Growth and Characterization of Nickel Catalyzed Gallium Oxide Nanowires on Sapphire Substrate

Beta gallium oxide (-Ga2O3) nanowires (NWs) were synthesized via chemical vapor deposition in argon atmosphere using gallium as a precursor and sapphire substrate coated with ultra thin film of nickel (Ni). In this report, we report the growth of -Ga2O3 NWs as a function of deposition time. The structure and morphology of grown NWs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed that single crystal growth of the NWs and their crystallinity improved with the increase in the deposition time. The diameter of -Ga2O3 NWs varied in the range between 40-80 nm and their length was observed up to many micrometers. The optical property of NWs was determined using UV-visible spectrophotometer and the bandgap of -Ga2O3 NWs was found to be about 4.30 eV. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3099

Effects of dipolar interactions on linear and nonlinear optical properties of multichromophore assemblies: A case study

Claudine Katan ‘s present address : CNRS UMR6082 FOTON, INSA de Rennes, 20 avenue des Buttes de Coësmes, CS 70839, 35708 RENNES cedex 7, FranceInternational audienceInterchromophore interactions in flexible multidipolar structures for nonlinear optics were addressed by a combined experimental and theoretical study on two series of one-, two-, and three-chromophore systems in which identical push-pull chromophores are assembled through covalent and flexible linkers in close proximity. The photophysical and nonlinear optical properties (quadratic hyperpolarizability) of the multichromophore systems were investigated and compared to those of the monomeric chromophores. Multimers have larger dipole moments than their monomeric analogues, that is, the dipolar subchromophores self-orientate within the multimeric structures. This effect was found to depend on the intersubchromophore distance in a nontrivial manner, which confirms that molecular engineering of such flexible systems is more complex than in completely geometrically controlled systems. Electric-field-induced second-harmonic generation (EFISHG) measurements in solution revealed increased figures of merit as compared to the monomeric analogue. This effect increases with increasing number and polarity of the individual subchromophores in the nanoassembly and increasing spacing between dipolar subchromophores. Experimental results are interpreted by a theoretical model for interacting polar and polarizable chromophores. The properties of multidipolar assemblies are shown to be related to the relative orientation of chromophores, which is imposed by interchromophore interactions. The supramolecular structure is thus a result of self-organization. The proposed theoretical model was also used to predict the properties of multichromophore structures made up of more polar and polarizable push-pull chromophores, and showed that stronger interchromophore interactions can heavily affect the individual optical responses. This suggests new routes for engineering highly NLO responsive multichromophore systems

Investigation on Security Issues and Features in Social Media Sites (Face Book, Twitter, & Google+)

Social media sites allow users to communicate and share their information which are a matter of privacy for users, so users should be aware about its limitations and disad-vantages to use social media sites. Likewise, there are many social media sites with its dif-ferent features and it typically works with the latest technology that is provided by the ex-perts to get connected and go along with the flow. The online privacy issues have been a re-al time problem and these however is the main aim for the experts to reduce the problems while sharing the kind of content that is allowed by the social media sites. There are issues that are general and the public need to oppose for the privacy terms and conditions. People these days are concerned about the information that they post on the sites such as Face Book, Twitter and Google Sharing the photos and the latest features are now a sign of a problem for many users. In this research paper, Researcher will explore key infor-mation about the privacy issues and problems reported by social media users while using social networking sites. Being a personal user of popular social networking sites, researcher faced privacy concerns that initiated me to conduct a research on actual facts and figures behind the privacy issues among the social networking sites. Nowadays, social media sites are widely used by hackers and un-authorized users where over usage of social media users from different geographic locations lead to in-creased privacy issues across these sites. In order to resolve the privacy concerns, the social media administrators have implemented many secured anti-privacy attack technique tech-niques but still they are not totally successfully providing 100% security to the user privacy over social networking sites. Researcher found this issue to be a serious concern in current cyber crimes for which we have decided to conduct a research on this topic. Researcher had conducted research on pri-vacy issues and found that there are loads of security concerns in terms of privacy issues such as user privacy while photos and videos upload user privacy during messaging and chatting, user privacy during shares and uploads. All these issues seemed to be critical in terms of security where there is a huge necessity for implementing effective security tech-niques that are highly capable in reducing privacy issues and ensure 100% privacy to the social media users. With use of this study researcher will explain the key privacy concerns reported in social media sites and current approaches available to reduce those issues. Researcher will explain the current scope of using those techniques and their limitations in providing privacy to the users. Finally, with use of this paper, researcher will investigate and propose best security technique that can be implemented to reduce the privacy concerns across social media sites

