Self-Reported Time in Bed and Sleep Quality in Association with Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms in School-Age Youth

This study investigated the relationship between self-reported time in bed and sleep quality in association with self-reported internalizing and externalizing symptoms in a sample of 285 elementary school students (52% female) recruited from a rural Midwestern elementary school. Path models were used to estimate proposed associations, controlling for grade level and gender. Curvilinear associations were found between time in bed and anxiety, depressive symptoms, and irritability. Marginal curvilinear trends were found between time in bed and emotion dysregulation, reactive aggression, and proactive aggression. Sleep quality was negatively associated with anxiety, depressive symptoms, irritability, reactive aggression, and delinquency engagement. Gender and grade differences were found across models. Findings suggest that examining self-reported time in bed (both linear and quadratic) and sleep quality is important for understanding internalizing and externalizing symptoms associated with sleep in school-age youth. Incorporating self-reported sleep assessments into clinical practice and school-based evaluations may have implications for a child’s adjustment

Saint Peter’s First Burial Site According to Maria Valtorta’s Mystical Writings, Checked against the Archeology of Rome in the I Century

The discovery of the mortal remains of the apostle Peter in the Vatican caves, in the 1940s, has aroused several doubts among scholars. In any case, there is consensus on this not being Peter’s first burial site on the Vatican Hill. The recent studies on Maria Valtorta’s mystical writings have shown that they contain a lot of data open to check through disparate scientific disciplines. Every time this check has been done, unexpected results have been found, as if her writings contain data not ascribable to her skills and awareness. Maria Valtorta describes also Peter’s first burial site, which, she writes, was not on the Vatican Hill. The analysis of these particular texts, checked against the archeology of Rome in the I century and its catacombs, has allowed us to locate Peter’s first burial site in a hypogeum discovered in 1864 but not yet fully explored, near the beginning of Via Nomentana, in Rome. A mathematical estimate of the probability that Maria Valtorta, by chance, invented the data that lead to this particular site shows that it is very small and reinforces the conclusion, already reached with archeology, that casualness is very doubtful. The full exploration of this hypogeum would assess the reliability of this alleged Peter’s first burial site.</jats:p

Sulle tracce della Tomba di San Pietro

Lo scopo dello studio è quello di ricercare le memorie delle sepolture di San Pietro a Roma. Si parte con un'analisi critica sulla Basilica romana di San Pietro attribuita all'imperatore Costantino nel Liber Pontificalis e sui presunti resti dell'Apostolo. Poi si approfondisce la ricerca delle memorie di Pietro in alcune catacombe romane, come l'Ipogeo Anonimo di Via dei Villini, e soprattutto le catacombe dei SS. Marcellino e Pietro (ad Duos Lauros), località nota anche come Tor Pignattara. Infatti, la basilica e il mausoleo costruiti in quest'area cimiteriale sono gli unici edifici attribuibili, con certezza, all'imperatore Costantino, che voleva essere sepolto nel mausoleo, vicino all'Apostolo. Oltre ad alcuni sorprendenti reperti archeologici sulla memoria di Pietro già rinvenuti nei pressi di un particolare cubicolo in queste catacombe, uno studio geometrico e matematico delle insolite caratteristiche architettoniche della basilica e del mausoleo di Tor Pignattara mostra che gli edifici facevano parte di un unico piano architettonico, molto probabilmente progettato per codificare dati utili a localizzare in modo univoco il luogo di sepoltura di Pietro, nell'area del cubicolo menzionato

The Beginning of the Christian Era Revisited: New Findings

We have re-examined and discussed all chronological, historical and astronomical elements which can be referred to the year of Herod the Great’s death, which occurred—according to Josephus—after a lunar eclipse and before Passover. Since the XIX century, most scholars still assume the eclipse occurred on 13 March 4 BC, so that Dionysius Exiguus was wrong in calculating the beginning of the Christian era—by four years at least—because Herod the Great must have been alive when Jesus was born. We have solved the apparent incompatibility of the events narrated by Josephus, occurring between the eclipse of 13 March 4BC and a too-near Passover (12 April 4 BC), by determining another date after studying all eclipses visible from Jerusalem in near years. This analysis—supported by a novel simulation of naked–eye visibility of partial lunar eclipses—has shown that the most eligible eclipse associable to Herod’s death occurred in the night of 8–9 November 2 AD. Besides this astronomical finding, our conclusion is also supported by significant correlation between segmented sleep and eclipse intervals; by its compatibility with the long sequence of events narrated by Josephus and with the rabbinic tradition about Herod’s death. This dating also agrees with other historical facts connected to Roman and Jewish history. In conclusion, Herod the Great must have died in the first month of 3 AD and, very likely, Dionysius Exiguus was correct.</jats:p

