Calderón en el laberinto textual: intentio y dispositio en las variantes de la tradición

Debido al proceso de la difusión de las comedias auriseculares en general y las de Calderón en particular, el lector se encuentra con varias versiones del mismo texto y puede adquirir una idea falseada del texto. Son variaciones que se presentan entre el manuscrito y las versiones impresas, en los distintos manuscritos entre sí, o entre las distintas versiones impresas. Esos cambios pueden manifestarse tanto en el contenido (intentio) como en la forma externa del texto (dispositio). El trabajo del crítico, pues, será el de establecer una jerarquía de los testimonios para la elección del texto base y de los procedimientos de rescate de la variación textual

Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation After Prior Lung Transplantation for Hereditary Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis: A Case Report

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare, diffuse lung disorder characterized by surfactant accumulation in the small airways due to defective clearance by alveolar macrophages, resulting in impaired gas exchange. Whole lung lavage is the current standard of care treatment for PAP. Lung transplantation is an accepted treatment option when whole lung lavage or other experimental treatment options are ineffective, or in case of extensive pulmonary fibrosis secondary to PAP. A disadvantage of lung transplantation is recurrence of PAP in the transplanted lungs, especially in hereditary PAP. The hereditary form of PAP is an ultra-rare condition caused by genetic mutations in genes encoding for the granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptor, and intrinsically affects bone marrow derived-monocytes, which differentiate into macrophages in the lung. Consequently, these macrophages typically display disrupted GM-CSF receptor-signaling, causing defective surfactant clearance. Bone marrow/hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may potentially reverse the lung disease in hereditary PAP. In patients with hereditary PAP undergoing lung transplantation, post-lung transplant recurrence of PAP may theoretically be averted by subsequent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which results in a graft-versus-disease (PAP) effect, and thus could improve long-term outcome. We describe the successful long-term post-transplant outcome of a unique case of end-stage respiratory failure due to hereditary PAP-induced pulmonary fibrosis, successfully treated by bilateral lung transplantation and subsequent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Our report supports treatment with serial lung and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to improve quality of life and prolong survival, without PAP recurrence, in selected patients with end-stage hereditary PAP

Increased production of TGF-β1 from sputum cells of COPD: Relationship with airway obstruction

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic airway disease characterized by a profound airway remodelling that leads to airway obstruction. A role for transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) has been proposed in airway remodelling of COPD. Regarding the TGF-β1 production at local level, the results seemed to be controversial. In this study, an original model of sputum cell culture thought to maintain important cells interactions, was used. We investigated the production of TGF-β1 from sputum cell culture in 33 COPD encompassing the whole severity spectrum and compared the results with those found in 39 healthy controls. Sputum was induced by inhalation of saline, the cellular fraction cultured for 24 h and the spontaneous production of total TGF-β1 was assessed by ELISA. Using, a TGF-β1 reporter cell assay, we also compared the levels of active and total TGF-β1 in the sputum cell culture supernatants of COPD and controls. Moreover, as a combination of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and TGF-β1 have been shown to have a cumulative impact on the severity of airflow limitation in COPD, the TNF-α release was also measured in a representative subgroup of patients. Our results indicated that the use of sputum cell culture was a reliable and reproducible method to assess TGF-β1 production at airway level. Sputum cells from COPD produced greater amount of total TGF-β1 than those of healthy controls (p < 0.001). This result was confirmed using the cell reporter assay which also showed a higher level of active TGF-β1 in the COPD group compared to controls. In addition, total TGF-β1 production was increased according to GOLD stage and was inversely related to FEV1/FVC ratio (p < 0.05). By contrast, the production of this growth factor was not correlated with the functional markers of emphysema nor with demographic characteristics such as age, BMI or smoking status. Interestingly, the production of total TGF-β1 was inversely related to that of TNF-α (r = −0.53, p < 0.05) which was decreased in COPD. In summary, COPD patients displayed a raised production of total and active TGF-β1 from their airway cells. Total TGF-β1 correlates with the severity of airway obstruction without evidence of a link with emphysema.. © 2017 Elsevier Lt