X-ray method to study temperature-dependent stripe domains in MnAs/GaAs(001)

MnAs films grown on GaAs (001) exhibit a progressive transition between hexagonal (ferromagnetic) and orthorhombic (paramagnetic) phases at wide temperature range instead of abrupt transition during the first-order phase transition. The coexistence of two phases is favored by the anisotropic strain arising from the constraint on the MnAs films imposed by the substrate. This phase coexistence occurs in ordered arrangement alternating periodic terrace steps. We present here a method to study the surface morphology throughout this transition by means of specular and diffuse scattering of soft x-rays, tuning the photon energy at the Mn 2p resonance. The results show the long-range arrangement of the periodic stripe-like structure during the phase coexistence and its period remains constant, in agreement with previous results using other techniques.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Applied Physics Letter

Fontes e freqüências de aplicação de nitrogênio via água de irrigação no mamoeiro.

A escassez ou má distribuição das chuvas no Nordeste e em outras regiões do Brasil, como o Centro Oeste, o Sudeste e o Sul torna obrigatório o uso da irrigação. A irrigação, por sua vez, tem trazido consigo a atividade de aplicação de adubos via água, ou a fertirrigação, que vem sendo usada em ritmo crescente de fruticultores. O nitrogênio (N) é o elemento requerido em maior quantidade, pelo mamoeiro seguido posteriormente pelo potássio (K) e pelo cálcio (Ca) conforme Cunha & Haag (1980) citado por Oliveira (2002). A dinâmica do N difere conforme a fonte, sendo que no caso das fontes amidicas e amoniacais o N ocorrerá no solo na forma de amônio inicialmente e de nitrato posteriormente; na forma nítrica, o N ocorrerá na forma de nitrato o que indica maior mobilidade do mesmo no solo com possibilidades inclusive de lixiviação.bitstream/item/50972/1/comunicado-111-1.pd

Impacts of the Proposals For Tariff Reductions in Non-Agricultural Market Access (Nama)

O Estudo Visa Avaliar os Impactos de Propostas Alternativas de Redução da Proteção Tarifária de Bens Não-Agrícolas Sobre a Economia Brasileira Usando um Modelo de Equilíbrio Geral Computável. Foram Simulados os Impactos da Implementação de Cortes Tarifários de Acordo com Diferentes Coeficientes para a Fórmula Suíça. as Simulações Foram Realizadas com o Modelo Gtap e Todos os Choques Tarifários Foram Calculados a Partir de Informações da Base de Dados Macmap. Além de Analisar Resultados Macroeconômicos e Setoriais, Também foi Testada a Sensibilidade dos Resultados em Relação ao Aumento das Elasticidades de Armington e À Ocorrência de uma Simultânea Liberalização de Tarifas Sobre Bens Agrícolas.

Identifying Unmaintained Projects in GitHub

Background: Open source software has an increasing importance in modern software development. However, there is also a growing concern on the sustainability of such projects, which are usually managed by a small number of developers, frequently working as volunteers. Aims: In this paper, we propose an approach to identify GitHub projects that are not actively maintained. Our goal is to alert users about the risks of using these projects and possibly motivate other developers to assume the maintenance of the projects. Method: We train machine learning models to identify unmaintained or sparsely maintained projects, based on a set of features about project activity (commits, forks, issues, etc). We empirically validate the model with the best performance with the principal developers of 129 GitHub projects. Results: The proposed machine learning approach has a precision of 80%, based on the feedback of real open source developers; and a recall of 96%. We also show that our approach can be used to assess the risks of projects becoming unmaintained. Conclusions: The model proposed in this paper can be used by open source users and developers to identify GitHub projects that are not actively maintained anymore.Comment: Accepted at 12th International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM), 10 pages, 201

Dynamical instability of white dwarfs and breaking of spherical symmetry under the presence of extreme magnetic fields

Massive, highly magnetized white dwarfs with fields up to $10^9$ G have been observed and theoretically used for the description of a variety of astrophysical phenomena. Ultramagnetized white dwarfs with uniform interior fields up to $10^{18}$ G, have been recently purported to obey a new maximum mass limit, $M_{\rm max}\approx 2.58~M_\odot$, which largely overcomes the traditional Chandrasekhar value, $M_{\rm Ch}\approx 1.44~M_\odot$. Such a much larger limit would make these astrophysical objects viable candidates for the explanation of the superluminous population of type Ia supernovae. We show that several macro and micro physical aspects such as gravitational, dynamical stability, breaking of spherical symmetry, general relativity, inverse $\beta$-decay, and pycnonuclear fusion reactions are of most relevance for the self-consistent description of the structure and assessment of stability of these objects. It is shown in this work that the first family of magnetized white dwarfs indeed satisfy all the criteria of stability, while the ultramagnetized white dwarfs are very unlikely to exist in nature since they violate minimal requests of stability. Therefore, the canonical Chandrasekhar mass limit of white dwarfs has to be still applied.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figure

Onde posicionar sensores de umidade e de tensão de água do solo próximo da planta para um manejo mais eficiente da água de irrigação.

A irrigação eficiente é aquela com menor consumo de energia e menor perda de água, contribuindo na maior conservação dos recursos hídricos, por ser aplicada no momento correto, isto é, aquele em que a umidade do solo começa a comprometer a absorção de água pela planta. Essa irrigação eficiente requer também a reposição correta da água perdida pelas plantas desde a última irrigação.bitstream/item/118884/1/CircularTecnica-109-Onde-posicionar-sensores.pd