The &ldquo;Galenic Question&rdquo;: A Solution Based on Historical Sources and a Mathematical Analysis of Texts

How many different writers authored the huge number of texts attributed to Galen of Pergamum (129~216 Anno Domini (AD)), medical doctor and philosopher, a giant in the history of medicine? The quest to find out which texts were his and which ones were written by others is known as the &ldquo;Galenic Question&rdquo;. We propose a &ldquo;solution&rdquo; to it through a multidisciplinary approach based (a) on historical research and (b) on a mathematical analysis of the Greek texts. The historical approach considers historical independent sources and anachronisms. The mathematical approach is based on a mathematical theory concerning deep language variables, rarely consciously controlled by any author, and is therefore capable of giving indications on the similarity of texts, with little or no bias. The multidisciplinary approach has convinced us that at least three authors wrote the texts attributed to Galen. The first two were very likely real historical persons: (a) a certain Galen living between the end of the I century Before Christ (BC) and the second half of the I century AD, and (b) the historical Galen of Pergamum (II&ndash;III centuries AD). We believe the third (c) to be represented by several unknown authors hiding under the name Galen, but likely living after Galen of Pergamum&rsquo;s death

The Search of St. Peter’s Memory ad catacumbas in the Cemeterial Area ad Duos Lauros in Rome

The purpose of our study is to research Peter’s memory ad catacumbas. According to the Depositio Martyrum—a document of the late Emperor Constantine period—there was no memory of the first St. Peter’s Basilica on the Vatican Hill. We start with a critical analysis on the Roman Basilica attributed to Emperor Constantine in Liber Pontificalis, then we deepen the search of Peter’s memory in the catacombs of the Sts. Marcellinus and Peter (ad Duos Lauros), also known as Tor Pignattara. Indeed, the basilica and mausoleum built in this cemeterial area are the only buildings attributable, with certainty, to Emperor Constantine, who wished to be buried in the mausoleum, close to an apostle. Besides some striking archeological finds on Peter’s memory already discovered near a particular cubicle in these catacombs, a geometrical and mathematical study of the unusual architectonic characteristics of the basilica and mausoleum of Tor Pignattara shows that the buildings were part of a single architectonic plan, very likely designed for coding data useful to locate Peter’s burial site unambiguously, in the area of the cubicle mentioned

The Beginning of the Christian Era Revisited: New Findings

We have re-examined and discussed all chronological, historical and astronomical elements which can be referred to the year of Herod the Great’s death, which occurred—according to Josephus—after a lunar eclipse and before Passover. Since the XIX century, most scholars still assume the eclipse occurred on 13 March 4 BC, so that Dionysius Exiguus was wrong in calculating the beginning of the Christian era—by four years at least—because Herod the Great must have been alive when Jesus was born. We have solved the apparent incompatibility of the events narrated by Josephus, occurring between the eclipse of 13 March 4BC and a too-near Passover (12 April 4 BC), by determining another date after studying all eclipses visible from Jerusalem in near years. This analysis—supported by a novel simulation of naked–eye visibility of partial lunar eclipses—has shown that the most eligible eclipse associable to Herod’s death occurred in the night of 8–9 November 2 AD. Besides this astronomical finding, our conclusion is also supported by significant correlation between segmented sleep and eclipse intervals; by its compatibility with the long sequence of events narrated by Josephus and with the rabbinic tradition about Herod’s death. This dating also agrees with other historical facts connected to Roman and Jewish history. In conclusion, Herod the Great must have died in the first month of 3 AD and, very likely, Dionysius Exiguus was correct