Predictive validity of the Sidorkiewicz instrument in Spanish: Assessing individual drug adherence in psychiatric patients

Background/Objective: Concomitant prescription of two or more psychiatric med-ications has become the rule and patients could adhere differently to their variousdrugs prescribed. Sidorkiewicz et al. published a questionnaire for assessing adherenceto each specific drug. Method: This study explored the predictive validity of the Span-ish version of the Sidorkiewicz questionnaire in a sample of 470 consecutive psychiatricoutpatients using 897 psychiatric drugs. Results: The questionnaire showed adequate pre-dictive validity in both univariate and multivariate analyses (logistic regression and CHAIDsegmentation) since they demonstrated a significant association with the 10-item DrugAttitude Inventory and with the Necessity and Concern Scales of the Beliefs aboutMedications Questionnaire. Some demographic and clinical variables were significant inthe univariate analyses but lost significance in the multivariate analyses. Conclusions:The adherence of the psychiatric patient to his/her prescribed treatment may not besignificantly influenced by socio-demographic or clinical characteristics, but rather by atti-tudes toward medication, perceptions of personal necessity for medication, and concerns∗Antecedentes/Objetivo: La prescripción concomitante más de un psicofármaco enun mismo paciente se ha convertido en la regla de la práctica clínica psiquiátrica actual,pudiendo adherirse los pacientes de manera diferente a sus diversos fármacos prescritos.Sidorkiewicz y colaboradores publicaron un cuestionario para evaluar la adherencia a cadafármaco tomado por el paciente. Método: Este estudio valora la validez predictiva de la ver-sión espa˜nola del cuestionario de Sidorkiewicz en una muestra de 470 pacientes ambulatoriospsiquiátricos consecutivos que usaban 897 fármacos psiquiátricos. Resultados: El cuestionariomostró una adecuada validez predictiva, tanto en análisis univariados como multivariados(regresión logística y CHAID), registrándose asociaciones significativas con el DAI-10 y con lasescalas de Necesidad y Preocupación del BMQ. Algunas variables sociodemográficas y clínicasfueron significativas en el análisis univariado perdiendo su significación en el multivariado.Conclusiones: La adherencia del paciente psiquiátrico al tratamiento no está condicionada porcaracterísticas sociodemográficas o clínicas, sino por actitudes hacia la medicación y por laspercepciones de necesidad personal de la medicación y preocupaciones sobre sus posibles efec-tos adversos. La versión espa˜nola del cuestionario de Sidorkiewicz es un instrumento válidopara evaluar la adherencia a cada fármaco tomado por pacientes psiquiátricos ambulatoriospolimedicados

Fractionation of protein hydrolysates of fish and chicken using membrane ultrafiltration: investigation of antioxidant activity

In this work, chicken and fish peptides were obtained using the proteolytic enzymes α-Chymotrypsin and Flavourzyme. The muscle was hydrolyzed for 4 h, and the resulting peptides were evaluated. Hydrolysates were produced from Argentine croaker (Umbrina canosai) with a degree of hydrolysis (DH) of 25.9 and 27.6 % and from chicken (Gallus domesticus) with DH of 17.8 and 20.6 % for Flavourzyme and α-Chymotrypsin, respectively. Membrane ultrafiltration was used to separate fish and chicken hydrolysates from Flavourzyme and α-Chymotrypsin based on molecular weight cutoff of >1,000, 500, and <500 Da, to produce fractions (F1,000, F1,000–500, and F500) with antioxidant activity. Fish hydrolysates produced with Flavourzyme (FHF) and α-Chymotrypsin showed 60.8 and 50.9 % of peptides with a molecular weight of <3 kDa in its composition, respectively. To chicken hydrolysates produced with Flavourzyme and α-Chymotrypsin (CHC) was observed 83 and 92.4 % of peptides with a molecular weight of <3 kDa. The fraction that showed, in general, higher antioxidant potential was F1,000 from FHF. When added 40 mg/mL of FHF and CHC, 93 and 80 % of lipid oxidation in ground beef homogenates was inhibited, respectively. The composition of amino acids indicated higher amino acids hydrophobic content and amino acids containing sulfuric residues for FHF, which showed antioxidant potential

