Positive and Negative Ion Motion in Thermal Oxide on Silicon by Radiochemical and MOS ANALYSIS

Metal-oxide-silicon capacitor and radiochemical analyses of anion in sodium contamination failure mod

Photoemission spectroscopy and sum rules in dilute electron-phonon systems

A family of exact sum rules for the one-polaron spectral function in the low-density limit is derived. An algorithm to calculate energy moments of arbitrary order of the spectral function is presented. Explicit expressions are given for the first two moments of a model with general electron-phonon interaction, and for the first four moments of the Holstein polaron. The sum rules are linked to experiments on momentum-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. The bare electronic dispersion and the electron-phonon coupling constant can be extracted from the first and second moments of spectrum. The sum rules could serve as constraints in analytical and numerical studies of electron-phonon models.Comment: 4 page

Associations between diet, physical activity and body fat distribution: a cross sectional study in an Indian population.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a growing health problem in India and worldwide, due to changes in lifestyle. This study aimed to explore the independent associations between dietary and physical activity exposure variables and total body fat and distribution in an Indian setting. METHODS: Individuals who had participated in the Indian Migration Study (IMS) or the Andhra Pradesh Children And Parents' Study (APCAPS), were invited to participate in the Hyderabad DXA Study. Total and abdominal body fat of study participants was measured using DXA scans. Diet and physical activity (PA) levels were measured using questionnaires. RESULTS: Data on 2208 participants was available for analysis; mean age was 49 yrs in IMS, 21 yrs in APCAPS. Total energy intake was positively associated with total body fat in the APCAPS sample: a 100 kcal higher energy intake was associated with 45 g higher body fat (95% CI 22, 68). In the IMS sample no association was found with total energy intake, but there was a positive association with percent protein intake (1% higher proportion of energy from protein associated with 509 g (95% CI 138,880) higher total body fat). Broadly the same pattern of associations was found with proportion of fat in the abdominal region as the outcome. PA was inversely associated with total body fat in both populations (in APCAPS, one MET-hour higher activity was associated with 46 g (95% CI 12, 81) less body fat; in the IMS it was associated with 145 g less body fat (95% CI 73, 218)). An inverse association was observed between PA and percentage abdominal fat in the IMS but no association was seen in the APCAPS population. CONCLUSIONS: In this Indian population, there was an inverse association between PA and body fat. Associations between body fat and dietary variables differed between the younger APCAPS population and older IMS population. Further longitudinal research is needed to elucidate causality and directions of these associations across the life course

CESAM-voorspellingen voor 1990-1994

Het CESAM-model is lets minder optimistisch over de Nederlandse economic dan het\ud Centraal Planbureau. Zowel ten opzichte van de Macro Economische Verkenning als het pas verschenen Centraal Economisch Plan voorspelt CESAM een geringere produktie- en investeringsgroei. Een lichtpuntje is de geringere inflatie. Een tijdelijke loskoppeling van de gulden van de D-mark heeft volgens CESAM positieve gevolgen voor de Nederlandse economic. Ook verhoging van de overheidsinvesteringen kan voordelen bieden

Improved methods for simulating nearly extremal binary black holes

Astrophysical black holes could be nearly extremal (that is, rotating nearly as fast as possible); therefore, nearly extremal black holes could be among the binaries that current and future gravitational-wave observatories will detect. Predicting the gravitational waves emitted by merging black holes requires numerical-relativity simulations, but these simulations are especially challenging when one or both holes have mass $m$ and spin $S$ exceeding the Bowen-York limit of $S/m^2=0.93$. We present improved methods that enable us to simulate merging, nearly extremal black holes more robustly and more efficiently. We use these methods to simulate an unequal-mass, precessing binary black hole coalescence, where the larger black hole has $S/m^2=0.99$. We also use these methods to simulate a non-precessing binary black hole coalescence, where both black holes have $S/m^2=0.994$, nearly reaching the Novikov-Thorne upper bound for holes spun up by thin accretion disks. We demonstrate numerical convergence and estimate the numerical errors of the waveforms; we compare numerical waveforms from our simulations with post-Newtonian and effective-one-body waveforms; we compare the evolution of the black-hole masses and spins with analytic predictions; and we explore the effect of increasing spin magnitude on the orbital dynamics (the so-called "orbital hangup" effect).Comment: 18 pages, 18 figure

