Task Migration for Fault-Tolerance in Mixed-Criticality Embedded Systems

In this paper we are interested in mixed-criticality embed-ded applications implemented on distributed architectures. Depending on their time-criticality, tasks can be hard or soft real-time and regarding safety-criticality, tasks can be fault-tolerant to transient faults, permanent faults, or have no dependability requirements. We use Earliest Deadline First (EDF) scheduling for the hard tasks and the Constant Bandwidth Server (CBS) for the soft tasks. The CBS pa-rameters determine the quality of service (QoS) of soft tasks. Transient faults are tolerated using checkpointing with roll-back recovery. For tolerating permanent faults in proces-sors, we use task migration, i.e., restarting the safety-critical tasks on other processors. We propose a Greedy-based on-line heuristic for the migration of safety-critical tasks, in response to permanent faults, and the adjustment of CBS parameters on the target processors, such that the faults are tolerated, the deadlines for the hard real-time tasks are sat-isfied and the QoS for soft tasks is maximized. The proposed online adaptive approach has been evaluated using several synthetic benchmarks and a real-life case study. 1

A pore-scale model for permeable biofilm: numerical simulations and laboratory experiments

In this paper we derive a pore-scale model for permeable biofilm formation in a two-dimensional pore. The pore is divided in two phases: water and biofilm. The biofilm is assumed to consist of four components: water, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), active bacteria, and dead bacteria. The flow of water is modeled by the Stokes equation whereas a diffusion-convection equation is involved for the transport of nutrients. At the water/biofilm interface, nutrient transport and shear forces due to the water flux are considered. In the biofilm, the Brinkman equation for the water flow, transport of nutrients due to diffusion and convection, displacement of the biofilm components due to reproduction/dead of bacteria, and production of EPS are considered. A segregated finite element algorithm is used to solve the mathematical equations. Numerical simulations are performed based on experimentally determined parameters. The stress coefficient is fitted to the experimental data. To identify the critical model parameters, a sensitivity analysis is performed. The Sobol sensitivity indices of the input parameters are computed based on uniform perturbation by $\pm 10 \%$ of the nominal parameter values. The sensitivity analysis confirms that the variability or uncertainty in none of the parameters should be neglected

High Field Breakdown Characteristics of Carbon Nanotube Thin Film Transistors

The high field properties of carbon nanotube (CNT) network thin film transistors (CN-TFTs) are important for their practical operation, and for understanding their reliability. Using a combination of experimental and computational techniques we show how the channel geometry (length LC and width WC) and network morphology (average CNT length Lt and alignment angle distribution θ) affect heat dissipation and high field breakdown in such devices. The results suggest that when WC ≥ Lt, the breakdown voltage remains independent of WC but varies linearly with LC. The breakdown power varies almost linearly with both WC and LC when WC Lt. We also find that the breakdown power is more susceptible to the variability in the network morphology compared to the breakdown voltage. The analysis offers new insight into the tunable heat dissipation and thermal reliability of CN-TFTs, which can be significantly improved through optimization of the network morphology and device geometry

Analysis and upscaling of a reactive transport model in fractured porous media involving nonlinear a transmission condition

We consider a reactive transport model in a fractured porous medium. The particularity appears in the conditions imposed at the interface separating the block and the fracture, which involves a nonlinear transmission condition. Assuming that the fracture has thickness e, we analyze the resulting problem and prove the convergence towards a reduced model in the limit e ¿ 0. The resulting is a model defined on an interface (the reduced fracture) and acting as a boundary condition for the equations defined in the block. Using both formal and rigorous arguments, we obtain the reduced models for different flow regimes, expressed through a moderate, or a high Péclet number. Keywords: Fractured porous media; Upscaling; Reactive transport; Nonlinear transmission condition

Analysis and upscaling of a reactive transport model in fractured porous media involving nonlinear a transmission condition

We consider a reactive transport model in a fractured porous medium. The particularity appears in the conditions imposed at the interface separating the block and the fracture, which involves a nonlinear transmission condition. Assuming that the fracture has thickness e, we analyze the resulting problem and prove the convergence towards a reduced model in the limit e ¿ 0. The resulting is a model defined on an interface (the reduced fracture) and acting as a boundary condition for the equations defined in the block. Using both formal and rigorous arguments, we obtain the reduced models for different flow regimes, expressed through a moderate, or a high Péclet number. Keywords: Fractured porous media; Upscaling; Reactive transport; Nonlinear transmission condition

Convergence analysis of mixed numerical schemes for reactive in a porous medium

This paper deals with the numerical analysis of an upscaled model describing the reactive flow in a porous medium. The solutes are transported by advection and diffusion and undergo precipitation and dissolution. The reaction term and, in particular, the dissolution term has a particular, multi-valued character, which leads to stiff dissolution fronts. We consider the Euler implicit method for the temporal discretization and the mixed finite element for the discretization in time. More precisely, we use the lowest order Raviart-Thomas elements. As an intermediate step we consider also a semi-discrete mixed variational formulation (continuous in space). We analyse the numerical schemes and prove the convergence to the continuous formulation. Apart from the proof for the convergence, this also yields an existence proof for the solution of the model in mixed variational formulation. Numerical experiments are performed to study the convergence behavior

Homogenization of a pore scale model for precipitation and dissolution in porous media

In this paper we employ homogenization techniques to provide a rigorous derivation of the Darcy scale model for precipitation and dissolution in porous media proposed in [19]. The starting point is the pore scale model in [12], which is a coupled system of evolution equations, involving a parabolic equation and an ordinary differential equation. The former models ion transport and is defined in a periodically perforated medium. It is further coupled through the boundary conditions to the latter, defined on the boundaries of the perforations and modelling the dissolution and precipitation of the precipitate. The main challenge is in dealing with the dissolution and precipitation rates, which involve a monotone but multi-valued mapping. Due to this, the micro-scale solution lacks regularity. With e being the scale parameter (the ratio between the micro scale and the macro scale length), we adopt the 2-scale framework to achieve the convergence of the homogenization procedure as e approaches zero