Fine structure of alpha decay in odd nuclei

Using an alpha decay level scheme, an explanation for the fine structure in odd nuclei is evidenced by taking into account the radial and rotational couplings between the unpaired nucleon and the core of the decaying system. It is stated that the experimental behavior of the alpha decay fine structure phenomenon is directed by the dynamical characteristics of the system.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, REVTex, submitted to Physical Review

Doping dependence of an n-type cuprate superconductor investigated by ARPES

We present an angle resolved photoemission (ARPES) doping dependence study of the n-type cuprate superconductor Nd_2-xCe_xCuO_4, from the half-filled Mott-insulator to the T_c=24K superconductor. In Nd2CuO4, we reveal the charge-transfer band (CTB) for the first time. As electrons are doped into the system, this feature's intensity decreases with the concomitant formation of near-E_F spectral weight. At low doping, the Fermi surface is an electron-pocket (with volume ~ x) centered at (pi,0). Further doping leads to the creation of a new hole-like Fermi surface (volume ~ 1+x) centered at (pi,pi). These findings shed light on the Mott gap, its doping evolution, as well as the anomalous transport properties of the n-type cuprates.Comment: Submitted Phys. Rev. Lett. - Nov. 20, 200

Phase Decomposition and Chemical Inhomogeneity in Nd2-xCexCuO4

Extensive X-ray and neutron scattering experiments and additional transmission electron microscopy results reveal the partial decomposition of Nd2-xCexCuO4 (NCCO) in a low-oxygen-fugacity environment such as that typically realized during the annealing process required to create a superconducting state. Unlike a typical situation in which a disordered secondary phase results in diffuse powder scattering, a serendipitous match between the in-plane lattice constant of NCCO and the lattice constant of one of the decomposition products, (Nd,Ce)2O3, causes the secondary phase to form an oriented, quasi-two-dimensional epitaxial structure. Consequently, diffraction peaks from the secondary phase appear at rational positions (H,K,0) in the reciprocal space of NCCO. Additionally, because of neodymium paramagnetism, the application of a magnetic field increases the low-temperature intensity observed at these positions via neutron scattering. Such effects may mimic the formation of a structural superlattice or the strengthening of antiferromagnetic order of NCCO, but the intrinsic mechanism may be identified through careful and systematic experimentation. For typical reduction conditions, the (Nd,Ce)2O3 volume fraction is ~1%, and the secondary-phase layers exhibit long-range order parallel to the NCCO CuO2 sheets and are 50-100 angstromsthick. The presence of the secondary phase should also be taken into account in the analysis of other experiments on NCCO, such as transport measurements.Comment: 15 pages, 17 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Spin-based quantum information processing with semiconductor quantum dots and cavity QED

A quantum information processing scheme is proposed with semiconductor quantum dots located in a high-Q single mode QED cavity. The spin degrees of freedom of one excess conduction electron of the quantum dots are employed as qubits. Excitonic states, which can be produced ultrafastly with optical operation, are used as auxiliary states in the realization of quantum gates. We show how properly tailored ultrafast laser pulses and Pauli-blocking effects, can be used to achieve a universal encoded quantum computing.Comment: RevTex, 2 figure

Quantum computing with four-particle decoherence-free states in ion trap

Quantum computing gates are proposed to apply on trapped ions in decoherence-free states. As phase changes due to time evolution of components with different eigenenergies of quantum superposition are completely frozen, quantum computing based on this model would be perfect. Possible application of our scheme in future ion-trap quantum computer is discussed.Comment: 10 pages, no figures. Comments are welcom

Review of SIS Experimental Results on Strangeness

>A review of meson emission in heavy ion collisions at incident energies around 1 -- 2 $A\cdot$GeV is presented. It is shown how the shape of the spectra and the various particle yields vary with system size, with centrality and with incident energy. A statistical model assuming thermal and chemical equilibrium and exact strangeness conservation (i.e. strangeness conservation per collision) explains most of the observed features. Emphasis is put onto the study of $K^+$ and $K^-$ emission. In the framework of this statistical model it is shown that the experimentally observed equality of $K^+$ and $K^-$ rates at threshold corrected energies $\sqrt{s} - \sqrt{s_{th}}$ is due to a crossing of two excitation functions. Furthermore, the independence of the $K^+$ to $K^-$ ratio on the number of participating nucleons observed between 1 and 10 $A\cdot$GeV is consistent with this model. The observed flow effects are beyond the scope of this model.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, Strangeness 2000, V International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter, July, 2000, Berkeley, Californi

On the α−\alpha-decay of deformed actinide nuclei

$\alpha-$decay through a deformed potential barrier produces significant mixing of angular momenta when mapped from the nuclear interior to the outside. Using experimental branching ratios and either semi-classical or coupled-channels transmission matrices, we have found that there is a set of internal amplitudes which are essentially constant for all even--even actinide nuclei. These same amplitudes also give good results for the known anisotropic $\alpha-$particle emission of the favored decays of odd nuclei in the same mass region. PACS numbers: 23.60.+e, 24.10.Eq, 27.90.+bComment: 5 pages, latex (revtex style), 2 embedded postscript figures uuencoded gz-compressed .tar file To appear in Physical Review Letter