Model ab initio study of charge carrier solvation and large polaron formation on conjugated carbon chains

Using long C_{N}H_{2} conjugated carbon chains with the polyynic structure as prototypical examples of one-dimensional (1D) semiconductors, we discuss self-localization of excess charge carriers into 1D large polarons in the presence of the interaction with a surrounding polar solvent. The solvation mechanism of self-trapping is different from the polaron formation due to coupling with bond-length modulations of the underlying atomic lattice well-known in conjugated polymers. Model ab initio computations employing the hybrid B3LYP density functional in conjunction with the polarizable continuum model are carried out demonstrating the formation of both electron- and hole-polarons. Polarons can emerge entirely due to solvation but even larger degrees of charge localization occur when accompanied by atomic displacements

Rôle des coopératives dans le fonctionnement du bassin de collecte laitier du Tadla, Maroc

International audienceLe bassin de collecte laitier situé sur le périmètre du Tadla se structure autour d'une usine de transformation industrielle approvisionnée par une myriade de petits éleveurs. Cette atomisation de l'offre a rendu nécessaire la mise en place de coopératives de collecte chargées d'agréger l'offre et d'assurer la chaîne du froid au plus près des producteurs. De fait, ces coopératives jouent un rôle central d'intermédiaire dans la chaîne d'approvisionnement allant de l'eau d'irrigation à la fourniture de lait à l'usine. Cet article, tiré d'une enquête approfondie conduite sur 12 cas, présente dans une première partie les différentes fonctions assurées par les coopératives. Différentes stratégies émergent, fonction de la place tenue par l'équilibre entre volume et qualité du lait produits et la place des activités de diversification dans les performances et les revenus des cas étudiés. Leurs pratiques gestionnaires sont ensuite analysées, concernant leur gestion financière, le paiement des adhérents et leur système d'information. Une relative complexité des circuits de gestion de l'information, couplée à une multiplicité des données et supports à gérer favorisent une certaine opacité des résultats technico-économiques, dommageable à la durabilité de ces organisations. Différentes propositions de recherche et d'intervention tirées de cette analyse sont présentées en conclusion

MC-128: current commutator for silicon strip detector tests

The MC-128 is a CAMAC module designed to simplify routine tests of multichannel semiconductor detectors. It was developed at Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (BINP) Novosibirsk in collaboration with RD2 as part of the ATLAS SCT development program. The module provides 128 channels, offering sequential measurements of the currents flowing grom detector strips to a grounded Common Bus. Each input stays virtually connected to the Common Bus independently on whether its current is measured or not. Eight inputs are permanently connected to the Common Bus, allowing the connection of additional elements like guard ring structures. The total detector current can be measured as the current flowing through the Common Bus. Measurements are accessible via a CAMAC bus and in analog form via a front panel detector. Optionally, the MC 128 allows the measurement of the capacitance between each strip and the common (high voltage) electrode of the detector at 10 kHz frequency

A Mixed-Methods Evaluation of a Community-Based Glaucoma Check Service in Hackney, London, UK.

: To evaluate the uptake, feasibility and acceptability of a general practice-based optometrist-led glaucoma check service. The service targeted people of black Caribbean and black African descent aged 40-65 years, resident in Hackney, London, United Kingdom. : The study used a mixed-method design, including analysis of service data, prospective audit of secondary care referrals patient survey, cost-consequence analysis, and interviews with staff involved in developing and implementing the service. : A total of 3040 patients were invited to undergo the free check; 595 (19.6%) booked an appointment and 461 (15.2%) attended. Overall, 31 patients (6.8%) were referred to secondary care, of whom 22 attended and were assessed for glaucoma. Four were diagnosed with glaucoma and eight with suspected glaucoma, i.e. 2.6% of patients who underwent the check. The cost per patient identified with suspected or confirmed glaucoma was £9,013. Staff who were interviewed suggested that patients who attended might be those who routinely attended optometrist appointments, however only 62.4% of survey respondents reported having had an eye examination in the previous two years, and 11.4% of women and 16.0% of men reported never having had an eye examination. : This study represents one possible configuration for a glaucoma case-finding service, and it contributes to a wider debate about whether screening, targeted or otherwise, should be offered in the UK. Our findings suggest that general practice is an acceptable setting and that such a service may reach some people not previously engaged with primary eye care services.<br/