MMADHC Premature Termination Codons in the Pathogenesis of Cobalamin D Disorder: Potential of Translational Readthrough Reconstitution

Mutations in the MMADHC gene cause cobalamin D disorder (cblD), an autosomal recessive inborn disease with defects in intracellular cobalamin (cbl, vitamin B12) metabolism. CblD patients present methylmalonic aciduria (MMA), homocystinuria (HC), or combined MMA/HC, and usually suffer developmental delay and cognitive deficits. The most frequent MMADHC genetic alterations associated with disease generate MMADHC truncated proteins, in many cases due to mutations that create premature termination codons (PTC). In this study, we have performed a comprehensive and global characterization of MMADHC protein variants generated by all annotated MMADHC PTC mutations in cblD patients, and analyzed the potential of inducible translational PTC readthrough to reconstitute MMADHC biosynthesis. MMADHC protein truncation caused by disease-associated PTC differentially affected the alternative usage of translation initiation sites, protein abundance, and subcellular localization of MMADHC. Aminoglycoside compounds induced translational PTC readthrough of MMADHC truncated variants, allowing the biosynthesis of full-length MMADHC in a PTC-specific manner. Our results suggest that translational PTC readthrough-based interventions could complement current therapies for cblD patients carrying specific MMADHC PTC mutations.Financial support from Ikerbasque, The Basque Foundation for Science (R.P., J.C.A.-L., and J.M.C.); Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (Spain) and FEDER (grant DPI2016-79874-R to J.C.A.-L. and J.M.C., grant SAF2016-79847-R to R.P.); Fundacion Mutua Madrilena (Spain) (grant AP169812018 to J.C.A.-L. and J.M.C). J.D.L.H. acknowledges the Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute contract for Intensification of Research Activities. J.D.L.H. is a member of the European Reference Network for Rare Hereditary Metabolic Disorders (MetabERN)-Project ID No 739543. C.E.N-X. is the recipient of a Miguel Servet research contract from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII, Spain) (CP20/00008). L.T. is the recipient of a predoctoral fellowship from Asociacion Espanola Contra el Cancer (AECC, Junta Provincial de Bizkaia, Spain). We thank to Javier Diez-Garcia (Microscopy core facility, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute) and to Gustavo Perez-Nanclares and Ana Belen de la Hoz (Genetics-Genomics core facility, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute) for their expert assistance with microscopy and DNA sequencing, respectivel

çaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) seed oil and its nanoemulsion: chemical characterisation, toxicity evaluation, antioxidant and anticancer activities.

This study explores a nanoemulsion formulated with açaí seed oil, known for its rich fatty acid composition and diverse biological activities. This study aimed to characterise a nanoemulsion formulated with açaí seed oil and explore its cytotoxic effects on HeLa and SiHa cervical cancer cell lines, alongside assessing its antioxidant and toxicity properties both in vitro and in vivo. Extracted from fruits sourced in Brazil, the oil underwent thorough chemical characterization using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The resulting nanoemulsion was prepared and evaluated for stability, particle size, and antioxidant properties. The nanoemulsion exhibited translucency, fluidity, and stability post centrifugation and temperature tests, with a droplet size of 238.37, PDI -9.59, pH 7, and turbidity 0.267. In vitro assessments on cervical cancer cell lines revealed antitumour effects, including inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, and colony formation. Toxicity tests conducted in cell cultures and female Swiss mice demonstrated no adverse effects of both açaí seed oil and nanoemulsion. Overall, açaí seed oil, particularly when formulated into a nanoemulsion, presents potential for cancer treatment due to its bioactive properties and safety profile