Implementation of IoT technologies in manufacturing process

LAUREA MAGISTRALEL'Internet of Things sta emergendo come terza ondata nello sviluppo di Internet. Ci si aspetta che l'Internet of Things (IoT) abbia un impatto enorme sui prodotti di consumo, sul business e su una più ampia cultura, ma questi sono ancora all'inizio. Dato il suo potenziale di applicabilità molto ampia a quasi tutti i verticali e gli aspetti di business, industrie, produzione, beni di consumo, catene di fornitura, ecc. Questa tesi si concentra principalmente sull'ottimizzazione dei processi nell'industria manifatturiera nel contesto business-to-business. Lo studio è uno sforzo per sottolineare i problemi che i produttori devono affrontare nella loro sede e fornisce soluzioni per affrontare tali problemi. Durante l'ultimo decennio l'Internet of Things (IoT) ha guadagnato molta attenzione da parte sia del mondo accademico che dei professionisti. L'IoT sottolinea l'importanza degli oggetti fisici che trasferiscono le informazioni utilizzando il software e Internet. Sulla base delle tendenze globali, è necessario che le aziende si concentrino su come implementare l'IoT per facilitare le loro attività e creare nuove opportunità commerciali e di mercato. IoT può connettere varie cose e oggetti intorno a noi che sono in grado di interagire tra loro. In altre parole, le tecnologie IoT non solo collegano un sistema industriale o una catena di approvvigionamento, ma collegano anche le parti interessate e i clienti finali. L'obiettivo della tesi è discutere le tecnologie IoT ed elaborare come sono implementate nei processi di produzione. Un'analisi qualitativa del documento sarà condotta confrontando due casi studio. I dati saranno raccolti da fonti di informazioni pubbliche e non confidenziali, inclusi comunicati stampa, giornali, articoli e riviste. L'approccio di ricerca era principalmente descrittivo, con particolare attenzione alle differenze tra le precedenti tecnologie di ottimizzazione della produzione e le applicazioni IoT in uso oggi. I risultati di questa tesi dimostrano che le tecnologie IoT portano trasparenza al sistema, tracciabilità, adattabilità, scalabilità e flessibilità. Pertanto, l'adozione dell'IoT presenta alcuni potenziali benefici, tra cui il miglioramento dei costi e della riduzione dei rischi, i processi operativi e la creazione di valore. Questa ricerca mostra anche che l'utilizzo delle tecnologie IoT per i loro benefici non è un compito facile per le imprese. Poiché l'IoT è uno sviluppo recente, è necessario studiare vari aspetti dell'IoT come aspetti economici, gestionali e industriali e questo rende le aziende esitanti a prendere decisioni in merito all'adozione se IoT.The Internet of Things is emerging as the third wave in the development of the internet. Internet of things (IoT) is expected to have a massive impact on consumer products, business and wider culture, but these are still early days. Given its potential for very wide applicability to almost all verticals and aspects of business, industries, manufacturing, consumer goods, supply chains, etc. This thesis is primarily focused on process optimization in manufacturing industry in business-to-business context. The study is an effort to point out the issues manufacturers face at their shop floor and it provides solutions for dealing with those issues. During the last decade the Internet of Things (IoT) has gained a lot of attention from both academia and practitioners. IoT emphasizes on the importance of physical objects transferring information by using software and the Internet. Based on the global trends, there is a need for companies to focus on how they can implement IoT to facilitate their businesses and create new business and market opportunities. IoT can connect various things and objects around us which are able to interact with each other. In other words, IoT technologies not only connect an industrial system or supply chain, but also connects stakeholders and end-customers. The goal of the thesis is to discuss IoT technologies and elaborate how they are implemented in manufacturing processes. A qualitative document analysis will be conducted by comparing two case studies. Data will be collected from public, non-confidential information sources including press releases, newspapers, articles and journals. The research approach was primarily descriptive with the focus on differences between previous production optimization technologies and IoT applications in use today. The results of this thesis demonstrate that IoT technologies bring transparency, traceability, adaptability, scalability and flexibility to the system. Therefore, the adoption of IoT has quite a few potential benefits, including improvement in cost and risk reduction, operational processes and value creation. This research also shows that using IoT technologies for their benefits is not an easy task for enterprises. Since IoT is a recent development, various aspects of the IoT such as economical, managerial and industrial aspects need to be studied and this makes companies hesitant to make decisions regarding the adoption if IoT

