Gender composition of pairs influences joint action effect

Research on joint action has demonstrated that individuals are sensitive to a coactor’s attentional relation to jointly attend stimuli. It has also been suggested that some features are necessary to resolve the discrimination problem (i.e., self-own and other-own actions). In the present study, we aimed to test whether the gender composition of interacting pairs modulated the joint action effect. Same- (female-female or male-male) and mixed- (female-male) gender pairs performed a joint version of flanker tasks in Experiment 1 (90 participants, 50% males), while in Experiment 2 (154 participants, 50% males) Navon tasks were performed. In Experiment 1, a higher joint flanker effect in same-gender pairs than in mixed-gender pairs, and this joint effect was similar to the classical flanker effect reported by males and females in a classical procedure of the task (70 participants, 50% males). In Experiment 2, the same-gender pairs reported a joint Navon effect, which was reversed in mixed-gender pairs. In conclusion, our findings support how the gender composition of interacting pairs plays a role in joint attentional tasks

The Longitudinal Interplay between Sleep, Anthropometric Indices, Eating Behaviors, and Nutritional Aspects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Sleep is fundamental for adolescents’ healthy development but undergoes dramatic changes in quantity and quality due to the conflict between biological and social rhythms. Insufficient sleep has been associated with worse physical health status and irregular eating behaviors in adolescents. This review aims to systematically synthesize the longitudinal associations between adolescents’ sleep dimensions (i.e., duration, timing, quality, and insomnia symptoms) and physical health indicators (i.e., anthropometric indices, fat percentage, and risk of obesity), eating behaviors, and nutritional aspects (i.e., type of diet related to the intake of specific foods and nutrients, amount and timing of food consumption, energy expenditure). A total of 28 longitudinal studies were included. The meta-analytic results showed that longer sleep duration, better sleep quality, and lower insomnia symptoms were associated with lower BMI and fat percentage and that shorter sleep duration (<7 h) and lower sleep quality were associated with a higher risk of obesity. Conversely, anthropometric indices were not related to sleep over time. Limited literature examined the bidirectional association between adolescents’ sleep and their eating behaviors and nutritional aspects. Such knowledge sheds new light on the role of sleep for adolescents’ health, highlighting the need to examine further the interplay between these variables

Female gender but not season of birth is associated with mood seasonality in a near-equatorial Brazilian city

OBJECTIVE: Studies conducted mainly in countries located in the Northern Hemisphere have shown that season of birth influences mood seasonality. Greater mood seasonality has been observed for individuals born during spring/summer months than those born during autumn/winter months. Expanding past research to the Southern Hemisphere, in this study we examine the influence of season of birth on mood seasonality in a sample of 1,247 healthy young Brazilians. METHOD: The Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire was used to compute a global seasonality score as a measure of mood seasonality in a cross-sectional study. RESULTS: Analysis of covariance was conducted to examine the effects of month of birth and gender on mood seasonality, with age entered as a covariate. A main effect of gender was observed, F (1, 1197) = 17.86, p .05. CONCLUSION: The unexpected finding is tentatively explained by differences in geographic location and weather fluctuations between the sampling location in Brazil and other countries where season of birth has been found to influence mood seasonality. Additional studies with larger samples from the Southern Hemisphere are necessary to shed additional light on the possible significant influence of season of birth on mood

Morningness–Eveningness Preference and Motor Wake–Sleep Inertia in Adolescents

The aim of the present work was to analyze possible differences in the wake–sleep and sleep–wake transition in relation to adolescents’ circadian preference using actigraphy. Overall, 729 participants were enrolled in the research and 443 of them wore actigraphs on the non-dominant wrist for at least three nights. According to the reduced Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents cut-off scores, 61 participants belonged to the evening-type category, while 38 participants belonged to the morning-type. We extracted the motor activity counts, minute-by-minute, during the wake–sleep and sleep–wake transitions, to depict the motor wake inertia and motor sleep inertia, respectively. We adopted the functional linear modeling statistical framework to examine the changes in both transitions according to chronotype. Overall, the results show a significantly higher motor wake inertia and lower motor sleep inertia in morning compared to evening types

