Comparative Perspectives of Constitutional Asylum in France, Italy and Germany: Requiescat in Pace?

Most countries provide asylum through domestic legislation, such as a statute incorporating the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees. France, Italy, and Germany stand out as three of very few European countries specifically to guarantee a right of asylum in their national Constitutions. The origin, wording, and scope of these constitutional provisions vary, depending on historical factors specific to each country. This article examines the right of asylum guaranteed in the Constitutions of France, Italy, and Germany from a historical perspective. It discusses how this right has evolved in all three countries, especially in light of the Refugee Convention and recent European Asylum Legislation. It concludes that however unique and individual constitutional asylum has traditionally been regarded as in France, Italy, and Germany, international obligations and recent European commitments have absorbed its distinctiveness, making it a redundant, almost obsolete, concept

Partial inner product spaces: Some categorical aspects

We make explicit in terms of categories a number of statements from the theory of partial inner product spaces (PIP spaces) and operators on them. In particular, we construct sheaves and cosheaves of operators on certain PIP spaces of practical interest.Comment: 21 page

Evidence for an impact-induced biosphere from the δ34S signature of sulphides in the Rochechouart impact structure, France

The highly eroded 23 km diameter Rochechouart impact structure, France, has extensive evidence for post-impact hydrothermal alteration and sulphide mineralization. The sulphides can be divided into four types on the basis of their mineralogy and host rock. They range from pyrites and chalcopyrite in the underlying coherent crystalline basement to pyrites hosted in the impactites. Sulphur isotopic results show that δ34S values vary over a wide range, from -35.8‰ to +0.4‰. The highest values, δ34S -3.7‰ to +0.4‰, are recorded in the coherent basement, and likely represent a primary terrestrial sulphur reservoir. Sulphides with the lowest values, δ34S -35.8‰ to -5.2‰, are hosted within locally brecciated and displaced parautochthonous and autochthonous impactites. Intermediate δ34S values of -10.7‰ to -1.2‰ are recorded in the semi-continuous monomict lithic breccia unit, differing between carbonate-hosted sulphides and intraclastic and clastic matrix-hosted sulphides. Such variable isotope values are consistent with a biological origin, via bacterial sulphate reduction, for sulphides in the parautochthonous and autochthonous units; these minerals formed in the shallow subsurface and are probably related to the post impact hydrothermal system. The source of the sulphate is likely to have been seawater, penecontemporaneous to the impact, as inferred from the marginal marine paleogeography of the structure. In other eroded impact craters that show evidence for impact-induced hydrothermal circulation, indirect evidence for life may be sought isotopically within late-stage (≤120°C) secondary sulphides and within the shocked and brecciated basement immediately beneath the transient crater floor

A New Massive Type IIA Supergravity From Compactification

We consider the most general form for eleven dimensional supersymmetry compatible with on-shell superfields. This allows for the introduction of a conformal Spin(1,10) connection. In eleven dimensional Minkowski space this modification is trivial and can be removed by a field redefinition, however, upon compactification on S^1 it is possible to introduce a non-trivial `Wilson line'. The resulting ten dimensional supergravity has massive 1-form and 3-form potentials and a cosmological constant. This theory does not possess a supersymmetric eightbrane soliton but it does admit a supersymmetric non-static cosmological solution.Comment: 13 pages, phyzzx. The introduction is clarifed and a reference adde

Copernicus observations of Betelgeuse and Antares

Copernicus observations of the M-supergiants, alpha Ori and alpha Sco, are presented. The MgII h and k resonance lines are strongly in emission in both stars. The k line is highly asymmetric in both stars but the h line is symmetric. Upper limits for several other resonance lines are given for alpha Ori. The possibility is explored that the k line asymmetry is caused by overlying resonance lines of MnI and FeI formed in the cool circumstellar gas shells around these stars. Observations of the MnI 4030-4033 A lines are used to show that circumstellar shell absorption is too weak to explain the asymmetry. It is suggested that the absorption occurs in a cool turbulent region between the base of the circumstellar shell and the top of the chromosphere

Analysis of stray current induced by cathodic protection on steel-framed masonry structures

Cathodic protection (CP) has been successfully employed to protect steel-framed masonry buildings from corrosion related damage. When a CP system is installed to protect the structural members, other metallic items which are within the fabric of the structure but are not in direct electrical continuity may suffer from stray current interactions, resulting in accelerated corrosion of the discontinuous items. Therefore, these must be considered when CP systems are designed prior to installation. This paper presents both experimental and numerical studies into the risk and extent of stray current corrosion in steel-framed masonry structures when subject to impressed current cathodic protection. The objective is to allow CP systems to be optimised so that interference is minimised without compromising the technical or cost benefits of this method of corrosion control

The Effect of Stress Inoculation Training on Endotracheal Intubation

Introduction Stressful situations pervade emergency medicine. Many studies demonstrate the deleterious impacts of stress on a physician’s immediate actions and lasting mental health. It is well-documented in the literature that preparedness can help mediate stress. Stress inoculation training (SIT) is utilized to prevent adverse stress response. This training teaches coping skills and defensive thinking to actively mitigate the negative physiological effects that occur during stressful events. SIT theory involves a conceptualization phase, skills training phase and application phase. The goal of this study is to evaluate the effect of SIT on endotracheal intubation performance of novice intubators. Methods The study consists of a population of medical students without prior airway training who are randomly assigned to control and intervention groups. Both groups will receive a didactic lecture on airway management followed by a brief intubation attempt on a standard dummy. The experimental group will subsequently receive a lecture on the principles of SIT where they learn to use focused intervention shown to reduce the physiological effects of stress. These techniques include box breathing, positive self-talk and imagery. All participants will then intubate the standard dummy in three different scenarios of varying environmental stressors. The main outcome will be the participant’s ability to successfully perform the procedure. Secondary outcomes will be the number of attempts and time required to successfully intubate, as well as, the participant\u27s post event response to the Perceived Stress Questionnaire. To evaluate the lasting effects of SIT, both groups will return in a month and repeat the intubation scenarios. Results Due to COVID-19 restrictions, pilot testing has been postponed until Fall 2020. Data analysis will focus on participant’s ability to perform the procedure under stressful conditions, their perception of stress, time to intubation and number of attempts. Conclusion The study evaluates the teaching of stress inoculation training (SIT) on emergency airway management. We hope this application of SIT will not only contribute to a growing body of literature on stress management, but also enhance patient safety and better prepare medical students for career resiliency