The long and winding road leading to the successful introgression of downy mildew resistance into onion

Downy mildew resistance originating from Allium roylei Stearn provides a complete resistance to onions and is based on one, dominant gene. Since A. roylei can successfully be hybridized with onion (A. cepa L.), a breeding scheme aimed at the introgression of this gene was initiated ca. 20 years ago. Several setbacks in this programme were encountered, firstly the identified molecular marker linked to the downy mildew resistance locus became increasingly difficult to use and finally lost its discriminating power and secondly the final step, making homozygous introgression lines (ILs), turned out to be more difficult then was hoped. GISH analysis showed that the chromosomal region harbouring the resistance locus was the only remaining piece of A. roylei in the nuclear background of onion and it also confirmed that this region was located on the distal end of chromosome 3. It was hypothesized that some factor present in the remaining A. roylei region was lethal when homozygously present in an onion genetic background. The identification of an individual with a smaller and more distally located introgression fragment and homozygous ILs in its progeny validated this hypothesis. With the help of these nearly isogenic lines four AFLP® markers closely linked to the resistance gene were identified, which can be used for marker-aided selection. The introduction of downy mildew resistance caused by Peronospora destructor into onion is a significant step forward in the development of environmentally-friendly onion cultivars.<br/>Downy mildew resistance originating from Allium roylei Stearn provides a complete resistance to onions and is based on one, dominant gene. Since A. roylei can successfully be hybridized with onion (A. cepa L.), a breeding scheme aimed at the introgression of this gene was initiated ca. 20 years ago. Several setbacks in this programme were encountered, firstly the identified molecular marker linked to the downy mildew resistance locus became increasingly difficult to use and finally lost its discriminating power and secondly the final step, making homozygous introgression lines (ILs), turned out to be more difficult then was hoped. GISH analysis showed that the chromosomal region harbouring the resistance locus was the only remaining piece of A. roylei in the nuclear background of onion and it also confirmed that this region was located on the distal end of chromosome 3. It was hypothesized that some factor present in the remaining A. roylei region was lethal when homozygously present in an onion genetic background. The identification of an individual with a smaller and more distally located introgression fragment and homozygous ILs in its progeny validated this hypothesis. With the help of these nearly isogenic lines four AFLP (R) markers closely linked to the resistance gene were identified, which can be used for marker-aided selection. The introduction of downy mildew resistance caused by Peronospora destructor into onion is a significant step forward in the development of environmentally-friendly onion cultivars

Analysis of anxiety level in patients with myocardial revascularization compared with conservative approaches to the treatment of ischemic heart disease.

The aim of the study was a comparative analysis of personal and reactive anxiety in patients with ischemic artery disease within a year, depending on the method of treatment. A survey of 215 patients with ischemic heart disease was conducted in the departments of cardiology, interventional cardiology and cardiac surgery of the MI «Dnepropetrovsk Regional Clinical Center of Cardiology and Cardiosurgery DRC» in 2010 - 2016. All patients underwent invasive coronary angiography and were administered conservative or surgical treatment - aortocoronary bypass grafting or stenting of the coronary arteries. The level of anxiety was determined by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) three times: in the initial stage of treatment, at three months and 1 year after treatment. It is determined that at the initial stage, when the treatment strategy is determined, the level of personal and reactive anxiety is high in most patients. The lowest level of anxiety is observed in patients who are prescribed coronary artery by pass grafting, in the second place - patients waiting for stenting of the coronary arteries, the highest level of anxiety in patients with drug treatment (p&lt;0.001). Three months after the administered treatment, the level of anxiety of patients of different groups still requires additional attention and correction. A year later, patients with surgical revascularization of the myocardium no longer experience significant anxiety. The tendency to a high level of anxiety in patients with non-surgical approach to treatment is traced for a year and requires an additional medical correction of their psycho-emotional state

Assessment of the dynamics of depressive disorders in patients with coronary heart disease depending on the method of restoration of blood supply to the heart.

