Elementos fenomenológicos para una filosofía del deporte. El cuerpo propio y las habilidades en el caso del triatlón

El triatlón es un deporte de pruebas combinadas que reúne la natación, el ciclismo y el pedestrismo, y presenta una gran complejidad tanto en aspectos relativos a la dimensión fisiológica, psicológica, como también en la fenomenológica. En este artículo me propongo llevar a cabo una presentación esquemática de la estructura del triatlón, y realizar una descripción fenomenológica de aspectos relativos al cuerpo propio, a la orientación vivida y habitualidades presentes en esa estructura para luego llevar a cabo una reflexión a partir de la misma. La relevancia filosófica de esta tarea radica en que podría aportar herramientas conceptuales para la clarificación de la experiencia vivida por el triatleta, la cual muchas veces queda imposibilitada de ser expresada y transmitida. A su vez, podría mostrarse el alcance y la adecuación de los conceptos utilizados en la  descripción de la práctica del triatlón como fenómeno del mundo de la vida deportiva

Recruitment of Gr-1+ monocytes is essential for control of acute toxoplasmosis

Circulating murine monocytes comprise two largely exclusive subpopulations that are responsible for seeding normal tissues (Gr-1−/CCR2−/CX3CR1high) or responding to sites of inflammation (Gr-1+/CCR2+/CX3CR1lo). Gr-1+ monocytes are recruited to the site of infection during the early stages of immune response to the intracellular pathogen Toxoplasma gondii. A murine model of toxoplasmosis was thus used to examine the importance of Gr-1+ monocytes in the control of disseminated parasitic infection in vivo. The recruitment of Gr-1+ monocytes was intimately associated with the ability to suppress early parasite replication at the site of inoculation. Infection of CCR2−/− and MCP-1−/− mice with typically nonlethal, low doses of T. gondii resulted in the abrogated recruitment of Gr-1+ monocytes. The failure to recruit Gr-1+ monocytes resulted in greatly enhanced mortality despite the induction of normal Th1 cell responses leading to high levels of IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. The profound susceptibility of CCR2−/− mice establishes Gr-1+ monocytes as necessary effector cells in the resistance to acute toxoplasmosis and suggests that the CCR2-dependent recruitment of Gr-1+ monocytes may be an important general mechanism for resistance to intracellular pathogens

Neutralization of nerve growth factor impairs proliferation and differentiation of adult neural progenitors in the subventricular zone

Adult neurogenesis is a multistep process regulated by several extrinsic factors, including neurotrophins. Among them, little is known about the role of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the neurogenic niches of the mouse. Here we analyzed the biology of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) from the subventricular zone (SVZ) of AD11 anti-NGF transgenic mice, in which the expression of the recombinant antibody aD11 leads to a chronic postnatal neutralization of endogenous NGF. We showed that AD11-NSCs proliferate 10-fold less, with respect to their control counterparts, and display a significant impairment in their ability to differentiate into \u3b2-tubulin positive neurons. We found a considerable reduction in the number of SVZ progenitors and neuroblasts also in vivo, which correlates with a lower number of newborn neurons in the olfactory bulbs of AD11 mice and a severe deficit in the ability of these mice to discriminate between different odors. We also demonstrated that, in AD11 mice, the morphology of both SVZ-resident and neurosphere-derived astrocytes is significantly altered. We were able to reproduce the AD11 phenotype in vitro, by acutely treating wild type NSCs with the anti-NGF antibody, further demonstrating that both the proliferation and the differentiation defects are due to the NGF deprivation. Consistently, the proliferative impairment of AD11 progenitors, as well as the atrophic morphology of AD11 astrocytes, can be partly rescued in vitro and in vivo by exogenous NGF addition. Altogether, our results demonstrate a causal link between NGF signaling and proper proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells from the SVZ.Adult neurogenesis is a multistep process regulated by several extrinsic factors, including neurotrophins. Among them, little is known about the role of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the neurogenic niches of the mouse. Here we analyzed the biology of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) from the subventricular zone (SVZ) of AD11 anti-NGF transgenic mice, in which the expression of the recombinant antibody aD11 leads to a chronic postnatal neutralization of endogenous NGF. We showed that AD11-NSCs proliferate 10-fold less, with respect to their control counterparts, and display a significant impairment in their ability to differentiate into \u3b2-tubulin positive neurons. We found a considerable reduction in the number of SVZ progenitors and neuroblasts also in vivo, which correlates with a lower number of newborn neurons in the olfactory bulbs of AD11 mice and a severe deficit in the ability of these mice to discriminate between different odors. We also demonstrated that, in AD11 mice, the morphology of both SVZ-resident and neurosphere-derived astrocytes is significantly altered. We were able to reproduce the AD11 phenotype in vitro, by acutely treating wild type NSCs with the anti-NGF antibody, further demonstrating that both the proliferation and the differentiation defects are due to the NGF deprivation. Consistently, the proliferative impairment of AD11 progenitors, as well as the atrophic morphology of AD11 astrocytes, can be partly rescued in vitro and in vivo by exogenous NGF addition. Altogether, our results demonstrate a causal link between NGF signaling and proper proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells from the SVZ

