішень державними та приватними виконавцями

Occurrence of Isoyake in Kelp Beds of Saccharina japonica in Primorskii, Far-East Russia: Fenomena Isoyake di Hamparan Rumput Laut Saccharina japonica di Primorskii, Far-East Rusia

A decline in the abundance of the seaweed Saccharina japonica has occurred in Primorskii, far-eastern Russia. Most of the seaweed has disappeared at this location, resulting in a barren coastline known as Isoyake. Field surveys conducted from 1975 to 2015 in Valentin Bay revealed a significant decline in the seaweed population. This decline correlated with fluctuating water temperatures. In the period 1980 to 1990, water temperatures tended to be lower, then increased in the period 2000–2010, and again decreased in temperatures in 2010–2019. Despite lower temperatures after 2010, Isoyake persisted. These findings emphasize the need for continued monitoring and deeper investigation of the environmental and ecological drivers behind Isoyake, with implications for conservation and sustainable management of seaweed resources in far-east Russia.Terjadi penurunan jumlah keberadaan rumput laut Saccharina japonica di Primorskii, far-east Rusia. Sebagian besar rumput laut telah menghilang di lokasi ini, sehingga menghasilkan garis pantai tandus yang dikenal sebagai Isoyake. Survei lapangan yang dilakukan dari tahun 1975 hingga 2015 di Teluk Valentin mengungkapkan penurunan yang signifikan dalam populasi rumput laut. Penurunan ini berkorelasi dengan suhu air yang berfluktuasi. Pada periode 1980 hingga 1990 kondisi suhu perairan cenderung lebih rendah, lalu terjadi peningkatan pada periode 2000–2010, dan kembali mengalami penurunan suhu pada 2010–2019. Meskipun suhu lebih rendah setelah tahun 2010, Isoyake tetap ada. Temuan ini menekankan perlunya pemantauan berkelanjutan dan penyelidikan lebih dalam terhadap pendorong lingkungan dan ekologi di balik Isoyake, dengan implikasi bagi konservasi dan pengelolaan sumber daya rumput laut berkelanjutan di Timur Jauh Rusia

Проблема ефективності виконавчого провадження в Україні: адміністративно-правовий аспект

The author of the article has studied the problem of the effectiveness of enforcement proceedings system in Ukraine from the perspective of organizational and administrative nature, which provides continuous administrative and legal influence on the members of the relevant legal relations. It has been found out that enforcement proceedings has a procedural nature, which is reflected in the content of the means and methods used during the execution of judgments and decisions of other authorities. Particular attention is paid to the essence of the main factors that determine the effectiveness of the execution of judgments and decisions of other authorities. The author has analyzed the criteria of the effectiveness of enforcement proceedings, which, taken together, represent the qualitative and quantitative indicators of the activities of public and private executives and the possibility of their regulatory consolidation. The means of administrative and legal ensuring of the effectiveness of enforcement proceedings have been determined; their essence has been revealed. It has been emphasized that the limitation and neutralization of the negative impact of the factors that nowadays determine the effectiveness of enforcement proceedings and prevention of these factors’ genesis are provided at the level of administrative and legal mechanisms. The author offers to understand under administrative provision of enforcement proceedings the system of organizational and administrative measures taken by the competent subjects in order to create the conditions for the effective and guaranteed execution of judgments and decisions of other authorities. It has been established that the efficiency of enforcement proceedings depends on modern forms and methods that provide a balance of compulsion and encouragement, however the presence of the constitutional basis requires consideration the fundamental principles of state policy. It has been proved that enforcement proceedings as a separate sphere of imperious and administrative activities has a priority for the government, as evidenced by the latest changes and innovations in this field, implemented in legislative acts during the current year.Досліджено проблему ефективності системи виконавчого провадження в Україні з точки зору її організаційно-розпорядчої сутності. Особливу увагу приділено чинникам, які визначають ефективність виконання судових рішень і рішень інших органів. Проаналізовано критерії ефективності виконавчого провадження та можливість їх нормативно-правового закріплення. Запропоновано засоби адміністративно-правового забезпечення ефективності виконавчого провадження та розкрито їх зміст

