United classification of cosmic gamma-ray bursts and their counterparts

United classification of gamma-ray bursts and their counterparts is established on the basis of measured characteristics: photon energy E and emission duration T. The founded interrelation between the mentioned characteristics of events consists in that, as the energy increases, the duration decreases (and vice versa). The given interrelation reflects the nature of the phenomenon and forms the E-T diagram, which represents a natural classification of all observed events in the energy range from 10E9 to 10E-6 eV and in the corresponding interval of durations from about 10E-2 up to 10E8 s. The proposed classification results in the consequences, which are principal for the theory and practical study of the phenomenon.Comment: Keywords Gamma rays: burst

Effects of viscous dissipation and boundary conditions on forced convection in a channel occupied by a saturated porous medium

Forced convection with viscous dissipation in a parallel plate channel filled by a saturated porous medium is investigated numerically. Three different viscous dissipation models are examined. Two different sets of wall conditions are considered: isothermal and isoflux. Analytical expressions are also presented for the asymptotic temperature profile and the asymptotic Nusselt number. With isothermal walls, the Brinkman number significantly influences the developing Nusselt number but not the asymptotic one. At constant wall heat flux, both the developing and the asymptotic Nusselt numbers are affected by the value of the Brinkman number. The Nusselt number is sensitive to the porous medium shape factor under all conditions considered

Diagnostics of evolution of risk collapse complications at student group with anomalous cardiovascular reaction

The description of investigation of predisposition to potential danger of collapse complications at 429 first-year students during physical training is presented using the analysis of pulse wave form. With the help of developed device the group of students with predisposition to risk of collapse complications during physical activity has been revealed. The results of clinical examination have confirmed the predisposition of the given group to risk of collapse complication

Probabilistic analysis of the upwind scheme for transport

We provide a probabilistic analysis of the upwind scheme for multi-dimensional transport equations. We associate a Markov chain with the numerical scheme and then obtain a backward representation formula of Kolmogorov type for the numerical solution. We then understand that the error induced by the scheme is governed by the fluctuations of the Markov chain around the characteristics of the flow. We show, in various situations, that the fluctuations are of diffusive type. As a by-product, we prove that the scheme is of order 1/2 for an initial datum in BV and of order 1/2-a, for all a>0, for a Lipschitz continuous initial datum. Our analysis provides a new interpretation of the numerical diffusion phenomenon

Effects of viscous dissipation and boundary conditions on forced convection in a channel occupied by a saturated porous medium

Forced convection with viscous dissipation in a parallel plate channel filled by a saturated porous medium is investigated numerically. Three different viscous dissipation models are examined. Two different sets of wall conditions are considered: isothermal and isoflux. Analytical expressions are also presented for the asymptotic temperature profile and the asymptotic Nusselt number. With isothermal walls, the Brinkman number significantly influences the developing Nusselt number but not the asymptotic one. At constant wall heat flux, both the developing and the asymptotic Nusselt numbers are affected by the value of the Brinkman number. The Nusselt number is sensitive to the porous medium shape factor under all conditions considered

Growth of (110) Diamond using pure Dicarbon

We use a density-functional based tight-binding method to study diamond growth steps by depositing dicarbon species onto a hydrogen-free diamond (110) surface. Subsequent C_2 molecules are deposited on an initially clean surface, in the vicinity of a growing adsorbate cluster, and finally, near vacancies just before completion of a full new monolayer. The preferred growth stages arise from C_2n clusters in near ideal lattice positions forming zigzag chains running along the [-110] direction parallel to the surface. The adsorption energies are consistently exothermic by 8--10 eV per C_2, depending on the size of the cluster. The deposition barriers for these processes are in the range of 0.0--0.6 eV. For deposition sites above C_2n clusters the adsorption energies are smaller by 3 eV, but diffusion to more stable positions is feasible. We also perform simulations of the diffusion of C_2 molecules on the surface in the vicinity of existing adsorbate clusters using an augmented Lagrangian penalty method. We find migration barriers in excess of 3 eV on the clean surface, and 0.6--1.0 eV on top of graphene-like adsorbates. The barrier heights and pathways indicate that the growth from gaseous dicarbons proceeds either by direct adsorption onto clean sites or after migration on top of the existing C_2n chains.Comment: 8 Pages, 7 figure

Graphical Analysis of the Growth Rate of National Economies by Considering the Supply Chain Strategy in 25 Countries over the Period From 2000 to 2016

The article presents the graphical analysis of economic indicators for 25 countries: GDP growth rate (%) and GDP per person employed (thousand US dollars) for the period from 1990 to 2016 by considering the supply chain strategy (SCS) and transparency. The authors carried out the decomposition of economic growth rates of selected countries according to the following factors: 1) extensive factors – the growth rate of the capital stock and the size of labor force; 2) intensive factors – RD expenditures; 3) the dynamics of foreign direct investment in the country 4) supply chain strategy. Over the past 16 years, only a few countries from the sample have shown growth of the national economy higher than the growth rates of the world economy. These are China, Turkmenistan, India, Malaysia, and Singapore (their economies grew at a rate of more than 5% per year). The most dynamic renewal of fixed assets can be observed in China, the United States and Japan. At the same time, over the past 10 years China has demonstrated an active investment policy, increasing the investment in fixed assets almost five times. China and India were countries that most actively used the size of labor force as a factor of extensive growth. Korea, Japan, Germany, USA, China and Singapore demonstrated the most dynamic growth in RD expenditures. Despite the non-monotonous dynamics of foreign direct investment in these countries, over the entire period of observation from 1990 to 2017, the United States has been the most attractive country for foreign direct investment. At the same time, the most significant growth in foreign direct investment was recorded in China and, recently, in the United Kingdom