Periodic fever syndromes in Eastern and Central European countries: results of a pediatric multinational survey

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Objective</p> <p>To analyze the prevalence of diagnosed and suspected autoinflammatory diseases in Eastern and Central European (ECE) countries, with a particular interest on the diagnostic facilities in these countries.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Two different strategies were used to collect data on patients with periodic fever syndromes from ECE countries- the Eurofever survey and collection of data with the structured questionnaire.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Data from 35 centers in 14 ECE countries were collected. All together there were 11 patients reported with genetically confirmed familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), 14 with mevalonate-kinase deficiency (MKD), 11 with tumor necrosis factor receptor associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) and 4 with chronic infantile neurological cutaneous and articular syndrome (CINCA). Significantly higher numbers were reported for suspected cases which were not genetically tested. All together there were 49 suspected FMF patients reported, 24 MKD, 16 TRAPS, 7 CINCA and 2 suspected Muckle-Wells syndrome (MWS) patients.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The number of genetically confirmed patients with periodic fever syndromes in ECE countries is very low. In order to identify more patients in the future, it is important to organize educational programs for increasing the knowledge on these diseases and to establish a network for genetic testing of periodic fever syndromes in ECE countries.</p

Cáncer infantil, sufrimiento y transformación. Un ensayo fenomenológico. El libro que contextualiza la disertación del encuentro

Fil: Laregina, Alejandro. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Laregina, Alejandro. Universidad Atlántida Argentina; Argentina.El profesor Róbson Ramos dos Reis en su trabajo Cáncer infantil, sufrimiento y transformación. Un ensayo fenomenológico concretiza la síntesis de un proceso de investigación colectiva comenzada en el año 2016 con un enfoque interdisciplinario y colaborativo tal como proponíamos más arriba. Desde una perspectiva naturalizada de la fenomenología1 se busca explicitar en la fenomenología patológica las estructuras de experiencias en las que se patentiza el sufrimiento experimentado en el cáncer infantil en diálogo con la investigación empírica. En el prefacio de su trabajo Reis describe el itinerario intelectual, epistemológico y de construcción política e institucional del campo en el que se inscribe la investigación. En el año 2014 comienza a estudiar de manera sistemática la fenomenología aplicada a la teoria de la enfermedad

Elementos fenomenológicos para una filosofía del deporte. El cuerpo propio y las habilidades en el caso del triatlón

El triatlón es un deporte de pruebas combinadas que reúne la natación, el ciclismo y el pedestrismo, y presenta una gran complejidad tanto en aspectos relativos a la dimensión fisiológica, psicológica, como también en la fenomenológica. En este artículo me propongo llevar a cabo una presentación esquemática de la estructura del triatlón, y realizar una descripción fenomenológica de aspectos relativos al cuerpo propio, a la orientación vivida y habitualidades presentes en esa estructura para luego llevar a cabo una reflexión a partir de la misma. La relevancia filosófica de esta tarea radica en que podría aportar herramientas conceptuales para la clarificación de la experiencia vivida por el triatleta, la cual muchas veces queda imposibilitada de ser expresada y transmitida. A su vez, podría mostrarse el alcance y la adecuación de los conceptos utilizados en la  descripción de la práctica del triatlón como fenómeno del mundo de la vida deportiva.</jats:p

