Soluble pozzolanic materials from coal bottom ash as cement replacement material

Nowadays, intensive research in production of highly reactive pozzolanic materials from industrial waste to replace cement is crucial. This action expected to increase industrial waste recycling rate and at the same time reduce extraction of non-renewable resources of limestone. Unique characteristics of coal bottom ash as one of the industrial based pozzolan gained less popularity because of its low reactivity and heavy metal leaching due to conventional method used for disposal. Therefore, an alternative approach was deliberated in this research to utilize coal bottom ash into soluble form and enhance the quality of bottom ash as pozzolanic material. Coal bottom ash after the acid washing with optimum parameter was then undergoes solution-gelification process with various alkali based solution for 2 hours soaking durations. The conversion of coal bottom ash into soluble silica in this study demonstrates good pozzolanic performance in a state of siliceous gel pozzolan compared to the raw ones. 5% of cement replacement by soluble silica from CBA shows good strength development from early and later age. The physical dispersion effect is the cumulative effect of enhancement cement hydration due to the availability of increased the nucleation sites on soluble silica particles

Practice of law in the provisioning of accessibility facilities for person with disabilities in Malaysia

Malaysia’s significant changes can be seen clearly through the improvement of social welfare of the disabled and people with disabilities. Although the governments has carried out various policies and provide facilities as well as provision for the disabled but there are still many obstacles encountered by people with disabilities, especially the legal and the accessibility of facilities and services. Therefore, this paper attempts to discuss the practice of law relating of legal procedure particularly for disabled users which affects the movement of these people from one destination to another. This paper discusses the practice of law adopted in the preparation of facilities for disabled people to help them make movement independently. The study was conducted by secondary data to the Malaysia legal and policies for disabled person by comparing with United Kingdom (UK). Malaysia has come out with a strong legal framework for disabled person through People with Disabilities Act 2008 (Act 685). There are several areas in the act that still can be improved to support disabled person

Indication of Aesthetic Transformation in Architecture as the Consequence of 20th Century Idealism Transformation

Architecture is a product of men civilizations which includes aesthetics as an inseparable aspect. As a part of civilizations, architecture is changing through history along with the change of idealisms. Every aspects of architecture was inevitably transformed while cooping with the change of idealisms.This paper is trying to review a transformation of aesthetic in architecture in the 20th century in relations with the change of paradigms and idealism in diachronic perspective. Starting from the era of renaissance which is the stepping stone of modernism, this paper will historically review the progress of science and human civilizations which directly influence the world of aesthetics and also architecture towards the era of post-modernism.Finally it is obvious that aesthetic in architecture is transformed along with the change of paradigms and idealism and we are now entering the world of uncertainty; the world of possibilities where the state of aesthetics is determined in solely; the world of subjectivity; the world of deconstruction

Geopolymer coating paste on concrete for photocatalytic performance

Construction materials mainly used Portland cement as raw materials mainly caused global warming effect around the world. This article report a review on a research work carried out on the use of geopolymer coating on the concrete surface with catalyst for a good adsorption and efficiency via photocatalytic activity using sunlight. The geopolymer paste deposited by coating on the concrete or other building construction surface. The geopolymer paste were prepared by mixing aluminosilicates material with alkaline activator added with catalyst materials such as titanium dioxide and zinc oxide. The performance of geopolymer coating in removal of dyes reported comparable with other materials. Photocatalytic activity performance evaluate by adsorption of dyes onto geopolymer

Pengaruh Derajat Sosoh Dan Pengemas Terhadap Mutu Beras Aromatik Selama Penyimpanan

Aromatic rice is popular for its aroma, taste, and texture. The chemical compound of 2-Acetyl-1-pyrrolina (2AP) contributes to the pandan leaf-like aroma, while the hexanal compound is used as an indicator of rancidity in rice. Grains of three aromatic rice varieties, namely Mentik Wangi, Pandan Wangi, and Sintanur were milled in three degree of milling, i.e., 100, 90, and 0% (brown rice). The milled rice and the brown rice were then stored in hermetic bags and plastic bags for 4 months at room temperature. Chemical composition of the packed and stored rice grains were determined by the proximate analysis, including moisture content, ash content, fat content, protein content, and amylose content. The analysis was conducted at the beginning and the end of month of storage. Consumer preference test of the packed rice was done by the hedonic test. Moisture, ash, protein and fat contents during storage were still in the standards range. Compared to the amylose content prior to storage, the textures of the cooked rice after four months of storage remained fluffier or became less fluffy. The aroma, tenderness, texture, flavor, and overall attributes, judged by the panelists, Mentik Wangi was the most favored, followed by Sintanur and Pandan Wangi. Both hermetic bag and plastic bag gave no different effects on the stored rice quality and on the consumer preferences