The aim of the study was to assess the symptoms of depression during a 1-years observation in patients with coronary heart disease, depending on the method of restoration of blood supply to the heart. The study included 215 patients with ischemic heart disease who during 2010-2016 received treatment in the departments of cardiology, interventional cardiology and cardiac surgery of KU «Dnepropetrovsk Regional Clinical Center of Cardiology and Cardiosurgery DOR». All patients underwent invasive coronary angiography and were administered conservative or surgical treatment - aortocoronary bypass grafting or stenting of the coronary arteries. The level of depression was determined by Zung’s Self-Rating Depression Scale – SDS three times: at the initial stage of treatment, after three months and 1 year after treatment. It was determined that in patients with IHD, the frequency of depressive states and conditions close to them varies from 81.97% (95% CI 70.53 to 89.62) in patients who are prescribed bypass and to 98.55% (95% CI 92.24 - 99.74) in patients with conservative treatment. The vast majority of patients in all groups are represented by patients with mild or masked depression. 4.71% of cases of true depression in the coronary artery stenting group and 5.8% – in the conservative treatment group were revealed. According to the correlation analysis, the dependence of the average depression level on the chosen treatment method was found (ρ=0.19; р=0.027). The choice of a surgical or conser­vative method of treatment can affect general level of mood and indirectly – quality of life in the long-term period

New records to the vascular flora of Kazakhstan (Central Asia)

The paper presents distributional data for seven species new for the flora of Kazakhstan: Atriplex gardneri var. aptera(A. Nelson) S. L. Welsh. & Crompton, Cardamine hirsuta L., Carduus acanthoides L., Galega orientalis Lam., Silene csereiBaumg., Didymophysa fedtschenkoana Regel and Acinos arvensis (Lam.) Dandy. Didymophysa fedtschenkoana is a native ele-ment in the Kazakh flora; the other species should be treated as alien, expansively spreading or invasive in this part of Asia. A list of localities of the species in Kazakhstan and their habitat preferences are presented

Сравнительная характеристика допплерографических исследований в оценке диастолической функции у больных бронхиальной астмой

Diastolic dysfunction of both right and left heart could not be diagnosed using usual Doppler echocardiography in early#stage bronchial asthma. Recently a new more sensitive method of tissue Doppler echocardiography is available which allows detection of right and left heart diastolic dysfunction in mild asthma patients whereas spectral Doppler echocardiography reveals these disorders in moderate and severe asthma.У больных бронхиальной астмой (БА) различной степени тяжести достаточно часто имеет место диастолическая дисфункция как правых, так и левых отделов сердца, которая на ранних стадиях не диагностируется с помощью обычной допплерографии. В настоящее время появился новый, более чувствительный, метод, позволяющий решить эту проблему, – тканевая допплерография. Эта методика позволяет диагностировать диастолическую дисфункцию правого и левого желудочков уже при легкой степени БА, в то время как спектральная допплерография выявляет данные нарушения у пациентов со среднетяжелой и тяжелой формами заболевания

Genetic analysis of the interaction between Allium species and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

The response of Alliumcepa, A. roylei, A. fistulosum, and the hybrid A. fistulosum × A. roylei to the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Glomus intraradices was studied. The genetic basis for response to AMF was analyzed in a tri-hybrid A. cepa × (A. roylei × A. fistulosum) population. Plant response to mycorrhizal symbiosis was expressed as relative mycorrhizal responsiveness (R′) and absolute responsiveness (R). In addition, the average performance (AP) of genotypes under mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal conditions was determined. Experiments were executed in 2 years, and comprised clonally propagated plants of each genotype grown in sterile soil, inoculated with G. intraradices or non-inoculated. Results were significantly correlated between both years. Biomass of non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal plants was significantly positively correlated. R′ was negatively correlated with biomass of non-mycorrhizal plants and hence unsuitable as a breeding criterion. R and AP were positively correlated with biomass of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants. QTLs contributing to mycorrhizal response were located on a linkage map of the A. roylei × A. fistulosum parental genotype. Two QTLs from A. roylei were detected on chromosomes 2 and 3 for R, AP, and biomass of mycorrhizal plants. A QTL from A. fistulosum was detected on linkage group 9 for AP (but not R), biomass of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants, and the number of stem-borne roots. Co-segregating QTLs for plant biomass, R and AP indicate that selection for plant biomass also selects for enhanced R and AP. Moreover, our findings suggest that modern onion breeding did not select against the response to AMF, as was suggested before for other cultivated species. Positive correlation between high number of roots, biomass and large response to AMF in close relatives of onion opens prospects to combine these traits for the development of more robust onion cultivars

The influence of comorbidity on the quality of life, the level of anxiety to therapy in patients suffering from nonspecific aortoarteritis

