Factors affecting rind pitting in the mandarin hybrids "fortune" and "nova". The influence of exogenous growth regulators

The commercialization of the mandarin hybrids "Fortune" and "Nova" is hindered by the development of cold-induced pitting in the fruit rind which may develop either in the orchard or during storage and transport. In the late cropping cultivar "Fortune", the pitting develops on tree during the winter months and affects mainly the exposed fruit from the north-west quadrant of the tree. The induction of symptoms under uniform conditions in the cold-room reveals differences in the susceptibility to chilling injury among the fruits and the fruit sides. The green fruit is not susceptible. Susceptibility develops as pigmentation progresses, and it is higher for the exposed than for the non-exposed (covered by the foliage) fruits. The application of GA3 at colour-break delays pigmentation and retards the development of susceptibility. The waxing of the fruit offers some protection to cold in the cold-room. However, the incidence of pitting is not related to the wax content of the fruit rind and the application of a wax coverage on tree had only a marginal protective effect. No pitting is usually found on tree in the fruit of the early ripening "Nova" cultivar, which is usually harvested before the winter chilling. The pitting develops during cold storage (8-10 C), and is reduced by GA3 application at colour break, an effect related to the delay in rind pigmentation.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Stellar populations in superclusters of galaxies

A catalogue of superclusters of galaxies is used to investigate the influence of the supercluster environment on galaxy populations, considering galaxies brighter than M$_r<$-21+5$\log$ h. Empirical spectral synthesis techniques are applied to obtain the stellar population properties of galaxies which belong to superclusters and representative values of stellar population parameters are attributed to each supercluster. We show that richer superclusters present denser environments and older stellar populations. The galaxy populations of superclusters classified as filaments and pancakes are statistically similar, indicating that the morphology of superclusters does not have a significative influence on the stellar populations. Clusters of galaxies within superclusters are also examined in order to evaluate the influence of the supercluster environment on their galaxy properties. Our results suggest that the environment affects galaxy properties but its influence should operate on scales of groups and clusters, more than on the scale of superclusters.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures; accepted to MNRA

A Method to Tackle First Order Differential Equations with Liouvillian Functions in the Solution - II

We present a semi-decision procedure to tackle first order differential equations, with Liouvillian functions in the solution (LFOODEs). As in the case of the Prelle-Singer procedure, this method is based on the knowledge of the integrating factor structure.Comment: 11 pages, late