Some Issues Associated with Increasing Georgia's Cigarette Tax

This policy brief provides revenue estimates for an increase in tobacco taxes, discusses social cost of smoking, and explores the effect on convenience store employment from increases in tobacco taxes

JJDP Monitoring Data — 1988: JJDP Violations and Juvenile Detention Counts for Lockups, Jails, Adult Correctional Facilities and Juvenile Detention Centers

This data supplement to the 1988 Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act Compliance Monitoring Report (Mar 1990) presents data on 1988 violations in Alaska of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (JJDPA), which mandates removal of status offenders and nonoffenders from secure detention and correctional facilities, sight and sound separation of juveniles and adults, and removal of juveniles from adult jails and lockups.Alaska Department of Health and Social Services, Division of Family and Youth ServicesJJDP Violations — 1988 / Offense Type by Duration of Detention — 1988 / All Facilities / Lockups / Jails / Correctional and Youth Facilitie

Molecular Weight Distribution of Proteins Synthesized in Single, Identified Neurons of Aplysia

Parietovisceral ganglia from Aplysia californica were incubated in medium containing leucine-3H. Single, identified nerve cell somas were isolated from the ganglia, and their proteins extracted and separated by electrophoresis on 5% SDS-polyacrylamide gels. The distribution of total or newly synthesized proteins from the single neurons was determined by staining or slicing and liquid scintillation counting of the gels. Experiments showed that: (a) a number of proteins were being synthesized in abundance in the nerve cells; (b) different, identified neurons showed reproducibly different labeling patterns in the gels; (c) cells R2 and R15, which showed different distributions of radioactivity in the gels, had similar staining patterns; and (d) there was significant incorporation into material of high (>75,000) molecular weight in most of the cells

Battle for the People: Ideological Conflict between Soviet Partisans, the German Military, and Ukrainian Nationalists in Nazi-Occupied Ukraine

Soviet historiography discusses the People’s War during the Second World War, the idea that all of the Soviet people rallied to the cause and fought off the Nazi invaders, but this is far from the truth. Within the western borderlands of the Soviet Union multiple conflicting groups fought for control of and support from the people. This was especially true in Ukraine where the German Army, Soviet Partisans and Ukrainian nationalists all fought ‘for the people’ and for their own ideologies. This paper is an attempt to discuss the ideological conflict between the Nazis, the Soviets, and the Ukrainian nationalists, and how the failure or success of these policies led to the legitimizing of policies of mass murder of the local Ukrainian, Jewish, and Polish populations, and how the tension from the partisan struggle continues to this day

Fiscal policy issues for Tanzania

Tanzania began serious efforts at reform more than twenty years ago, but the payoff to these – in macroeconomic stability, increased revenue and a rising revenue share – only gathered pace in the last decade. It is vital that the impact on these achievements of the global economic and financial crisis be minimized. This impact seems likely to follow three main routes; via sharp reductions in export revenues, including receipts from tourism; via reductions in FDI, remittances, and what had seemed to be the availability of non- or relatively low-concessional finance for infrastructure, with the outlook for ODA being less clear; and via a reduction in government revenues consequent on these changes and the reduction in growth that they have induced. Real growth in GDP is projected to have fallen from 7½ per cent in 2008 to 5 per cent in 2009. It is also believed that Tanzania’s recovery from this slowdown is likely to be gradual, as demand for its exports and foreign investment are both expected to lag behind a global recovery

[Review of] Susan Olzak. The Dynamics of Ethnic Competition and Conflict

Susan Olzak’s work, The Dynamics of Ethnic Competition and Conflict, is informative and contributes to an understanding of ethnic violence from an historical perspective. The central finding is that ethnic/racial conflict arises from an increase in intergroup competition for social resources. Exploring economic and political competition in the United States from 1877 to 1914, Olzak concludes that violence is most apt to occur when members of a disadvantaged ethnic/racial group experience greater equality of opportunity. This new environment creates a situation whereby members of a formerly segregated group become rivals for social awards. An environment which contains several disadvantaged groups competing for rewards -- a situation which existed in the period under investigation through a combination of racial migration from the south and European immigration -- leads to attacks on groups least able to defend themselves. Thus, the “..... breakdown of racially and ethnically ordered systems unleash forces of competitive exclusion against the least powerful targets in the system” (224). Olzak suggests this situation occured [occurred] with African Americans as European groups achieved social mobility

[Review of] David Delaney. Race, Place, & the Law

David Delaney\u27s work is informative and contributes to an understanding of race relations and the legal system. The central finding is that race relations exist in different spatial contexts at the same time. The author begins with the case Commonwealth v. Aves, 18 Pick. 193 (1836) which focuses on a young slave girl, Med and her freedom. The cause of action involved the movement of the servant girl to Massachusetts by her Louisiana master. The master was visiting relatives. Under Louisiana law Med was a slave, but Massachusetts law did not permit slavery

Alaska's System for Monitoring Compliance with the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act

Pursuant to Section 223(1)(15) of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 and 28 CFR Part 31.303(f), states are required to describe their plans and procedures for annually monitoring compliance with the Act. Alaska's monitoring plan was developed by the Justice Center of the University of Alaska Anchorage in 1988 under contract with the Alaska Division of Family and Youth Services (DFYS).Alaska Department of Health and Social Services, Division of Family and Youth ServicesI. The Monitoring Plan / A. Identification of Monitoring Universe / B. Classification of the Monitoring Universe / C. Inspection of Facilities / D. Data Collection and Verification / II. Barriers to Implementation of the Monitoring System / III. Violation Procedures / Appendix. Timetables for Completion of Monitoring Task

Students, Music and the Net: A Comment on Peer-To-Peer File Sharing

As most of the public now know, the recording industry has lately filed civil suits alleging copyright infringement against hundreds of individual defendants across the country, many (I think most) of them college students and campus hangers-on. Hundreds more such suits are said to be in the offing. The nature of the infringements? Peer-to-peer file sharing via the Internet: a kind of piracy, to use the term favored by the industry, or downloading, as it is generally thought of by the students themselves - but from either perspective, the practice of recording music from the Net while making it available in turn to others, using any of a growing number of computer programs designed to make the practice work