Preparative synthesis of fragrance substances based on vanillin and veratraldehyde

Methods of reception of fragrance substances are defined on the basis of vanillin and veratraldehyde by aldol-crotonic condensation with aliphatic and aromatic ketones (acetone, methylethylketone, heptanone-2, ?-ionone, acetophenone, p-methylacetophenone, p-acetyl-anisole). Distinctive feature of the given technique is the use of methanol as solvent and the replacement of potassium hydroxide on sodium hydroxide. For allocation of products of condensation from methanolic solution it is expedient to use 5%-s' solutions of hydrochloric acid instead of acetic acid that allows to receive purer product and raises its yield up to 80–90%. With the help of Infrared Spectroscopy the presence of the functional groups in the received substances was proved

Development of cosmetic cream structure using peptid and examining its emulsion properties

The search for new compounds to prevent or attenuate skin aging and enhance self-image is a priority of current research on active cosmetics. The modes of the cosmetic creams production such as “oil-water” on the basis of self-emulsifying basis Li poderm 4/1 were worked out. Matryxil peptide was used as active substance. A novel aspect of Matryxil is its ability to act via topical application, which offers multiple advantages in comparison to formulations based on botulin toxin. We studied the colloidal stability, thermal stability, pH, particle size of the dispersion phase. It was found out that the best one is to disperse the fat phase with the rotor speed of 10,000 min –1. Lower rotation leads to the production of emulsions with a wide range of dispersion phase sizes, higher rotation leads to the airing of the cream, which is reflected in its consistency. When stored for 60 days, the pH value does not undergo significant changes, which indicates the absence of hydrolytic processes in the emulsion, leading to deterioration of the finished product. Use of Matryxil peptide in an amount up to 5% in cosmetic cream formulation does not reduce the emulsion properties of the cream

Synthesis and properties of interaction product of rosin and diethylenetriamine

Amides of rosin resin acids are a promising material for use in the technology of paper and cardboard in order to increase its strength characteristics. Therefore product of rosin resin acids interaction with diethylenetriamine arouses interest. The influence of temperature and duration of the process of interaction of rosin resin acids with diethylenetriamine on the acid number of the product are examined in this article. Melting point of the received rosin amides was defined. The thermal stability of the reaction product of abietic acid with diethylenetriamine was studied. It was proved that this product contains the appropriate functional groups using IRspectroscopy

The creation and implementation of the resource-conserving technology of paper and paperboard sizing with hydro-dispersions of modified rosin in the mode of hetero-adagulation of peptized particles

The specific features of the application of hydro-dispersions of modified rosin (HDMR) in dispersed systems have been studied, and the technological mode of hydrophobicity rise, paper and cardboard strength increase has been developed. Изучены особенности применения гидродисперсий модифицированной канифоли (ГМК) в дисперсных системах и разработан технологический режим повышения гидрофобности и прочности бумаги и картона

Preparation of pine flotation oil by hydration with α-pinene

The hydration of α-pinene of gum turpentine and separately pinene fractions in the organic acids media for the purpose of obtaining terpene alcohols, which are widely used as flotation reagent for mineral processing in mining production were studied. The best results are obtained among the organic acids when 70% formic acid is used. The α-pinene hydration process in the acid imedium is exothermic, and it is necessary to maintain a constant temperature of 65 °C to reduce the rate of side reactions. The main component of turpentine, resulting in the formation of α-terpineol is α-pinene; 3-carene, terpinolene, and limonene contents do not practically change in the reaction mixture, which testify their stability in 70% formic acid media. The maximum content of terpene alcohols (60,1%) was obtained when using α-pinene fraction at a ratio of α-pinene and 70% formic acid 1.0 : 1.1 for 3 hours. Increase of the duration of hydration reaction leads to the decrease in the content of terpineol in the reactio n mixture due to the secondary isomerization processes

Inequality and violent crime: evidence from data on robbery and violent theft

This article argues that the link between income inequality and violent property crime might be spurious, complementing a similar argument in prior analysis by the author on the determinants of homicide. In contrast, Fajnzylber, Lederman & Loayza (1998; 2002a, b) provide seemingly strong and robust evidence that inequality causes a higher rate of both homicide and robbery/violent theft even after controlling for country-specific fixed effects. Our results suggest that inequality is not a statistically significant determinant, unless either country-specific effects are not controlled for or the sample is artificially restricted to a small number of countries. The reason why the link between inequality and violent property crime might be spurious is that income inequality is likely to be strongly correlated with country-specific fixed effects such as cultural differences. A high degree of inequality might be socially undesirable for any number of reasons, but that it causes violent crime is far from proven

Strength enhancement of packaging paper using nitrogen compounds

Nitrogen-containing compounds were synthesized for the first time in the department of chemical processing of wood. These polymers, which contain amino and amidogroups, different water solubility, regularity and linearity. The essence of obtaining nitrogen compounds studied based on the chemical interaction with rosin diethylenetriamine and adipic (fumaric) acid. Amino and amidogroups participate in the formation of additional strengthening ties. The tests of samples of paper containing his compositions containing compounds, have shown that the new synthesized polymers exhibit strengthening effect similar to the effect of import connections Maresin and Melapret

Fumaric acid amides in technologies of paper and cardboard

Fumaric acid polyamids were synthesized by interaction of fumaric acid with polyamines (diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine) by equilibrium polycondensation in the melt. The obtained products are promising as hardening additives in the technology of paper and cardboard. This article studies the type and rate effects of fumaric acid polyamides on some paper strength properties (breaking length, breaking force in dry and wet states). It is shown that the greatest effect of the paper hardening is achieved by using the additive, which is a product of polycondensation of fumaric acid and diethylenetriamine

Does the revised cardiac risk index predict cardiac complications following elective lung resection?

Background: Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI) score and Thoracic Revised Cardiac Risk Index (ThRCRI) score were developed to predict the risks of postoperative major cardiac complications in generic surgical population and thoracic surgery respectively. This study aims to determine the accuracy of these scores in predicting the risk of developing cardiac complications including atrial arrhythmias after lung resection surgery in adults. Methods: We studied 703 patients undergoing lung resection surgery in a tertiary thoracic surgery centre. Observed outcome measures of postoperative cardiac morbidity and mortality were compared against those predicted by risk. Results: Postoperative major cardiac complications and supraventricular arrhythmias occurred in 4.8% of patients. Both index scores had poor discriminative ability for predicting postoperative cardiac complications with an area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.59 (95% CI 0.51-0.67) for the RCRI score and 0.57 (95% CI 0.49-0.66) for the ThRCRI score. Conclusions: In our cohort, RCRI and ThRCRI scores failed to accurately predict the risk of cardiac complications in patients undergoing elective resection of lung cancer. The British Thoracic Society (BTS) recommendation to seek a cardiology referral for all asymptomatic pre-operative lung resection patients with > 3 RCRI risk factors is thus unlikely to be of clinical benefit