Saving, growth, and investment: a macroeconomic analysis using a panel of countries

This paper provides a descriptive analysis of the long- and short-run correlations among saving, investment, and growth rates for 123 countries over the period 1961-94. Three results are robust across data sets and estimation methods: i) lagges saving rates are positively related to investment rates; ii) investment rates Granger cause growth rates with a negative sign; iii) growth rates Granger-cause investment with a positive sign

Histopatología del osteosarcoma

El diagnóstico del osteosarcoma plantea una serie de problemas específicos. De hecho, se debe tener en cuenta la existencia de diversas variantes, con pronósticos diferentes y que requieren enfoques terapéuticos igualmente distintos. En este mismo sentido, la introducción de nuevos protocolos terapéuticos, incluyendo la quimioterapia preoperatoria, requiere una evaluación histopatológica cuidadosa del especimen a fin de cuantificar la necrosis inducida por la quimioterapia y los márgenes quirúrgicos. El presente estudio analiza las diferentes variantes histopatológicas y los problemas que se relacionan con la evaluación de los efectos de la quimioterapia preoperatoria sobre el especimen resecado.Diagnosis of osteosarcoma presents specific problems. In fact, several and different varieties, presenting different prognosis and requiring different treatments, have to be recognized. Moreover, the adoption of new therapeutic protocols including preoperative chemotherapy, requires a careful histopathological evaluation of the specimen to quantify the chemotherapy-induced necrosis and the surgical margins. This paper analyzes the different histopathological varieties and problems related to the evaluation of the effects on the resected specimen of preoperative chemotherapy

Tratamiento del osteosarcoma localizado de las extremidades

En la década de los setenta, la introducción de la quimioterapia preoperatoria en el tratamiento del osteosarcoma proporcionó mejoras dramáticas en los resultados obtenidos a largo plazo, en cuanto a la supervivencia libre de enfermedad y los procedimientos de salvación de miembros. En el presente trabajo se describe la experiencia acumulada en el Instituto Rizzoli, con la aplicación de varios protocolos activados sucesivamente. Igualmente, se describen los distintos factores pronósticos, la necrosis inducida por quimioterapia, dosis/intensidad y niveles séricos de metotrexato.In the seventies, the introduction of preoperative chemotherapy in the treatment of osteosarcoma dramatically improved the results in terms of disease-free survival and limb salvage procedures. This paper reports the experience at the Rizzoli Institute showing the results obtained with several successively activated protocols. Different prognostic factors, including chemotherapy induced necrosis, dose/intensity, methotrexate serum concentration are also discussed

Price indices for artists - A proposal

This paper proposes a price index for artists based on the ratio between the average market price and the average estimated price of the paintings sold by an artist each year, adjusted for market dynamics. We apply this methodology to a group of selected artists and schools drawing from a database including auction prices and estimated prices of paintings presented in auctions world wide between 1990 and 2001. A comparison with quality unadjusted and hedonic indices is also proposed

Small-molecule inhibition of STOML3 oligomerization reverses pathological mechanical hypersensitivity

The skin is equipped with specialized mechanoreceptors that allow the perception of the slightest brush. Indeed, some mechanoreceptors can detect even nanometer-scale movements. Movement is transformed into electrical signals via the gating of mechanically activated ion channels at sensory endings in the skin. The sensitivity of Piezo mechanically gated ion channels is controlled by stomatin-like protein-3 (STOML3), which is required for normal mechanoreceptor function. Here we identify small-molecule inhibitors of STOML3 oligomerization that reversibly reduce the sensitivity of mechanically gated currents in sensory neurons and silence mechanoreceptors $\textit{in vivo}$. STOML3 inhibitors in the skin also reversibly attenuate fine touch perception in normal mice. Under pathophysiological conditions following nerve injury or diabetic neuropathy, the slightest touch can produce pain, and here STOML3 inhibitors can reverse mechanical hypersensitivity. Thus, small molecules applied locally to the skin can be used to modulate touch and may represent peripherally available drugs to treat tactile-driven pain following neuropathy.This study was funded by DFG collaborative research grant SFB958 (projects A09 to K.P. and G.R.L., A01 to V.H. and Z02 to J.S.). Additional support was provided by a senior ERC grant (grant number 294678 to G.R.L.) and by the NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence (to V.H., G.R.L. and J.F.A.P.). K.P. was supported by a Cecile-Vogt Fellowship (MDC). S.P. was supported by a Marie Curie Fellowship from the European Union (grant number 253663 Touch in situ). C.P. received a Ph.D. fellowship from the University of Cagliari. J.F.A.P. was funded by a European Research Council (ERC) starting grant (ERC-2010-StG-260590), the DFG (FOR 1341, FOR 2143), the Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) and the European Union (FP7, 3x3Dimaging 323945). R.K. was supported by an ERC Advanced Investigator grant (294293-PAIN PLASTICITY). D.H. was funded by the Berlin Institute of Health (BIH). E.St.J.S., L.E. and M.M. were supported by an Alexander von Humboldt Fellowship