Effect of usual diet on the muscle strength in well trained men

O treinamento de força na musculação é uma prática amplamente recomendada por proporcionar inúmeros benefícios à saúde. Na musculação é possível manipular a carga de treinamento através de seus componentes volume e intensidade. A adequada manipulação desses componentes pode promover respostas adaptativas, tais como a hipertrofia muscular. Esses benefícios podem ser potencializados ou prejudicados a depender da composição da dieta habitual. O presente estudo avaliou as possíveis associações entre o consumo dos macronutrientes provenientes da alimentação habitual e o desempenho no teste de repetições máximas (RMs) realizados a 60% e a 80% de uma repetição máxima (1RM). Homens saudáveis (n=14), com idade de 40,81 ± 5,77 anos, peso de 85,37 ± 10,61 Kg e altura de 174,5 ± 5,89 cm fizeram parte deste estudo. Os exercícios utilizados foram o supino reto, o leg press 45º e o pulley anterior. O protocolo foi composto por quatro séries de repetições máximas (RMs) a 60% de 1RM e a 80% de 1RM. O consumo total dietético diário de macronutrientes foi de 47% de carboidratos, 22% de proteínas e 31% de gorduras. Não houve correlação entre o consumo de carboidratos e desempenho a 60% (p=0,4490) e a 80% (p=0,6648), de proteínas e o desempenho a 60% (p=0,2917) e 80% (p= 0,3300) e de lipídios a 60% (p=0,3139) e a 80% (p=0,3108). Conclusão: A quantidade de carboidrato da dieta habitual não se correlacionou com o desempenho na tarefa de resistência de força.Strength training is a widely recommended practice to provide significant health benefits. Using this protocol, it is possible to manipulate the training load through its volume and intensity components. Proper manipulation of these components can promote adaptive responses, such as muscle hypertrophy. These benefits can be enhanced or hindered depending on the composition of the usual diet.&nbsp; The present study evaluated the possible associations between the consumption of macronutrients from the usual diet and performance in the maximum repetition test (MR) performed at 60% and 80% of a maximum repetition (1MR). Healthy men (n=14) aged 40.81 ± 5.77 years, weight 85.37 ± 10.61 kg and height 174.5 ± 5.89 cm, took part in this study. The exercises used were the bench press, the 45º leg press and the anterior pulley. The protocol consisted of four sets of maximum repetitions (MRs) at 60% of 1MR and 80% of 1MR. Total daily dietary macronutrient consumption was 47% carbohydrates, 22% proteins and 31% fats. There was no correlation between carbohydrate consumption and performance at 60% (p=0.4490) and 80% (p=0.6648), protein consumption and performance at 60% (p=0.2917) and 80% (p= 0.3300) and lipids at 60% (p=0.3139) and 80% (p=0.3108). Conclusion: The amount of carbohydrate in the usual diet did not correlate with performance in the strength endurance task

Prebiotic effects of olive pomace powders in the gut: In vitro evaluation of the inhibition of adhesion of pathogens, prebiotic and antioxidant effects

Supplementary data related to this article can be found at https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106312Olive pomace is a biowaste rich in polyphenols and insoluble dietary fibre with high potential to develop new value chains towards a sustainable and circular bioeconomy. Regarding gut health, olive pomace phenolics and insoluble dietary fibre (after possible fermentation) could act as antioxidants, antimicrobial and prebiotic agents. These potential beneficial effects on the gut were analysed for two powders from olive pomace: liquid-enriched powder (LOPP) - mostly source of phenolics - and pulp-enriched powder (POPP) - main source of insoluble dietary fibre. LOPP and POPP were subjected to an in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion followed by in vitro faecal fermentation. The undigested fraction retained in the colon was analysed regarding its potential antioxidant, antimicrobial and prebiotic effects. LOPP and POPP did not impact the gut microbiota diversity negatively, showing a similar ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes compared to a positive control (FOS). LOPP exhibit a positive (similar to FOS) effect on the Prevotella spp./Bacteroides spp. ratio. Both powders also promoted more the production of short-chain fatty acids (mainly acetate?>?butyrate?>?propionate) than FOS. Both powders showed also significant total phenolic content and oxygen radical absorbance capacity during faecal fermentation until 48?h. Besides that, these powders showed mucin-adhesion inhibition ability against pathogens, principally POPP against Bacillus cereus (22.03?±?2.45%) and Listeria monocytogenes (20.01?±?1.93%). This study demonstrates that olive pomace powders have prebiotic effects on microbiota, including the stimulation of short-chain fatty acids production, potential antioxidant and antimicrobial activity which could improve human gut health.Tˆania I. B. Ribeiro thanks the FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Portugal and Association BLC3 – Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit for the PhD Grant SFRH/BDE/108271/2015. This work was supported by National Funds from FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal through the project MULTI-BIOREFINERY - SAICTPAC/0040/2015 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER- 016403). We would also like to thank the scientific collaboration under the FCT project UID/Multi/50016/2019.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Borna disease virus (BDV) circulating immunocomplex positivity in addicted patients in the Czech Republic: a prospective cohort analysis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Borna disease virus (BDV) is an RNA virus belonging to the family Bornaviridae. Borna disease virus is a neurotropic virus that causes changes in mood, behaviour and cognition. BDV causes persistent infection of the central nervous system. Immune changes lead to activation of infection. Alcohol and drug dependence are associated with immune impairment.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We examined the seropositivity of BDV circulating immunocomplexes (CIC) in patients with alcohol and drug dependence and healthy individuals (blood donors). We examined 41 addicted patients for the presence of BDV CIC in the serum by ELISA at the beginning of detoxification, and after eight weeks of abstinence. This is the first such study performed in patients with alcohol and drug dependence.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>BDV CIC positivity was detected in 36.59% of addicted patients on day 0 and in 42.86% on day 56. The control group was 37.3% positive. However, we did not detect higher BDV CIC positivity in addicted patients in comparison with blood donors (p = 0.179). The significantly higher level of BDV CIC was associated with lower levels of GGT (gamma glutamyl transferase) (p = 0.027) and approached statistical significance with the lower age of addicted patients (p = 0.064). We did not find any association between BDV CIC positivity and other anamnestic and demographic characteristics.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>In our study addicted patients did not have significantly higher levels of BDV CIC than the control group. The highest levels of BDV CIC were detected in patients with lower levels of GGT and a lower age.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>This study was approved by the ethical committee of the University Hospital Medical Faculty of Charles University in Pilsen, Czech Republic (registration number 303/2001).</p

