«Ridges on the floors of Hell»: traces ou palimpsestes dans le désert de The dead heart

The Dead Heart is American author Douglas Kennedy’s first novel. It was first translated into French in 1997 as Cul-de-sac . It was this translation that made Kennedy a household name in France and that gave The Dead Heart its identity as a roman noir. In the space of just 20 years the novel has been translated twice into French and adapted twice more, as a film and now as a graphic novel. Elsewhere, we have analyzed this trajectory from the perspective of retranslation and the ostensible differences between the two translation Skopoi, and the use of paratextual branding to target specific reading publics. Focusing on the graphic novel allows us here to go beyond the problematics of translation and to broaden the scope of our study of textual adaptation. It also allows us to reassess the originality of the source text

Algorithmic iteration for computational intelligence

Machine awareness is a disputed research topic, in some circles considered a crucial step in realising Artificial General Intelligence. Understanding what that is, under which conditions such feature could arise and how it can be controlled is still a matter of speculation. A more concrete object of theoretical analysis is algorithmic iteration for computational intelligence, intended as the theoretical and practical ability of algorithms to design other algorithms for actions aimed at solving well-specified tasks. We know this ability is already shown by current AIs, and understanding its limits is an essential step in qualifying claims about machine awareness and Super-AI. We propose a formal translation of algorithmic iteration in a fragment of modal logic, formulate principles of transparency and faithfulness across human and machine intelligence, and consider the relevance to theoretical research on (Super)-AI as well as the practical import of our results

Stability of ascorbic acid during apple processing

The present study analyses the influence of different phases of the technological process for the fabrication of the product “grated apples for pie”, on the ascorbic acid content. Other related parameters have also been measured: some enzymes activities (ascorbate oxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase), pH, total acidity, dry weight and soluble dry matter. In order to analyse the content in ascorbic acid, we used three different methods: 2, 6 – dichlorophenolindophenol, reflectometrically (using Reflectoquant) and HPLC and the obtained results were very similar. The researches were conducted in two consecutive years, in same conditions and the experimental material was produced by Contec Foods Tecuci, Romania. Both years, we observed an important instability of the ascorbic acid during the technological steps.The decrease of the ascorbic acid content in the final product was about 96% reported to the raw material

Bezlotoxumab for Prevention of Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection

BACKGROUND Clostridium difficile is the most common cause of infectious diarrhea in hospitalized patients. Recurrences are common after antibiotic therapy. Actoxumab and bezlotoxumab are human monoclonal antibodies against C. difficile toxins A and B, respectively. METHODS We conducted two double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trials, MODIFY I and MODIFY II, involving 2655 adults receiving oral standard-of-care antibiotics for primary or recurrent C. difficile infection. Participants received an infusion of bezlotoxumab (10 mg per kilogram of body weight), actoxumab plus bezlotoxumab (10 mg per kilogram each), or placebo; actoxumab alone (10 mg per kilogram) was given in MODIFY I but discontinued after a planned interim analysis. The primary end point was recurrent infection (new episode after initial clinical cure) within 12 weeks after infusion in the modified intention-to-treat population. RESULTS In both trials, the rate of recurrent C. difficile infection was significantly lower with bezlotoxumab alone than with placebo (MODIFY I: 17% [67 of 386] vs. 28% [109 of 395]; adjusted difference, −10.1 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], −15.9 to −4.3; P<0.001; MODIFY II: 16% [62 of 395] vs. 26% [97 of 378]; adjusted difference, −9.9 percentage points; 95% CI, −15.5 to −4.3; P<0.001) and was significantly lower with actoxumab plus bezlotoxumab than with placebo (MODIFY I: 16% [61 of 383] vs. 28% [109 of 395]; adjusted difference, −11.6 percentage points; 95% CI, −17.4 to −5.9; P<0.001; MODIFY II: 15% [58 of 390] vs. 26% [97 of 378]; adjusted difference, −10.7 percentage points; 95% CI, −16.4 to −5.1; P<0.001). In prespecified subgroup analyses (combined data set), rates of recurrent infection were lower in both groups that received bezlotoxumab than in the placebo group in subpopulations at high risk for recurrent infection or for an adverse outcome. The rates of initial clinical cure were 80% with bezlotoxumab alone, 73% with actoxumab plus bezlotoxumab, and 80% with placebo; the rates of sustained cure (initial clinical cure without recurrent infection in 12 weeks) were 64%, 58%, and 54%, respectively. The rates of adverse events were similar among these groups; the most common events were diarrhea and nausea. CONCLUSIONS Among participants receiving antibiotic treatment for primary or recurrent C. difficile infection, bezlotoxumab was associated with a substantially lower rate of recurrent infection than placebo and had a safety profile similar to that of placebo. The addition of actoxumab did not improve efficacy. (Funded by Merck; MODIFY I and MODIFY II ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT01241552 and NCT01513239.

