Beyond Prejudice as Simple Antipathy: Hostile and Benevolent Sexism Across Cultures

The authors argue that complementary hostile and benevolent componen:s of sexism exist ac ro.ss cultures. Male dominance creates hostile sexism (HS). but men's dependence on women fosters benevolent sexism (BS)-subjectively positive attitudes that put women on a pedestal but reinforce their subordination. Research with 15,000 men and women in 19 nations showed that (a) HS and BS are coherenl constructs th at correlate positively across nations, but (b) HS predicts the ascription of negative and BS the ascription of positive traits to women, (c) relative to men, women are more likely to reject HS than BS. especially when overall levels of sexism in a culture are high, and (d) national averages on BS and HS predict gender inequal ity across nations. These results challenge prevailing notions of prejudice as an antipathy in that BS (an affectionate, patronizing ideology) reflects inequality and is a cross-culturally pervasive complement to HS

‘Individual sovereignty’ in pandemic times – A contradiction in terms?

During the Covid-19 pandemic, appeals to ‘individual sovereignty’ have brought together a wide range of political actors across Europe, united in their rejection of face masks, ‘social distancing’, and other forms of state-imposed regulation of behavior and mobility. Opposition to state efforts to govern the spread of the pandemic has created, indeed, the most unlikely of coalitions—from anarchists and natural health proponents to anti-vaxxers and libertarians of all stripes (from the radical-ecological to the right-nativist)—all mobilizing around a purported defense of ‘personal freedoms’ and ‘individual rights’ against the sovereign power of states. In this piece, we take to task the notion of ‘individual sovereignty’ which has been invoked by these movements to contest the pandemic powers of the state. Our aim is to point out some fundamental contradictions that underpin such claims-making, from a legal and political-geographic point of view

Religious Accommodations for Educators: A Reexamination of Undue Burden in the Public School Classroom

This Essay addresses the question of how public schools should address existing tensions between employee religious rights and student identity and expression when a teacher refuses to use a student’s chosen name and pronouns. Guiding this issue and the practice for public school officials to follow is a 2024 decision of a federal district court in Kluge v. Brownsburg Community School District, and guidance published by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. While the court in Kluge recognized the substantial increased costs to the school of granting the religious accommodation when students are involved, the EEOC affirmed the need to balance individual rights in the workplace to avoid the creation of a hostile environment. Ultimately, these developments produce two key considerations for public school districts when dealing with religious accommodations that are discriminatory based on sex: hardship and hostility. There are many factors at play, but of most importance and worthy of heightened levels of consideration is the student