Cuidados, tactilidad e intersubjetividad desde una perspectiva fenomenológica

La solicitud y la procuración de cuidados encuentran desde la perspectiva fenomenológica la posibilidad de descripción tanto de su estructura ontológica como de la estructura óntica de sus prácticas en el mundo de la vida. Benner propone cuatro características fundamentales de esta estructura: la situacionalidad, la encarnación, la finitud y el estado de yecto. La tactilidad y la intersubjetividad ocupan un rol relevante en el despliegue de cada uno de estos conceptos. Merleau-Ponty ha desarrollado estos tópicos en distintos momentos y pasajes de su obra proporcionando herramientas valiosas para el abordaje de su despliegue. En este trabajo se presenta un posible desarrollo de una estructura del comportamiento táctil a partir de los conceptos presentados por el autor francés en su primera obra, la importancia de una fenomenología de la tactilidad -desde la descripción de las sensaciones dobles hasta la de los gestos táctiles de cuidado (sostener, abrazar, acariciar, etc.)- para dar cuenta del fenómeno del cuidado, y, por último, se presenta el concepto de “atmósferas de cuidado” desde una perspectiva merleaupontiana como un aporte para la descripción de la estructura del fenómeno del cuidado. Se concluye planteando posibles diálogos y continuidades con otros campos y otras líneas de investigación.</jats:p

Memorie contemporanee. Un museo di storia e arte per la Rocca di Ripafratta

LAUREA MAGISTRALELa Rocca di Ripafratta sorge sul colle Vergario al di sopra del Comune di San Giuliano Terme e venne costruita nel XI secolo dalla casata dei Da Ripafratta. La fortificazione è segnata da un’avvincente storia di conflitti storici tra i comuni di Lucca e Pisa che, vista la sua posizione strategica, ne fecero spesso oggetto di azioni militari. Essa giocò un ruolo chiave nella storia militare della Toscana fino agli inizi del ‘600 quando, terminati i conflitti, cadde in disuso fino ad oggi. L’elaborato presenta un progetto di riuso per la Rocca di Ripafratta sviluppato principalmente in due parti: La prima parte è stata realizzata per il concorso “Re-use the Castle” promosso da Re-Use Italy in collaborazione con l’associazione Salviamo la Rocca, che proponeva un reinserimento della fortezza nel territorio attraverso il collegamento ai percorsi CAI già esistenti. La seconda parte, sulla quale si concentra l’intero elaborato di tesi, è dedicata alla progettazione di un museo per la Rocca in grado di renderla nuovamente attrattiva dopo il lungo stato di abbandono. Il progetto prevede la realizzazione di un museo tra antico e nuovo; esso è composto da più volumi che entrano in contatto con la Rocca per trasformarla, e allo stesso tempo esaltarne il significato. Nella genesi di progetto è possibile rintracciare 3 azioni principali: l’azione di “accostamento” di un nuovo corpo alla struttura muraria preesistente, l’operazione di “innesto” di un nuovo volume sull’esistente e in fine l’atto di “riattivazione” degli elementi di collegamento più antichi, che si confrontano con il paesaggio. Queste tre azioni combinate hanno permesso di creare una nuova immagine per la Rocca. L’elaborato si conclude con il progetto “Memorie contemporanee” ; si tratta di un allestimento per il nuovo Museo, che attraverso artisti contemporanei tra cui Barry X Ball e T-Yong Chung, nonchè altri grandi artisti del ‘900 come Giorgio De Chirico e Adolfo Wildt esalta ulteriormente la dualità tra antico e nuovo, rintracciabile nell’intero concept del progetto architettonico.The Ripafratta's Fortress rises on the Vergario hill above the town of San Giuliano Terme and was built in the XI century by the Da Ripafratta family. The fortification is marked by a fascinating history of historical conflicts between the municipalities of Lucca and Pisa which, given its strategic position, often made it the object of militant actions. It played a key role in the military history of Tuscany until the beginning of the 17th century when, after the conflicts, it fell into disuse until today. The work presents a reuse project for the Ripafratta's Fortress developed mainly in two parts: The first part was carried out for the competition "Re-use the Castle" promoted by Re-Use Italy in collaboration with the association "Salviamo la Rocca", which proposed a reintegration of the fortress in the territory through the connection to the already existing CAI routes. The second part, on which the entire thesis is focused, is dedicated to the design of a museum for the Fortress able to make it attractive again after the long state of abandonment. The project involves the creation of a museum between old and new; it is composed of several volumes that come into contact with the Fortress to transform it, and at the same time enhance its meaning. In the genesis of the project it is possible to trace 3 main actions: the action of "juxtaposition" of a new body to the pre-existing wall structure, the operation of "grafting" a new volume onto the existing one and finally the act of "reactivation" of the most ancient connecting elements, which confront the landscape. These three actions combined create a new image for the Fortress. The elaboration ends with the project "Memorie contemporanee" (Contemporary Memories); it is an installation for the new Museum, which through contemporary artists such as Barry X Ball and T-Yong Chung, as well as other great 20th century artists such as Giorgio De Chirico and Adolfo Wildt further enhances the duality between old and new, which can be found in the entire concept of the architectural project