Effect of thermal annealing on optical properties of CR-39 polymeric track detector

The samples of CR-39 polymer (TASTRAK, Bristol, England) were annealled thermally at various temperatures ranging from 100oC to 180oC for 1 hour, in air. FTIR spectroscopy reveals the structural degradation of CR-39 polymer due to thermal annealing above its glass transition temperature. Optical band gap of pristine and thermally annealed samples has been determined using UV-Visible absorption spectra. It has been observed that the optical band gap decreases continuously as a result of annealing.Department of Physics, Kurukshetra University,Kurukshetra-136 119, Haryana, Indi

Proposed Scheme for Secured Routing in MANET

A Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) is characterized by mobile nodes, multihop wireless connectivity, infrastructure less environment and dynamic topology. A recent trend in Ad Hoc network routing is the reactive on-demand philosophy where routes are established only when required. Stable Routing, Security and Power efficiency are the major concerns in this field. This paper is an effort to study security problems associated with MANETS and solutions to achieve more reliable routing. The ad hoc environment is accessible to both legitimate network users and Malicious attackers. The study will help in making protocol more robust against attacks to achieve stable routing in routing protocols

Primary intraosseous carcinoma of mandible: an update on review of literature with a case report

Primary intraosseous carcinoma (PIOC) is a rare malignant neoplasm of the jaws which is locally aggressive with quite poor prognosis. Overall and disease free survival is poor with almost 50% patients failing within first 2 years of follow up and reason can be attributed to the delayed diagnosis. But knowledge of the clinical, radiographic and histopathologic features of PIOC allows accurate and early diagnosis of the lesion so that an early and appropriate treatment can be instituted for better prognosis. Here a typical case of PIOC of the mandible is presented and an attempt is made to discuss all possible differential diagnosis and an update on review of literature is presented. Our case highlights that radiographic examination is one of the most effective methods for detecting early lesions of PIOCs

Role of radiology in central hemangioma of jaws

Central hemangioma, a bone destructive lesion, is a benign tumor. Hemangiomas of jaws are rare entity and produ- ces many different radiographic images. Radiographic differential diagnosis includes osteosarcoma, fibrous dysplasia, central giant cell granuloma, ameloblastoma, odontogenic myxoma, multiple myeloma, dentigerous cyst and aneurysmal bone cyst. Since it involves proliferation of blood vessels so aspiration or biopsy of such lesions can lead to severe hemorrhage which can turn out to be lethal. We stress on the importance of radiology in the timely diagnosis of such lesions which can prevent the disaster not only to the patient but also to oral surgeon in legal and professional aspects

Microtopography of the eggshell of Menacanthus eurysternus (Phthiraptera: Amblycera)

The egg laying sites, pattern and the egg morphology (SEM) of an amblyceran louse parasitizing Bank Myna (Acridotheres ginginianus) have been recorded. Unlike most of the species of the genus, Menacanthus studied so far, the eggshell of M. eurysternus lacks the apophyses (bristle like outgrowths arising from anterior portion of the eggshell). However, the opercular disc of M. eurysternus bears a polar thread and the micropyles are set along the opercular rim

Effects of different plant growth regulators on in vitro callus induction in physic nut (Jatropha curcus L.)

Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) is an oil bearing crop growing in tropical and subtropical parts of the world. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of different plant growth regulators on in vitro callus induction in physic nut (J. curcus). In the present study, it was observed that all the explants viz., leaf lamina, petioles, nodal segments and cotyledonary nodes showed good callus induction responses on various culture media thus tried. Leaf lamina and petioles showed 100.0% callus induction responses on different MS media supplemented with auxins and cytokinins alone or in combinations whereas, nodal segments and cotyledonary nodes showed maximum 89.6% and 83.9% callus induction respectively. The presence of 2, 4-D in culture media with auxins or cytokinins was essential for good callus growth. Among different explants tried, leaf lamina was the best responding explants and MS-13 media supplemented with 5×10-6 M NAA and 10-5 M 2, 4-D is the best callusing and growth supporting medium. However, the regenerative competence of the callus tissues can differ depending on the type of explants used because certain types of plant tissues have more favorable regeneration responses than others. Callus induction rate from all explant types was highest than other reports. The results obtained in the present study would facilitate the high callus induction and regeneration responses in J. curcus for its improvement using biotechnological tools

Overview of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Young Children

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex disorder, which can be seen as a disorder of life time, developing in preschool years and manifesting symptoms (full and/or partial) throughout the adulthood; therefore, it is not surprising that there are no simple solutions. The aim of this paper is to provide a short and concise review which can be used to inform affected children and adults; family members of affected children and adults, and other medical, paramedical, non-medical, and educational professionals about the disorder. This paper has also tried to look into the process of how ADHD develops; what are the associated problems; and how many other children and adults are affected by such problems all over the world basically to understand ADHD more precisely in order to develop a better medical and or non-medical multimodal intervention plan. If preschool teachers and clinicians are aware of what the research tells us about ADHD, the varying theories of its cause, and which areas need further research, the knowledge will assist them in supporting the families of children with ADHD. By including information in this review about the connection between biological behavior, it is hoped that preschool teachers and clinicians at all levels will feel more confident about explaining to parents of ADHD children, and older ADHD children themselves about the probable causes of ADHD

Mucormycosis of oral cavity: a descriptive case report from a tertiary care hospital

We presented an interesting case report of mucormycosis (Rhizopus Oryzae) in a recovered COVID-19 patient, its diagnosis and identification. The patient in past visited our institute with symptoms of COVID-19, she was a known case of tuberculosis and was taking ATT and diabetic (DM-2) patient. She was diagnosed COVID positive and successfully treated at our institution and discharged after recovering from the complications. After approximately two months of getting discharged from the hospital she again visited the post COVID clinic with symptoms of fever and numbness around face and on routine examination a blackish tissue like growth seen involving the hard palate and post nasal area. Mucormycosis (phycomycosis, zygomycosis) is an acute opportunistic infection generally develops secondary to debilitating diseases. But increased incidence was noticed in COVID-19 affected individuals. In head, neck and oral cavity the mold usually gains entry through respiratory route involving maxillary sinuses and oral cavity. The fungus causes great damage to the anatomical structures leading its necrosis. Hence an early diagnosis and surgical interventions is must for a good prognosis, decreasing morbidity and mortality. Extensive Research needs to be carried out in COVID patient specially treatment to prevent and reduce the cases of opportunistic infection in order to reduce its incidence and morbidity/mortality