Luigi Malerba, o della \uabvisione periferica\ubb

Saggio sull'opera narrativa e saggistica dello scrittore Luigi Malerba. Si prendono in considerazione alcuni temi e forme ricorrenti in questo fecondo romanziere e novelliere, importante interprete di un comico angoscioso e assurdo, discendente di Kafka e di Beckett, come la figura del cerchio e del labirinto. Si esamina la peculiare capacit\ue0 di Malerba di declinare il genere del romanzo storico in epoche e tradizioni molto diverse (la Cina imperiale, la Roma cinquecentesca, Bisanzio), e l'invenzione, per la pagina e per lo schermo, oltre che per una fortunata serie di storie per ragazzi, di un medioevo straccione e gaglioffo, antieroico e antisublime. Si considerano infine gli studi sulla lingua dell'appennino parmense, e gli scritti di viaggio di ambientazione cinese

Japanese Banking Inefficiency and Shadow Pricing

1980-1990年间，日本的货币供给量以每年9.1%的速度增长。增加的货币供给促使日本银行放松借贷，从而导致了股市和房地产业的价格泡沫。1989年时，日经指数突破到了38916点，然而仅到90年代早期，股票价格和房地产的泡沫就破裂了，日本银行的资本负债表中背负上了大量的不良贷款。日本银行贷款占GDP的比重超过了美国的两倍，日本经济非常容易受到银行业问题的影响。在1990年到2000年的十年间，日本银行的贷款损失从不到总资产的1%增加到了2.5%以上(Weber and Devaney[[[] W.L. Weber, M. Devaney, The global economy and Japanese bank performance, Managerial Finance 28 (2002) 33–46.]])。虽然最近不良贷款的问题有所缓解，但是大小银行的资产负债表上仍然受到许多借款人无法偿还利息和本金的困扰。在衡量政策改革或企业合并所导致的银行业绩变化时必须考虑不良贷款的存在。Drake与Hall[[[] M. Drake, M.J.B. Hall, Efficiency in Japanese banking: An empirical analysis, Journal of Banking and Finance 27 (2003) 891–917.]]以及Altunbas等人[[[] Y. Altunbas, M. Liu, P. Molyneux, R. Seth, Efficiency and risk in Japanese banking, Journal of Banking and Finance 58 (2000) 826–839.]]认为：不良贷款是影响银行技术效率或银行成本的外部因素。Hughes与Mester[[[] J.P. Hughes, L.J. Mester, A quality and risk-adjusted cost function for banks: Evidence on the ‘too-big-to-fail’ doctrine, Journal of Productivity Analysis 4 (1993) 293–315.]]以及McAllister与McManus[[[] P.H. McAllister, D.A. McManus, Resolving the scale efficiency puzzle in banking, Journal of Banking and Finance 17 (1993) 389–405.]]在对美国银行的成本/规模效率估测中也对不良贷款进行了控制。Fukuyama与Weber[[[] H. Fukuyama, W.L. Weber, Estimating output allocative efficiency and productivity change: Application to Japanese banks, European Journal of Operational Research 137 (2002) 177–190.]]-[[[] H. Fukuyama, W.L. Weber, Efficiency and profitability in the Japanese banking industry, in: R F?re, S. Grosskopf (Eds.), Efficiency and Profitability: New Directions, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 2004, pp. 133–146.]]通过在DEA模型中加入一个银行权益资本的限制条件来控制银行风险，使风险可以在相近的银行间相互比较。译者单位：大连理工大学经济学院(116024

A qualitative analysis of concussion-reporting behavior in collegiate student-athletes with a history of sport-related concussion

Context: Many survey-based methods have been used to explore concussion-reporting behavior. However, because the decision to report or conceal a concussion is likely multifactorial, this may narrow the findings, as the surveys were largely designed by the researchers. Objective: To explore student-athletes\u27 perspectives regarding factors that may influence the reporting of sport-related concussion. Design: Qualitative study. Setting: National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletics. Patients or Other Participants: We conducted 17 semistructured interviews with student-athletes who had sustained 1 or more concussions while attending a large university (men=4, women = 13, age = 20.9 ± 1.3 years). Data Collection and Analysis: After data saturation and member checks, a 5-cycle analytic process was completed: topical review, literature review, data collection and summarizing using a codebook developed by a 3-person research team, linking of findings to current research, and final interpretations. Results: We discovered 3 themes. Participants discussed concussion perceptions by describing their understanding of a concussion, their own injury experiences, and their perceptions of symptom severity and duration. Regarding reporting behavior, participants described an order of individuals with whom they would speak, symptoms present in order to report (eg, feeling different from normal), immediate reactions, and influential factors for mitigating short- and long-term consequences. Lastly, participants discussed the value of support systems, such as how coaches can both positively and negatively influence reporting and athletic trainer involvement. Conclusions: Participants often drew from their own concussion experiences in naming common concussion signs and symptoms. Additionally, they indicated that both short- and long-term health consequences influenced and deterred their seeking care and that their support systems, including coaches and athletic trainers, played a role in their concussion experience. Research is needed to determine if using studentathletes\u27 own words to describe a concussion and incorporating student-athletes\u27 support systems, especially coaches and athletic trainers, is effective in increasing concussion reporting