ДЕЯКІ АСПЕКТИ АДМІНІСТРАТИВНОЇ ПРОЦЕСУАЛЬНОЇ ДІЄЗДАТНОСТІ СУБ’ЄКТІВ ВИКОНАВЧОГО ПРОВАДЖЕННЯ

It has been noted that in the context of reforming the system of executive proceedings in Ukraine, there is the issue of administrative procedural legal capacity of the agencies of compulsory execution and persons exercising delegated authority in this area. Significant changes in the law on executive proceedings, require a comprehensive analysis of the legal status of its subjects, and, in particular, the definition of the content of their administrative procedural legal capacity. Therefore, the subject matter of the study became the essential aspects of administrative procedural legal capacity of the subjects of executive proceedings, and the objective of the article – is to comprehensively study the concept and to characterize the content of administrative procedural legal capacity of the subjects of executive proceedings in Ukraine. The main features of the researched category have been formulated and its author’s definition has been provided. The content of administrative procedural legal capacity of the subjects of executive proceedings and its normative and legal basis have been revealed. It has been established that administrative procedural legal capacity of the subjects of executive proceedings consists in the ability to exercise procedural rights and to perform duties while implementing compulsory execution of jurisdictional decisions. It has been substantiated that administrative procedural legal capacity reflects a volitional aspect in legal relations on compulsory execution of the decisions, because it is connected with actions or omission of the subjects of executive proceedings. The issue of the role of the researched category within functional filling of the legal status of the subjects of executive proceedings has been considered. It has been concluded that administrative procedural legal capacity of the subjects of executive proceedings arises simultaneously with administrative procedural legal ability, provides reality to the latter within the legal field and outlines the limits of the legality of the conduct of the subjects of executive proceedings.Досліджено сутнісні аспекти адміністративної процесуальної дієздатності суб’єктів виконавчого провадження. Сформульовано основні ознаки досліджуваної категорії та надано її авторське визначення. Розкрито зміст адміністративної процесуальної дієздатності суб’єктів виконавчого провадження та її нормативно-правове підґрунтя. Окрему увагу приділено питанню ролі досліджуваної категорії у функціональному наповненні правового статусу суб’єктів виконавчого провадження

Muscle Protease Activities in Salmo Trutta L. Inhabiting the Krivoi Ruchey River

The effects of size, age, and smoltification on muscle protein breakdown systems were studied in wild brown trout Salmo trutta L. inhabiting the Krivoi Ruchey River of the White Sea basin, Kola Peninsula. Activities of autophagy-related proteases including cathepsin B and D, calpains, and proteasome were assayed in the skeletal muscle of brown trout parr and smolt of different age group. Youngest fish group consisted of the most actively growing individuals possessed the higher rate of protein breakdown compared to older groups. Different patterns of muscle protein breakdown inherent to brown trout parr and smolts were shown to be associated with calpain system and cathepsin D activities. Thus, increased activity of these proteases in smoltifying individuals obviously results in amino acid accumulation that could be a mechanism of seawater tolerance required for seaward migration. This study is the first to show the age- and stage-related dynamics in protease activities in skeletal muscle of brown trout inhabiting the Krivoi Ruchey River. Growth- and smoltification-related patterns of protease activities were quite similar in brown trout from the Krivoi Ruchey River and previously studied rivers of the White Sea basin, however, some habitat-related differences were observed

POLYMORPHISMS OF DRUG-METABOLIZING ENZYMES CYP1A2, CYP2D6, GST, NAT2 AND TRANSPORTER MDR1 IN POPULATION OF BELARUS: COMPARISON WITH SELECTED EUROPEAN AND ASIAN POPULATIONS

Drug therapeutic efficiency and development of unfavorable pharmacologic responses as well as the disease predisposition are caused first of all by patient’s genetic features. Genetic variations in genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporter proteins are essential to understand the ethnic differences in disease occurrence, development, prognosis, therapeutic response and toxicity of drugs. For that reason, it is necessary to establish the normative frequency distribution of genotypes and alleles of these genes in a particular population. Data on frequency of pharmacogenetic polymorphisms in the of Belarus population are limited. The goal of our investigation was to analyze the frequency distribution of genotypes and alleles of genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes (CYP1А2, CYP2D6 – I phase; GSTs, NAT2 – II phase) and transporter protein MDR1 in the population of Belarus and comparisons with other ethnic populations. Our results indicate that clinically important genes are genetically highly variable and differ considerably between populations. Differences in allele frequencies across continents should be considered when designing clinical trials of new drugs continents should be considered when designing clinical trials of new drugs