Welke waarde hebben rundveerassen voor de Nederlandse burger?

In de Nederlandse en Europese melkveehouderij zijn lokale rundveerassen voor groot deel vervangen door het hoogproductieve Holstein Friesian melkveeras. Het Centrum voor Genetische Bronnen Nederland (CGN) van Wageningen UR heeft in het EURECA-project (mede gefinancierd door de Europese Commissie) onderzocht wat nodig is om lokale rundveerassen in stand te houden

Trends in source gases

Source gases are defined as those gases that, by their breakdown, introduce into the stratosphere halogen, hydrogen, and nitrogen compounds that are important in stratospheric ozone destruction. Given here is an update of the existing concentration time series for chlorocarbons, nitrous oxide, and methane. Also reviewed is information on halogen containing species and the use of these data for establishing trends. Also reviewed is evidence on trends in trace gases that influence tropospheric chemistry and thus the tropospheric lifetimes of source gases, such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, or nitrogen oxides. Much of the information is given in tabular form

Statistical estimation of trailing edge noise from finite wall-mounted airfoils

The 2016 Joint Conference of The Australian Acoustical Society and The Acoustical Society of New Zealand. Acoustics2016 - The Second Australasian Acoustical Societies ConferenceIt is important to be able to accurately model the flow and noise generated by finite wall-mounted airfoil flows because of the many engineering applications in which these flows occur. One method for predicting turbulent trailing edge noise is the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes based statistical noise model (RSNM) of Doolan et al. (Proceedings of 20th International Congress on Acoustics, ICA 2010). The RSNM method has previously been used successfully on a range of two-dimensional geometry-flow cases. In this paper a new turbulent velocity cross-spectrum model and improved implementation are proposed to allow the RSNM method to be used to effectively and efficiently predict turbulent trailing edge noise from more complex three-dimensional cases. Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations of a series of wing-in-junction cases are used in combination with the developed acoustic model to predict the far-field noise and compared against experimental noise measurements.Jesse Coombs, Con Doolan, Anthony Zander, Danielle Moreau and Laura Brook

Boceprevir in combination with HIV protease inhibitors in patients with advanced fibrosis-altered drug-drug interactions?

In HIV/HCV co-infected patients improved treatment outcomes have been reported for the HCV protease inhibitors (PIs) boceprevir (BOC) and telaprevir (TVR), reaching SVR rates of up to 70% in pilot trials. Due to complex drug-drug-interactions triple therapy is substantially limited in HIV/HCV-coinfected individuals. Co-administration of BOC with the commonly available HIV PIs has been reported not only to decrease the level of BOC but also to lead to relevant decreases in the respective HIV PI. Here, we report on two patients who received BOC-containing HCV triple therapy in combination with a HIV PI. Patient 1 was on darunavir 800 mg/ritonavir 100 mg once-daily mono-therapy. Using FibroScan a liver stiffness of 34 kPa suggested liver cirrhosis prior to start of HCV triple therapy. At week 5 of HCV triple therapy darunavir trough concentration was measured in the reference range with 3777 ng/ml (reference trough concentration 2400–4600 ng/ml). HCV-RNA became negative at week 10 and HIV-RNA was below detection limit (<40 copies/ml) at all times. Patient 2 was on a simplified FTC qd and fos-amprenavir 700 mg/ritonavir 100 mg bid regimen. Liver disease had also progressed to liver cirrhosis, confirmed in FibroScan, with a liver stiffness of 32 kPa. At week 8 of HCV triple therapy fos-amprenavir trough level was measured in the normal reference range with 1699 ng/ml (reference trough concentration 750–2500 ng/ml). At week 11 HCV-RNA was <12 IU/ml and HIV viral load was below detection limit of <40 copies/ml at all times. Our clinical data suggest that in patients with advanced liver disease possibly drug levels of HIV PIs which are coadministered with BOC may be within the normal range. In order to better understand the true amount of drug interactions between BOC and commonly used HIV PIs in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients with more advanced liver fibrosis, urgently more PK studies are required to make HCV triple therapy accessible for a wider number of HIV/HCV-coinfected patients in desperate need of these drugs

Feature Lines for Illustrating Medical Surface Models: Mathematical Background and Survey

