Γ-convergence for a class of action functionals induced by gradients of convex functions

Given a real function f , the rate function for the large deviations of the di usion process of drift 'f given by the Freidlin-Wentzell theorem coincides with the time integral of the energy dissipation for the gradient flow associated with f . This paper is concerned with the stability in the hilbertian framework of this common action functional when f varies. More precisely, we show that if (fh)h is uniformly λ-convex for some λ ∈ R and converges towards f in the sense of Mosco convergence, then the related functionals G-converge in the strong topology of curves

Cell death and diseases related to oxidative stress:4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) in the balance

During the last three decades, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), a major α,β-unsaturated aldehyde product of n-6 fatty acid oxidation, has been shown to be involved in a great number of pathologies such as metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. These multiple pathologies can be explained by the fact that HNE is a potent modulator of numerous cell processes such as oxidative stress signaling, cell proliferation, transformation or cell death. The main objective of this review is to focus on the different aspects of HNE-induced cell death, with a particular emphasis on apoptosis. HNE is a special apoptotic inducer because of its abilities to form protein adducts and to propagate oxidative stress. It can stimulate intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways and interact with typical actors such as tumor protein 53, JNK, Fas or mitochondrial regulators. At the same time, due to its oxidant status, it can also induce some cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative stress, thus being involved in its own detoxification. These processes in turn limit the apoptotic potential of HNE. These dualities can imbalance cell fate, either toward cell death or toward survival, depending on the cell type, the metabolic state and the ability to detoxify

THE TOXINS OF BYSSOCHLAMYS N1VEA WESTLING. I. ACUTE TOXICITY OF PATULIN IN ADULT RATS AND MICE

International audienc