Desarrollo de una aplicación para estimar el nivel de rendimiento de una leguminosa

El objetivo de este proyecto es desarrollar una aplicación que permita estimar el rendimiento de la leguminosa Vicia Villosa Roth (VV) utilizando imágenes satelitales proporcionadas por Sentinel 2 y algoritmos de machine learning. Para entrenar y validar el modelo predictivo se cuenta con información recopilada en varios lotes y en varias campañas. El manejo de datos e imágenes se realiza en el entorno de la plataforma Google Earth Engine. Se busca que el modelo obtenido clasifique cada píxel en tres categorías de rendimiento: bajo, medio y alto. Los usuarios tendrían acceso a una interfaz intuitiva que les permitiría seleccionar parámetros, realizar un seguimiento del cultivo a través de un índice de vegetación y construir un mapa con la categoría esperada de rendimiento

Somatic mutations and single-cell transcriptomes reveal the root of malignant rhabdoid tumours

Malignant rhabdoid tumour (MRT) is an often lethal childhood cancer that, like many paediatric tumours, is thought to arise from aberrant fetal development. The embryonic root and differentiation pathways underpinning MRT are not firmly established. Here, we study the origin of MRT by combining phylogenetic analyses and single-cell mRNA studies in patient-derived organoids. Comparison of somatic mutations shared between cancer and surrounding normal tissues places MRT in a lineage with neural crest-derived Schwann cells. Single-cell mRNA readouts of MRT differentiation, which we examine by reverting the genetic driver mutation underpinning MRT, SMARCB1 loss, suggest that cells are blocked en route to differentiating into mesenchyme. Quantitative transcriptional predictions indicate that combined HDAC and mTOR inhibition mimic MRT differentiation, which we confirm experimentally. Our study defines the developmental block of MRT and reveals potential differentiation therapies

An organoid biobank for childhood kidney cancers that captures disease and tissue heterogeneity

Kidney tumours are among the most common solid tumours in children, comprising distinct subtypes differing in many aspects, including cell-of-origin, genetics, and pathology. Pre-clinical cell models capturing the disease heterogeneity are currently lacking. Here, we describe the first paediatric cancer organoid biobank. It contains tumour and matching normal kidney organoids from over 50 children with different subtypes of kidney cancer, including Wilms tumours, malignant rhabdoid tumours, renal cell carcinomas, and congenital mesoblastic nephromas. Paediatric kidney tumour organoids retain key properties of native tumours, useful for revealing patient-specific drug sensitivities. Using single cell RNA-sequencing and high resolution 3D imaging, we further demonstrate that organoid cultures derived from Wilms tumours consist of multiple different cell types, including epithelial, stromal and blastemal-like cells. Our organoid biobank captures the heterogeneity of paediatric kidney tumours, providing a representative collection of well-characterised models for basic cancer research, drug-screening and personalised medicine

Mundos mesclados, espaços segregados: cultura material, mestiçagem e segmentação no sítio Aldeia em Santarém (PA)

This article discusses the processes of cultural exchange between Portuguese, Portuguese-Brazilian, Amerindians, and mestizos based on the analysis of the material culture from households of Santarém (PA), occupied during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries,. Although these social groups manipulated material culture aiming to express different values, related to hierarchy, social segmentation, and affirmation of identities, ambiguity also characterizes these assemblages. This material ambiguity informs about the mixtures of both practices and cultural references that brought about the building of a mestizo society.Com base na análise da cultura material proveniente de unidades domésticas do núcleo urbano de Santarém (PA), ocupadas nos séculos XVIII e XIX, o presente artigo discute os processos de trocas culturais entre portugueses, luso-brasileiros, indígenas e mestiços. Embora esses grupos sociais tenham manipulado a cultura material visando expressar diferentes valores, relacionados à hierarquia, segmentação social e afirmação de identidades, a ambigüidade é uma característica das amostras analisadas, informando sobre as misturas de práticas e de referenciais culturais que levaram à construção de uma sociedade mestiça

A current overview of corticosteroid use in active ulcerative colitis

Introduction: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory condition that causes continuous mucosal inflammation of the colon. New biological drugs have been developed in order to avoid colectomy, but corticosteroids still play a crucial role in management of active UC. Areas covered: We reviewed the current literature about the importance of corticosteroid use in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. The evidence reviewed in this article is a summation of relevant scientific publications, expert opinion statements, and current practice guidelines. This review is a summary of expert opinion in the field without a formal systematic review of evidence. Expert opinion: Corticosteroids represent the mainstay of treatment in patients with severe UC and are very effective in inducing remission in mild to moderate flares not responding to combined oral and topical mesalazine. A valid alternative to systemic corticosteroids is represented by poorly absorbed steroids, such as Beclomethasone dipropionate and Budesonide MMX. In mild-moderate distal disease topical administration of corticosteroids (both systemic and BDP) is an effective alternative to topical mesalazine. However, corticosteroids do not represent a therapeutic option as a maintenance treatment since they are associated with multiple adverse effects

Effect of Barley Sowing Density on the Integrated Weed Management of Lolium rigidum (Annual Ryegrass) in Mediterranean Dryland: A Modeling Approach

Population models are particularly helpful for understanding long-term changes in the weed dynamics associated with integrated weed management (IWM) strategies. IWM practices for controlling L. rigidum are of high importance, mainly due to its widespread resistance that precludes chemical control as a single management method. The objective of this contribution is to simulate different IWM scenarios with special emphasis on the impact of different levels of barley sowing densities on L. rigidum control. To this effect, a weed–crop population model for both L. rigidum and barley life cycles was developed. Our results point out: (i) the necessity of achieving high control efficiencies (&gt;99%), (ii) that the increase of twice the standard sowing density of barley resulted in a reduction of 23.7% of the weed density, (iii) non-herbicide-based individual methods, such as delayed sowing and weed seed removal at harvest, proved to be inefficient for reducing drastically weed population, (iv) the implementation of at least three control tactics (seed removal, delay sowing and herbicides) is required for weed infestation eradication independently of the sowing rate, and (v) the effect of an increase in the sowing density is diluted as a more demanding weed control is reached. Future research should aim to disentangle the effect of different weed resistance levels on L. rigidum population dynamics and the required efficiencies for more sustainable IWM programs.</jats:p