Karakteristik Flavor Beras Varietas Padi Aromatik Dari Ketinggian Lokasi Yang Berbeda

To express its optimum flavor, aromatic rice variety should be planted at a specific location. Elevation and soil types are generally considered as the main influencing factors. In this research, three sites, representing low, medium and high elevation, were used to test aromatic rice varieties for its flavor expression. The sites of research were Garut (over 1000 m above sea level/asl), Sumedang (over 500 m asl), and Subang (less then 500 m asl). The flavor components were measured using Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer, GCMS. The data were analyzed using principle component method. Elevation of the sites greatly affected the flavor components of Gilirang, Cimelati, and Sintanur varieties. Among the volatile compounds constituting the rice flavor, hydro carbon aromatic and aldehyde were the most influential ones. Based on the principle component analysis, there were five components contributing to the flavor, namely: butyric acid, benzaldehyde, 2-nonen-1-ol, toluene, and hepthl alcohol. The 2AP (2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline) which gives the pandanus flavor in aromatic rice, was found only from the aromatic rice variety planted at high elevation of Garut. The volatile compounds influencing the taste preference, based on hedonic test, was detected most on Cimelati rice variety as a strong flavor aroma. The general responses of panelist with regard to the aroma, showed moderate aroma to all varieties tested. But for taste, texture, and preferences, most panelists chose Sintanur variety planted at medium elevations (Sumedang)

Pengaruh Bahan Pengemas Terhadap Mutu Beras Padi Aromatik Selama Penyimpanan

Research on the effect of packaging material for aromatic rice quality and its life storage was carried out. The aromatic rice varieties i.e Pandanwangi, Sintanur and Mentikwangi (each 750 kg) were dried in box dryer at 45oC for 12 hours. The dried paddy was milled at commercial milling to produce milled rice. The milled rice then were packed in high density polypropylene (HDPP), super bag and plastic sac. Factorial treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design, replicated thrice. The first factor was aromatic rice varieties (Sintanur, Mentikwangi and Pandanwangi) and the second factor was packaging material (superbag, high density polypropylene (HDPP) and plastic sac). Each treatment consisted of 5-7 kg of milled rice, kept in the room condition for six months. The physical, chemical characteristic, organoleptic test, and flavor composition were observed at the beginning, the middle and the end of storage. The result showed that physical quality of rice decreased parallel with the duration of storage. The whiteness, transparency and milling degree of rice kernel decreased as the period of storage increased. The infestation of insect in storage was found at 60 days after storing (at the second month) and tended to decrease parallel with insect life cycle. The used of plastic sac as packaging was invested by insect more than those of super bag and high density polypropylene. Therefore plastic sac was not recommended for packaging of aromatic rice at room condition. Organoleptic test indicated that cooked quality of aromatic rice decreased parallel with storing time. Based on colour, aroma, taste and texture, aromatic rice should be consumed within 90 days. After 90 days, the colour, aroma, taste and texture of the cooked rice was less preferred by panelis. The uses of plastic sac to pack aromatic rice produced cooked rice less preferable than those of super bag and high density polypropylene plastic

Identifikasi Varietas Berdasarkan Warna Dan Tekstur Permukaan Beras Menggunakan Pengolahan Citra Digital Dan Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan

Research on milled rice color and texture using digital image processing technique is becoming important, due to its potential use as a basic method for rice derived variety identification. The research was aimed to identify milled rice of varieties Basmati, Inpari 1, and Sintanur using color and texture analysis based on digital image processing. A combination of color and texture analysis was used as input parameter and then analyzed in the next step using the artificial neural network (ANN) to determine input parameter that has the highest accuracy level. The experiment was conducted at Merauke Experiment Station, Papua Institute for Agriculture Assessment Technology from May to July 2011. The materials used were milled rice of varieties Basmati 370, Inpari 1, and Sintanur that were previously grown at Sukamandi Experiment Station of the Indonesian Center for Rice Research (ICRR). All samples were qualified as grade 1 based on SNI 6128:2008. Fifty image samples were taken from each variety to get a total of 150 images to be analyzed for their colors and textures using the digital image processing. The color and texture data were analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and further tested using the Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) to obtain the median, while the data spread was analyzed using the boxplot method. The combination of color and texture as input parameters were analyzed using the ANN. One hundred and five rice data were used for training and 45 data were for testing. The results showed that the digital image processing and ANN recognized three output parameters in rice varieties of Basmati, Inpari 1, and Sintanur. Texture analysis with five input parameters were considered the best factor to be used in the ANN model with 100% accuracy