Quantitative PCR-based diagnosis and follow-up of Chagas disease primary infection after solid organ transplant: A multicentre study

Chagas disease in solid organ transplant recipients may present as a primary infection (PI). Early detection is crucial for timely treatment. This is the largest observational multicentre study evaluating qPCR for early diagnosis and treatment monitoring of PI in seronegative recipients of organs from seropositive donors. Of 34 patients admitted at 5 health centers, PI was detected by qPCR in 8 (23.5%) within a posttransplant period of 40 days (interquartile range [IQR], 31–50 days). No PI was detected by the Strout test or clinical symptoms/signs. All patients had favorable treatment outcome with negative qPCR 31 days (IQR, 18–35 days) after treatment, with no posttreatment relapse episodes.Fil: Barcan, Laura A.. Hospital Italiano. Departamento de Medicina.; ArgentinaFil: Smud, Astrid. Hospital Italiano. Departamento de Medicina.; ArgentinaFil: Besuschio, Susana Alicia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; ArgentinaFil: Giorgio, Patricia L.. Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Temporiti, Elena. Centro de Educaciones Médicas e Investigación Clínica "Norberto Quirno"; ArgentinaFil: Salgueira, Claudia. Sanatorio la Trinidad Mitre;Fil: Pinoni, Maria V.. Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Nagel, Claudia. Fundación Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Schijman, Alejandro Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; Argentin

Fathom

[Extract] Terrestrial, bipedal, air breathing, and poorly waterproofed, how can humans fathom the bottom of the sea? This article was composed by an anthropologist, a cultural theorist, a philosopher, a coastal geographer, a cultural geographer, a feminist studies scholar, an artist, a spatial scientist, an ecocritic, a free diver, an STS scholar, a spear fisher, a biologist, a marine ecologist, a poet, a dancer, and a swimmer. (If the math does not add up, we remind you that we are always more than one.) Our insights emerged from a one-day workshop at Clovelly Beach in Sydney, Australia, on land and in the water, where we shared our perspectives and practices in researching ocean environments. Our collaboration is an experiment in multidisciplinary practice-based inquiry, where differences and tensions need not preclude collaborative understanding. In this article we combine emerging critical ocean studies and blue humanities perspectives to propose fathoming as a vital, embodied practice that gathers technoscientific acts of measurement together with practices of immersion, imagination, and speculation. Through collaborative multi-situated inquiry1 we learn new things not only about the sea but also about the limits of epistemological mastery and the rewards of knowing with

Initial empirical antibiotic therapy in kidney transplant recipients with pyelonephritis: A global survey of current practice and opinions across 19 countries on six continents.

Despite the burden of pyelonephritis after kidney transplantation, there is no consensus on initial empirical antibiotic management. We surveyed clinicians throughout the world on their practice and opinions about the initial empirical therapy of post-transplant pyelonephritis, using clinical vignettes. A panel of experts from 19 countries on six continents designed this survey, and invited 2145 clinicians to participate. A total of 721 clinicians completed the survey (response rate: 34%). In the hypothetical case of a kidney transplant recipient admitted with pyelonephritis but not requiring intensive care, most respondents reported initiating either a 3rd-generation cephalosporin (37%) or piperacillin-tazobactam (21%) monotherapy. Several patient-level factors dictated the selection of broader-spectrum antibiotics, including having a recent urine culture showing growth of a resistant organism (85% for extended-spectrum ß-lactamase-producing organisms, 90% for carbapenemase-producing organisms, and 94% for Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Respondents attributed high importance to the appropriateness of empirical therapy, which 87% judged important to prevent mortality. Significant practice and opinion variations were observed between and within countries. High-quality studies are needed to guide the empirical management of post-transplant pyelonephritis. In particular, whether prior urine culture results should systematically be reviewed and considered remains to be determined. Studies are also needed to clarify the relationship between the appropriateness of initial empirical therapy and outcomes of post-transplant pyelonephritis

Initial empirical antibiotic therapy in kidney transplant recipients with pyelonephritis: A global survey of current practice and opinions across 19 countries on six continents

BACKGROUND: Despite the burden of pyelonephritis after kidney transplantation, there is no consensus on initial empirical antibiotic management.METHODS: We surveyed clinicians throughout the world on their practice and opinions about the initial empirical therapy of post-transplant pyelonephritis, using clinical vignettes. A panel of experts from 19 countries on six continents designed this survey, and invited 2145 clinicians to participate.RESULTS: A total of 721 clinicians completed the survey (response rate: 34%). In the hypothetical case of a kidney transplant recipient admitted with pyelonephritis but not requiring intensive care, most respondents reported initiating either a 3rd-generation cephalosporin (37%) or piperacillin-tazobactam (21%) monotherapy. Several patient-level factors dictated the selection of broader-spectrum antibiotics, including having a recent urine culture showing growth of a resistant organism (85% for extended-spectrum ß-lactamase-producing organisms, 90% for carbapenemase-producing organisms, and 94% for Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Respondents attributed high importance to the appropriateness of empirical therapy, which 87% judged important to prevent mortality. Significant practice and opinion variations were observed between and within countries.CONCLUSION: High-quality studies are needed to guide the empirical management of post-transplant pyelonephritis. In particular, whether prior urine culture results should systematically be reviewed and considered remains to be determined. Studies are also needed to clarify the relationship between the appropriateness of initial empirical therapy and outcomes of post-transplant pyelonephritis.</p

Pauline Viardot as Salonniere

Pauline Viardot was one of the foremost opera singers of her day, praised by audiences, critics and peers for her vocal abilities and dramatic sensibilities. Attracted by her musicality, her intelligence and the range, flexibility and quality of her voice, the biggest names in nineteenth-century European musical life hastened to enlist her talents. As a practicing composer, producing 150 original songs and 200 vocal arrangements across her lifetime, Viardot cultivated the careers of aspiring composers whose work she admired. At the same time, she nurtured a studio of pupils who were introduced in her salons to a circle of influential friends and colleagues drawn to the great salonniere. The descriptions of Viardot's salon contained in this article form part of a larger body of research committed to investigating Viardot's vocal pedagogy. My contention is that as useful as the Garcia family's inherited pedagogical tools were to Viardot the teacher, it was in her salon that her pupils learned their most valuable lessons, through performance practice and industry connections