Power Loss Reduction in Radial Distribution System by Using Plant Growth Simulation Algorithm

The availability of an adequate amount of electricity and its utilization is essential for the growth and development of the country. The demand for electrical energy has outstripped the availability causing widespread shortages in different areas. The distribution network is a crucial network, which delivers electrical energy directly to the doorsteps of the consumer. In India the distribution networks are contributing to a loss of 15% against total system loss of 21%. Hence, optimal capacitor placement in electrical distribution networks has always been the concern of electric power utilities. As Distribution Systems are growing large and being stretched too far, leading to higher system losses and poor voltage regulation, the need for an efficient and effective distribution system has therefore become more urgent and important. In this regard, Capacitor banks are added on Radial Distribution system for Power Factor Correction, Loss Reduction and Voltage profile improvement. As Distribution Systems are growing large and being stretched too far, leading to higher system losses and poor voltage regulation, the need for an efficient and effective distribution system has therefore become more urgent and important. In this regard, Capacitor banks are added on Radial Distribution system for Power Factor Correction, Loss Reduction and Voltage profile improvement. Therefore it is important to find optimal location and sizes of capacitors required to minimize feeder losses. Reactive power compensation plays an important role in the planning of an electrical system. Reactive power compensation plays an important role in the planning of an electrical system. Capacitor placement & sizing are done by Loss Sensitivity Factors and Plant Growth Simulation Algorithm respectively. Loss Sensitivity Factors offer the important information about the sequence of potential nodes for capacitor placement. These factors are determined using single base case load flow study. Plant Growth Simulation Algorithm is well applied and found to be very effective in Radial Distribution Systems. The proposed method is tested on 33 and 34 bus distribution systems. The objective of reducing the losses and improvement in voltage profile has been successfully achieved. The main advantage of the proposed approach in relation to previously published random algorithms is that it does not require any external parameters such as barrier factors, crossover rate, mutation rate, etc. These parameters are hard to be effectively determined in advance and affect the searching performance of the algorithm new approach based on a plant growth simulation algorithm (PGSA) is presented for reactive power optimization. PGSA is a random search algorithm inspired by the growth process of plant phototropism. The objective function for optimization is to minimize the system active power loss. Keywords: Distribution systems, Loss Sensitivity Factors, Capacitor placement, Plant growth simulation algorithm

Voltage profile enhancement in grid system using expert system

Frequent and severe blackouts are been attributed to insufficient voltage stability, resulting in voltage collapse. To mitigate this issue and ensure adequate voltage stability and damping in power systems, this study explores smart grid solutions. The proposed control strategies are applied to a distribution static synchronous compensator (DSTATCOM) within a multi-machine system. The recommended approach, radial basis function neural network (RBFNN)-DSTATCOM with support vector machine (SVM), incorporates a PI controller to minimize system deviations. The damping performance of the RBFNN-DSTATCOM controller is analyzed against a fixed-parameter proportional-integral (PI)-DSTATCOM controller. Simulation analysis indicates that the proposed RBFNN-DSTATCOM controller effectively enhances power system stability under various disturbances and operating conditions. Critical bus graphs are provided for scenarios both with and without the DSTATCOM. A parametric evaluation is conducted using the 'powergui' toolbox based on the system's standard ratings. Finally, a comparative analysis is presented, utilizing the results from both systems, with all graphs plotted against time using the power system analysis toolbox (PSAT) in MATLAB

SUBLINGUAL VITAMIN D3 DRUG THERAPY IN VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY PATIENTS AT PRAVARA RURAL HOSPITAL