Nowadays quality of life is becoming a growing concern, including rheumatology. However, there are a few studies on quality of life of patients with Takayasu arteritis. In the light of the above, investigations related to quality of life are rather relevant in case of Takayasu disease. Objective. To assess the influence of comorbidity on quality of life, anxiety and adherence of treatment in patients suffering from nonspecific aortoarteritis Materials and methods. The study included 38 patients different sex and age, suffering from NAA, hospitalized in Ural Regional Hospital № 1 between 2013 and 2017. The design of the research is one-time cross-sectional study. For examine the quality of life of patients with TA we used the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (SF-36), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) , Morisky Green Levine Medication Adherence Scale (MGLS) Results: Comorbidity influences on quality of life, adherence of treatment in patients suffering from nonspecific aortoarteritis.В настоящее время достаточно большое внимание стало уделяться проблеме качества жизни пациентов, в том числе и ревматологического профиля. Однако, исследований касаемо качества жизни пациентов с артериитом Такаясу достаточно мало. В связи с этим вопросы, связанные с качеством жизни актуальны в аспекте данного заболевания. Цель. Оценить влияние коморбидности на качество жизни, уровень тревожности и приверженности к терапии у пациентов, страдающих неспецифическим аортоартериитом Материалы и методы. В исследование вошли 38 пациентов, страдающих НАА разного пола и возраста, находящие на поликлинических приемах или госпитализированные в Свердловскую областную клиническую больницу № 1 в период с 2013 по 2017 года. дизайн исследования - одномоментное кросссекционное исследование. Оценка качества жизни проводилась с помощью опросника SF-36, опросника HADS, Мориски Грина. Выводы: коморбидность оказывает влияние как на качество жизни, как на приверженность к терапии у пациентов, страдающих неспецифическим аортоартериитом

Potent E. coli M‑17 Growth Inhibition by Ultrasonically Complexed Acetylsalicylic Acid−ZnO−Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles

A single-step ultrasonic method (20 kHz) is demonstrated for the complexation of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)−ZnO− graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles with an average size of <70 nm in aqueous solution. ASA−ZnO−GO more e ffi ciently inhibits the growth of probiotic Escherichia coli strain M-17 and exhibits enhanced antioxidant properties than free ASA and ASA−ZnO in neutralization of hydroxyl radicals in the electro-Fenton process. This improved function of ASA in the ASA −ZnO GO can be attributed to the well-de fi ned cone-shaped morphology, the surface structure containing hydroxyl and carboxylate groups of ZnO−GO nanoparticles, which facilitated the complexation with ASA

Intraoperative Intraluminal Endoscopy in the Surgical Treatment of Patients with Esophageal Diverticula of Various Localization

Aim. To improve the results of surgical treatment of patients with esophageal diverticulum of various localization using intraoperative intraluminal endoscopy. Materials and Methods: The Department of Surgery of the Esophagus and Stomach, the Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, has accumulated a large experience in treating diverticulosis patients. Thus, during the 2010–2018 period, 74 patients with esophageal diverticula of various localization were operated. Out of them, 56 (75.7 %), 10 (13.5 %) and 8 (10.8 %) patients underwent surgical treatment with respect to faringo-esophageal, bifurcation and epiphrenic diverticula, respectively. The patients were divided into two groups: 31 people (41.9 %) in the main group underwent diverticulectomy with intraoperative intraluminal endoscopic assistance (IVEA), while 43 (58.1 %) people in the control group underwent diverticulectomy without IVEA. Intraoperatively, at the stage of discovering diverticulum, the endoscopist applied transillumination and air insufflation in the cavity of the diverticulum, followed by controlling the mobilization of diverticulum. At the resection stage, the completeness of the surgical removal was controlled, along with the absence of esophageal lumen narrowing after sewing the neck of the diverticulum using a linear stapler.Results. The average duration of the operation in patients with Zenker’s diverticula and those in the control group was 45.5 ± 8.8 min and 73.8 ± 12.7 min (p &lt; 0.05), respectively. In patients with the diverticula of the middle and lower third of the esophagus, the average surgery duration was equal to 120.3 ± 11.2 min and 150.5 ± 17.3 (p &lt;0.05) min in the main and control groups, respectively. Radiological examination 2–3 days after surgery revealed no complications in the main group. In the control group, 2 (4.7 %) patients showed a small leakage of the contrast agent outside the esophagus (stopped conservatively). Signs of mild dysphagia when taking solid foods were detected in 1 (2.4 %) patient of the control group. This condition was associated with excessive ingress of the esophageal wall into the apparatus suture, which led to a slight narrowing of its lumen. No patients with dysphagia in the postoperative period were recorded in the main group. Conclusion: The combination of surgical treatment of esophageal diverticula with IVEA allows the duration of surgery to be optimized, deformation of the esophageal lumen to be avoided, possible complications to be minimized, thereby improving the results of surgical treatment