An instrument to determine the technological literacy levels of upper secondary school students

In this article, an instrument for assessing upper secondary school students’ levels of technological literacy is presented. The items making up the instrument emerged from a previous study that employed a phenomenographic research approach to explore students’ conceptions of technology in terms of their understanding of the nature of technology and their interaction with technological artefacts. The instrument was validated through administration to 1,245 students on completion of their 12 years of formal schooling. A factor analysis was conducted on the data and Cronbach alpha reliability coefficients determined. The results show that a five-dimension factor structure (namely, artefact, process, direction/instruction, tinkering, and engagement) strongly supported the dimensions as developed during the original phenomenographic study. The Cronbach alpha reliability co-efficient of each dimension was satisfactory. Based on these findings, the instrument has been shown to be valid and reliable and can be used with confidence

Mdct imaging before transcutanous aortic valve implantation: rationale and measurements

Since its introduction in 2002, transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has assumed growing importance in the treatment of patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS), because it offers a much less invasive alternative for those in high risk for surgery. Good early results and advances in percutaneous valve technology have led to a substantial increase in procedural success rate and number of patients undergoing this less invasive treatment. Pre-procedural screening of several anatomic factors to assess the feasibility of this technique is important. Multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) is the technique of choice in assessing these factors. This technical note aims to describe and illustrate the key elements that need to be evaluated before the procedure

Hypothalamic inflammation is reversed by endurance training in anorectic-cachectic rats

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Aim</p> <p>We tested the effects of a cancer cachexia-anorexia sydrome upon the balance of anti and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hypothalamus of sedentary or trained tumour-bearing (Walker-256 carcinosarcoma) rats.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Animals were randomly assigned to a sedentary control (SC), sedentary tumour-bearing (ST), and sedentary pair-fed (SPF) groups or, exercised control (EC), exercised tumour-bearing (ET) and exercised pair-fed (EPF) groups. Trained rats ran on a treadmill (60%VO_2max) for 60 min/d, 5 days/wk, for 8 wks. We evaluated food intake, leptin and cytokine (TNF-α, IL1β) levels in the hypothalamus.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The cumulative food intake and serum leptin concentration were reduced in ST compared to SC. Leptin gene expression in the retroperitoneal adipose tissue (RPAT) was increased in SPF in comparison with SC and ST, and in the mesenteric adipose tissue (MEAT) the same parameter was decreased in ST in relation to SC. Leptin levels in RPAT and MEAT were decreased in ST, when compared with SC. Exercise training was also able to reduce tumour weight when compared to ST group. In the hypothalamus, IL-1β and IL-10 gene expression was higher in ST than in SC and SPF. Cytokine concentration in hypothalamus was higher in ST (TNF-α and IL-1β, p < 0.05), compared with SC and SPF. These pro-inflammatory cytokines concentrations were restored to control values (p < 0.05), when the animals were submitted to endurance training.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Cancer-induced anorexia leads towards a pro-inflammatory state in the hypothalamus, which is prevented by endurance training which induces an anti-inflammatory state, with concomitant decrease of tumour weight.</p

Skeletal muscle wasting and renewal: a pivotal role of myokine IL-6

Adult skeletal tissue is composed of heterogeneous population of cells that constantly self-renew by means of a controlled process of activation and proliferation of tissue-resident stem cells named satellite cells. Many growth factors, cytokines and myokines produced by skeletal muscle cells play critical roles in local regulation of the inflammatory process and skeletal muscle regeneration during different pathological conditions. IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine released in large amount during infection, autoimmunity and cancer. Low levels of IL-6 can promote activation of satellite cells and myotube regeneration while chronically elevated production promote skeletal muscle wasting. These distinct effects may be explained by a crosstalk of the IL-6/IL-6 receptor and gp130 trans-signaling pathway that oppose to regenerative and anti-inflammatory of the classical IL-6 receptor signaling pathway. Here we discuss on potential therapeutic strategies using monoclonal antibodies to IL-6R for the treatment of skeletal muscle wasting and cachexia. We also highlight on the IL-6/JAK/STAT and FGF/p38αβ MAPK signaling pathways in satellite cell activation and the use of protein kinase inhibitors for tailoring and optimizing satellite cell proliferation during the skeletal muscle renewal. Future investigations on the roles of the IL-6 classical and trans-signaling pathways in both immune and non-immune cells in skeletal muscle tissue will provide new basis for therapeutic approaches to reverse atrophy and degeneration of skeletal muscles in cancer and inflammatory diseases

Ectopic gastric pancreatitis: unusual cause of epigastric pain

Ectopic pancreatic tissue has the same characteristics than normal pancreatic tissue. Therefore it may be affected by the same diseases. We report a rare cause of epigastric pain due to gastric heterotopic pancreatitis. The rare diagnosis was suspected by ultrasound and CT and definitively confirmed by echo-endoscopic guided biopsies

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy or apical ballooning: a case report and a short literature study

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is an important differential diagnosis in patients with an acute coronary syndrome. This syndrome is typically characterized by a reversible contractile dysfunction of the left ventricular myocardium without any obstructive etiological coronary disease. This is not a rare entity in acute settings and a better knowledge of the syndrome could result in a heightened alertness and a higher detection. We present a case of takotsubo showing the importance of cardiac MRI in the differential diagnosis and reviewed the present literature concerning this syndrome and the usefulness of MRI in the detection

Bilateral intramuscular pseudotumor in a bodybuilder

A 29-year-old bodybuilder presented with a bilateral palpable and painful soft tissue mass in the deltoid region. CT scan showed a bilateral intramuscular mass within the deltoid muscle with intralesional fat (not shown). For further differentiation and exclusion of a fat-containing sarcomatous lesion, MRI of both shoulders was performed. Axial T1-weighted images (WI) of the right shoulder showed a heterogeneous mass lesion containing multiple fatty components (Fig. A, arrows). Axial T1-WI of the left shoulder depicted a mass with a T1-hyperintense fatty component and marked fat-fluid level (Fig. B, arrow). The lesion also demonstrated a fat-fluid level on a sagittal fat suppressed T2-WI (Fig. C, arrow)

Cost effectiveness of multi detector ct angiography of the coronary arteries for the diagnosis of suspected non-st eleva tion acute coronary syndrome (nste-acs) in the emergency department. mathematical analysis with a decision model

The purpose of our study is to model cost-effectiveness of MDCTA for the diagnosis of NSTE-ACS with initially negative enzymes, in the emergency department. In Belgium, the use of multi-detector computed tomography (MDCTA) is probably cost-effective in the diagnosis of NSTE-ACS in the acute setting A decision t