The present study was aimed to study the effect of Sublingual Vitamin D3 on Serum Vitamin D level in Vitamin D deficiency patients. This was a cross-sectional and interventional study. All the Vitamin D deficiency patients of age 18-60years and either gender, willing to participate in the study were included. Patients who had greater than 20 ng/ml were excluded from the study. The total number of participants in our study was 200, out of these 111 males and 89 females, the mean age in our study was 51.07 ± 7.39Yrs. All volunteers were given sublingual vitamin D3 (60,000IU) in six doses every fifteen days of follow up for 3 months. The subject’s serum 25(OH)D levels were estimated before and after the treatment of sublingual vitamin D3. There was a statistically significant difference in serum vitamin D3 level before 16.61±6.71 ng/ml and after 35.80±7.80 ng/ml after treatment with Sublingual Vitamin D3. Six doses of 60,000IU of Vitamin D3 sublingual route having improved the role of serum 25(OH)D levels in the treatment of Vitamin D3 deficiency patients.Keywords: Vitamin D3; Sublingual rout

Quantitative shadow compensated optical coherence tomography of choroidal vasculature

Conventionally rendered optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of the posterior segment contain shadows which influence the visualization of deep structures such as the choroid. The purpose of this study was to determine whether OCT shadow compensation (SC) alters the appearance of the choroid and the apparent choroidal vascularity index (CVI), an OCT-derived estimated ratio of luminal to total choroidal volume. All scans were shadow compensated using a previously published algorithm, binarized using a novel validated algorithm and extracted binarized choroid to estimate CVI. On 27 raw swept-source OCT volume-scans of healthy subjects, the effect of SC on CVI was established both qualitatively and quantitatively. In shadow compensated scans, the choroid was visualized with greater brightness than the neurosensory retina and the masking of deep tissues by retinal blood vessels was greatly reduced. Among study subjects, significant mean difference in CVI of -0.13 was observed between raw and shadow compensated scans. Conventionally acquired OCT underestimates both choroidal reflectivity and calculated CVI. Quantitative analysis based on subjective grading demonstrated that SC increased the contrast between stromal and luminal regions and are in agreement with true tissue regions. This study is warranted to determine the effects of SC on CVI in diseased eyes

SUBLINGUAL VITAMIN D3 DRUG THERAPY IN VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY PATIENTS AT PRAVARA RURAL HOSPITAL

The present study was aimed to study the effect of Sublingual Vitamin D3 on Serum Vitamin D level in Vitamin D deficiency patients. This was a cross-sectional and interventional study. All the Vitamin D deficiency patients of age 18-60years and either gender, willing to participate in the study were included. Patients who had greater than 20 ng/ml were excluded from the study. The total number of participants in our study was 200, out of these 111 males and 89 females, the mean age in our study was 51.07 ± 7.39Yrs. All volunteers were given sublingual vitamin D3 (60,000IU) in six doses every fifteen days of follow up for 3 months. The subject’s serum 25(OH)D levels were estimated before and after the treatment of sublingual vitamin D3. There was a statistically significant difference in serum vitamin D3 level before 16.61±6.71 ng/ml and after 35.80±7.80 ng/ml after treatment with Sublingual Vitamin D3. Six doses of 60,000IU of Vitamin D3 sublingual route having improved the role of serum 25(OH)D levels in the treatment of Vitamin D3 deficiency patients.Keywords: Vitamin D3; Sublingual rout

Intelligent metaheuristic algorithm based FOPID controller for CSTR system

The purpose of this research is to assess a continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) system's performance. To enhance its performance, a fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative (FOPID) controller was employed, necessitating the tuning of independent control parameters. For this purpose, a sine-cosine algorithm (SCA) was introduced to optimize these parameters. The FOPID controller, tuned using the SCA, provides a powerful combination that addresses the complexities of the CSTR system. The fractional-order nature of the FOPID controller allows for superior tuning and robustness, offering enhanced flexibility in adjusting the system’s response characteristics and improving overall control performance. The SCA, known for its effective exploration of the search space through sine and cosine functions, ensures that the controller parameters are optimally selected to enhance the system’s performance by achieving an optimal fitness function. To showcase the effectiveness of the proposed SCA-tuned FOPID controller, comparisons were drawn with other optimization techniques designed for the CSTR system. The study presents time-domain characteristics and frequency responses of the proposed controller. The simulation results demonstrated that the SCA-FOPID controller significantly outperforms the other designed controllers, achieving a 54.07% reduction in the integral of time absolute error (ITAE) compared to genetic algorithm (GA), an 18.64% reduction compared to grey wolf optimizer (GWO), and a 34.79% reduction compared to differential evolution (DE). These significant reductions in ITAE underscore the effectiveness of this approach, highlighting the superior performance and robustness of the SCA-tuned FOPID controller in optimizing the CSTR system