The Astounding World of Glycans from Giant Viruses

Viruses are a heterogeneous ensemble of entities, all sharing the need for a suitable host to replicate. They are extremely diverse, varying in morphology, size, nature, and complexity of their genomic content. Typically, viruses use host-encoded glycosyltransferases and glycosidases to add and remove sugar residues from their glycoproteins. Thus, the structure of the glycans on the viral proteins have, to date, typically been considered to mimick those of the host. However, the more recently discovered large and giant viruses differ from this paradigm. At least some of these viruses code for an (almost) autonomous glycosylation pathway. These viral genes include those that encode the production of activated sugars, glycosyltransferases, and other enzymes able to manipulate sugars at various levels. This review focuses on large and giant viruses that produce carbohydrate-processing enzymes. A brief description of those harboring these features at the genomic level will be discussed, followed by the achievements reached with regard to the elucidation of the glycan structures, the activity of the proteins able to manipulate sugars, and the organic synthesis of some of these virus-encoded glycans. During this progression, we will also comment on many of the challenging questions on this subject that remain to be addressed

Chloroviruses have a sweet tooth

Chloroviruses are large double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses that infect certain isolates of chlorella-like green algae. They contain up to approximately 400 protein-encoding genes and 16 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes. This review summarizes the unexpected finding that many of the chlorovirus genes encode proteins involved in manipulating carbohydrates. These include enzymes involved in making extracellular polysaccharides, such as hyaluronan and chitin, enzymes that make nucleotide sugars, such as GDP-L-fucose and GDP-D-rhamnose and enzymes involved in the synthesis of glycans attached to the virus major capsid proteins. This latter process differs from that of all other glycoprotein containing viruses that traditionally use the host endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi machinery to synthesize and transfer the glycans

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac

Role of age as eligibility criterion for ECMO in patients with ARDS: meta-regression analysis

BackgroundAge as an eligibility criterion for V-V ECMO is widely debated and varies among healthcare institutions. We examined how age relates to mortality in patients undergoing V-V ECMO for ARDS.MethodsSystematic review and meta-regression of clinical studies published between 2015 and June 2024. Studies involving at least 6 ARDS patients treated with V-V ECMO, with specific data on ICU and/or hospital mortality and patient age were included. The search strategy was executed in PubMed, limited to English-language. COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 populations were analyzed separately. Meta-regressions of mortality outcomes on age were performed using gender, BMI, SAPS II, APACHE II, Charlson comorbidity index or SOFA as covariates.ResultsIn non-COVID ARDS, the meta-regression of 173 studies with 56,257 participants showed a significant positive association between mean age and ICU/hospital mortality. In COVID-19 ARDS, a significant relationship between mean age and ICU mortality, but not hospital mortality, was found in 103 studies with 21,255 participants. Sensitivity analyses confirmed these findings, highlighting a linear relationship between age and mortality in both groups. For each additional year of mean age, ICU mortality increased by 1.2% in non-COVID ARDS and 1.9% in COVID ARDS.ConclusionsThe relationship between age and ICU mortality is linear and shows no inflection point. Consequently, no age cut-off can be recommended for determining patient eligibility for V-V ECMO

Prevention of breast cancer by recapitulation of pregnancy hormone levels

At the present time, the only approved method of breast cancer prevention is use of the selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) tamoxifen. Many breast cancers are driven to grow by estrogen, and tamoxifen exploits this by blocking estrogen action at the estrogen receptor. A counter-intuitive and controversial approach to breast cancer prevention is administration of estrogen and progestin at an early age to achieve pregnancy levels. This approach is supported by the fact that breast cancer incidence is halved by early (≤ 20 years of age) full-term pregnancy. Moreover, it has been demonstrated in rodent models that mimicking the hormonal milieu can effectively prevent carcinogen-induced mammary cancer. In this issue of Breast Cancer Research Rajkumar and colleagues use the rodent model to further define the timing and type of hormonal therapy that is effective in preventing mammary carcinogenesis. Clearly, application of this approach in humans may be difficult, but the potential benefit is intriguing