This paper provides a tutorial and survey for a specific kind of illustrative visualization technique: feature lines. We examine different feature line methods. For this, we provide the differential geometry behind these concepts and adapt this mathematical field to the discrete differential geometry. All discrete differential geometry terms are explained for triangulated surface meshes. These utilities serve as basis for the feature line methods. We provide the reader with all knowledge to re-implement every feature line method. Furthermore, we summarize the methods and suggest a guideline for which kind of surface which feature line algorithm is best suited. Our work is motivated by, but not restricted to, medical and biological surface models.Comment: 33 page

Quantifying Quantum Correlations in Fermionic Systems using Witness Operators

We present a method to quantify quantum correlations in arbitrary systems of indistinguishable fermions using witness operators. The method associates the problem of finding the optimal entan- glement witness of a state with a class of problems known as semidefinite programs (SDPs), which can be solved efficiently with arbitrary accuracy. Based on these optimal witnesses, we introduce a measure of quantum correlations which has an interpretation analogous to the Generalized Robust- ness of entanglement. We also extend the notion of quantum discord to the case of indistinguishable fermions, and propose a geometric quantifier, which is compared to our entanglement measure. Our numerical results show a remarkable equivalence between the proposed Generalized Robustness and the Schliemann concurrence, which are equal for pure states. For mixed states, the Schliemann con- currence presents itself as an upper bound for the Generalized Robustness. The quantum discord is also found to be an upper bound for the entanglement.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, Accepted for publication in Quantum Information Processin

Decoding human mental states by whole-head EEG+fNIRS during category fluency task performance

Objective: Concurrent scalp electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), which we refer to as EEG+fNIRS, promises greater accuracy than the individual modalities while remaining nearly as convenient as EEG. We sought to quantify the hybrid system's ability to decode mental states and compare it with unimodal systems. Approach: We recorded from healthy volunteers taking the category fluency test and applied machine learning techniques to the data. Main results: EEG+fNIRS's decoding accuracy was greater than that of its subsystems, partly due to the new type of neurovascular features made available by hybrid data. Significance: Availability of an accurate and practical decoding method has potential implications for medical diagnosis, brain-computer interface design, and neuroergonomics

Stratospheric observations of CH_3D and HDO from ATMOS infrared solar spectra: Enrichments of deuterium in methane and implications for HD

Stratospheric mixing ratios of CH_3D from 100 mb to 17 mb (≈ 15 to 28 km) and HDO from 100 mb to 10 mb (≈ 15 to 32 km) have been inferred from high resolution solar occultation infrared spectra from the Atmospheric Trace MOlecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) Fourier-transform interferometer. The spectra, taken on board the Space Shuttle during the Spacelab 3 and ATLAS-1, -2, and -3 missions, extend in latitude from 70°S to 65°N. We find CH_3D entering the stratosphere at an average mixing ratio of (9.9±0.8) × 10^(−10) with a D/H ratio in methane (7.1±7.4)% less than that in Standard Mean Ocean Water (SMOW) (1σ combined precision and systematic error). In the mid to lower stratosphere, the average lifetime of CH_3D is found to be (1.19±0.02) times that of CH_4, resulting in an increasing D/H ratio in methane as air “ages” and the methane mixing ratio decreases. We find an average of (1.0±0.1) molecules of stratospheric HDO are produced for each CH_3D destroyed (1σ combined precision and systematic error), indicating that the rate of HDO production is approximately equal to the rate of CH_3D destruction. Assuming negligible amounts of deuterium in species other than HDO, CH_3D and HD, this limits the possible change in the stratospheric HD mixing ratio below about 10 mb to be ±0.1 molecules HD created per molecule CH_3D destroyed

Universal Rights and Wrongs

This paper argues for the important role of customers as a source of competitive advantage and firm growth, an issue which has been largely neglected in the resource-based view of the firm. It conceptualizes Penrose’s (1959) notion of an ‘inside track’ and illustrates how in-depth knowledge about established customers combines with joint problem-solving activities and the rapid assimilation of new and previously unexploited skills and resources. It is suggested that the inside track represents a distinct and perhaps underestimated way of generating rents and securing long-term growth. This also implies that the sources of sustainable competitive advantage in important respects can be sought in idiosyncratic interfirm relationships rather than within the firm itself