Motor cortex excitability and BDNF levels in chronic musculoskeletal pain according to structural pathology

The central sensitization syndrome (CSS) encompasses disorders with overlapping symptoms in a structural pathology spectrum ranging from persistent nociception [e.g., osteoarthritis (OA)] to an absence of tissue injuries such as the one presented in fibromyalgia (FM) and myofascial pain syndrome (MPS). First, we hypothesized that these syndromes present differences in their cortical excitability parameters assessed by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), namely motor evoked potential (MEP), cortical silent period (CSP), short intracortical inhibition (SICI) and short intracortical facilitation (SICF). Second, considering that the presence of tissue injury could be detected by serum neurotrophins, we hypothesized that the spectrum of structural pathology (i.e., from persistent nociception like in OA, to the absence of tissue injury like in FM and MPS), could be detected by differential efficiency of their descending pain inhibitory system, as assessed by the conditioned pain modulation (CPM) paradigm. Third, we explored whether brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) had an influence on the relationship between motor cortex excitability and structural pathology. This cross-sectional study pooled baseline data from three randomized clinical trials. We included females (n = 114), aged 19-65 years old with disability by chronic pain syndromes (CPS): FM (n = 19), MPS (n = 54), OA (n = 27) and healthy subjects (n = 14). We assessed the serum BDNF, the motor cortex excitability by parameters the TMS measures and the change on numerical pain scale [NPS (0-10)] during CPM-task. The adjusted mean (SD) on the SICI observed in the absence of tissue injury was 56.36% lower than with persistent nociceptive input [0.31(0.18) vs. 0.55 (0.32)], respectively. The BDNF was inversely correlated with the SICI and with the change on NPS (0-10) during CPM-task. These findings suggest greater disinhibition in the motor cortex and the descending pain inhibitory system in FM and MPS than in OA and healthy subjects. Likewise, the inteThis research was supported by grants and materials support from the following Brazilian agencies: (grants to; AD, JAD-S, FC) and material support. National Council for Scientific and Technological Development-CNPq (grants to ILdST, WC). Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences at the School of Medicine of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (material support). International Cooperation Program-CAPES-PGI-project (023-11). CAPES 129/2013 material support and grant for FP as visiting professor (AD, WC, PP). Postgraduate Research Group at the Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre-PIPE HCPA (material support). Foundation for Support of Research at Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS) (material support). Brazilian Innovation Agency (FINEP) process number-1245/13 (ILdST, WC). Research grant: National Council for Scientific and Technological Development-CNPq (ILdS 302345/2011-6 and WC-301256/2013-6)