Enteral Nutrition in Preterm Infants: Update of the National Consensus Document

Na presente actualização da recomendação sobre nutrição entérica no recém-nascido pré-termo, da Secção de Neonatologia da Sociedade Portuguesa de Pediatria, é dada especial relevância às necessidades nutricionais do recém-nascido pré-termo, aspetos particulares da nutrição entérica durante o internamento na unidade neonatal, nomeadamente em relação ao momento de iniciar a nutrição entérica, como progredir, modo de administração, especificidades do leite humano pré-termo, sua fortificação, nutrição em situações particulares e nutrição após alta hospitalar. É incluída informação sobre a composição das fórmulas especiais, fortificante e suplemento proteico do leite humano comercializados em Portugal

Successful treatment of feline leishmaniosis using an association of allopurinol and N-methyl-glucamine antimoniate

This work describes the diagnosis and successful treatment of a 2-year-old domestic cat infected with Leishmania species and presenting fever, and ulcerative and nodular skin lesions after being treated for pyodermatitis for 1 year without clinical improvement. After anamnesis the cat was submitted to a complete clinical examination. Blood was collected for determination of haematological and biochemical parameters, detection of feline leukaemia virus (FeLV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), feline coronavirus (FCoV) and Leishmania amastigotes. Fine-needle aspiration puncture from the skin nodules was also performed. After definitive diagnosis the animal was treated and followed up over a 2 year period. The animal tested negative for FIV-specific antibodies, FeLV antigen and feline coronavirus RNA. Leishmania amastigotes in the skin nodules were confirmed by cytology and molecular diagnosis. Treatment was initiated with allopurinol, resulting in a slight clinical improvement. Thus, N-methyl-glucamine antimoniate was added and administered for 30 days, with complete closure of the ulcerative lesions in the hindlimbs requiring a surgical approach. Close monitoring of the patient in the following 24 months indicated that combined therapy was safe and clinical cure was achieved without further relapses or side effects.publishersversionpublishe

EDDS and EDTA-enhanced zinc accumulation by solanum nigrum inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi grown in contaminated soil

The effect of two different chelating agents [EDTA and EDDS S,S-ethylenediaminedissucinic acid)] on Zn tissue accumulation in Solanum nigrum L. grown in a naturally contaminated soil was assessed. Under those conditions, the response of the plant to the inoculation with two different isolates of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) – Glomus claroideum and Glomus intraradices – was also studied. Plants grown in the local contaminated soil (Zn levels of 433 mg Kgˉ¹1) accumulated up to 1191 mg Kgˉ¹ of Zn in the roots, 3747 mg Kgˉ¹ in the stems and 3409 mg Kgˉ¹ in the leaves. S. nigrum plants grown in the same soil spiked with extra Zn (Zn levels of 964 mg Kgˉ¹) accumulated up to 4735, 8267 and 7948 mg Zn Kgˉ¹ in the leaves, stems and roots, respectively. The addition of EDTA promoted an increase in the concentration of Zn accumulated by S. nigrum of up to 231% in the leaves, 93% in the stems and 81% in the roots, while EDDS application enhanced the accumulation in leaves, stems and roots up to 140, 124 and 104%, respectively. In the stems, the presence of Zn was predominantly detected in the cortex collenchyma cells, the starch sheath and the internal phloem and xylem parenchyma, and the addition of chelating agents did not seem to have an effect on the localisation of accumulation sites. The devise of a chelate-enhanced phytoextraction strategy, using chelating agents and AMF, is discussed

Coping with antidepressants in a changing ocean: behavioural implications in juvenile meagre (Argyrosomus regius) exposed to venlafaxine.

Na publicação: FABIOLA FOGAÇA

Payment for environmental services: a critical review of schemes, concepts, and practice in Brazil.

The Payment for Environmental Services (PES) is often conceived through complex schemes without a clear definition of all concepts involved. This study presents the results of a systematic literature review on PES schemes in Brazil, accompanied by a critical assessment of their efficacy for potential environmental gains. The PES approaches were grouped into six categories based on the research focus, and those that were focused on PES policies were identified as the most studied. A particular emphasis has been given to the Amazon and Atlantic Forest biomes, where the ecosystem services studied were mostly centered on issues related to carbon and water, respectively. Approximately one-third of all schemes provided no clear definition of which ecosystem services are proposed for payment. In addition, the review showed no consensus among studies on the definition of services in similar schemes. Most schemes presented no payment system conditioned on the provision of environmental services. Furthermore, the review showed that the absence of clarity in the application of concepts may hinder the development of public policies to properly implement PES in Brazil. The conclusion is that standardizing terms used in the literature and in PES schemes is critical; therefore, the use of the Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES) as a reference is recommended to ensure clarity, objectivity and, more importantly, the expected environmental efficacy

Correlação espacial do índice de vegetação (NDVI) de imagem Landsat/ETM+ com atributos do solo

The precision agriculture technologies such as the spatial variability of soil attributes have been widely studied mostly with sugarcane. Among these technologies have been recently highlighted the use of the vegetation index derived from remote sensing products, such as powerful tools indicating the development of vegetation. This study aimed to analyze the spatial variability of clay content, pH and phosphorus in an Oxisol in an area with sugarcane production, and correlate with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The georeferenced grid was created for the soil properties (clay, phosphorus and pH) and generated the maps of spatial variability. For these same sites were calculated the NDVI, in addition to mapping of this ratio, the evaluation of the spatial correlation between this and other studied properties. The clay and phosphorus content showed positive spatial correlation with the NDVI, while no spatial correlation was observed between NDVI and pH. The satellite images from the sensor ETM + Landsat were used to correlate to NDVI to observe the spatial variability of the studied attributes.UNESP Câmpus de Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n Zona Rural, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SPUNESP Câmpus de Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n Zona Rural, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, S

Caracterização geomorfométrica e do uso do solo da Bacia Hidrográfica do Alto Meia Ponte, Goiás

A caracterização geomorfométrica da utilização dos solos predominantes de uma bacia hidrográfica é importante para o entendimento da dinâmica dos processos que envolvem o balaço hidrológico e o transporte de sedimentos. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, a caracterização dos atributos morfométricos da Bacia Hidrográfica do Alto Meia Ponte, procurando associá-los com as classes de solos predominantes na área da bacia com a sua utilização e como analisar a semelhança geométrica entre as sub-bacias que a compõem. Em todas as etapas do trabalho se utilizaram de programas de SIG, carta topográfica do IBGE e imagens do satélite Landsat TM5 e de levantamentos de campo. Obtidos os resultados verificou-se que a Sub-Bacia Sb2, com predominância de Argissolos e Cambissolos, apresentou um padrão de drenagem mais ramificado porém, devido ao seu formato e à posição na paisagem, ela está mais propensa aos picos de cheia em resposta a chuvas de grandes intensidades e, portanto, mais vulnerável aos processos de erosão e transporte de sedimentos.The geomorphometric characterization and the land use of a watershed is important to understand the dynamics of the processes involving the hydrologic balance and sediment transport. In this context, the aim of this study was to characterize the morphometric attributes of the Upper Meia Ponte river watershed, trying to associate them with the predominant soil types and land use, and analyze the geometric similarity among the sub-basins that comprise it. At all stages of the study GIS programs was used, the IBGE topographic maps and Landsat TM5 satellite images and field surveys. The results showed that the sub-basin Sb2, predominantly Ultisols and Inceptisol, has a more branched drainage pattern and due to its shape and position in the landscape, is more prone to spikes in full in response to large rainfall intensities and is, therefore, more vulnerable to erosion and sediment transport