Effects of Different Dietary Levels of Two Types of Olive Pulp and Exogenous Enzyme Supplementation on the Gastrointestinal tract size, Immunology and Hematology of Broilers Author(s) Sayehban P I Seidavi A II Dadashbeiki M II Ghorbani A III Araújo WAG

ABSTRACT The effects of the dietary inclusion of olive pulp (OP) and the supplementation of a commercial enzyme blend (ENZ) on the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) size, and immune and hematological parameters were evaluated. In total, 600 one-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chicks were divided into 6 treatments according to a completely randomized design, in a 2×2×2 factorial scheme, consisting of the dietary inclusion of two olive pulp levels (50 and 100 g/kg in diet), two pulp categories (processed and unprocessed), and the inclusion or not of an enzyme blend. On d 42, birds were euthanized and blood samples were collected, and lymphoid, hematologic, and GIT organs were measured. The inclusion of 100g/kg OP in the diets increased jejunum relative weight (J%) and jejunum length (p ≤ 0.05). Processed OP reduced jejunum weight and length, J%, and left cecum length, serum triglycerides and VLDL cholesterol levels (p ≤ 0.05). Enzyme supplementation did affect any of the studied parameters (p>0.05). The OP inclusion improved the GIT size, while processed OP reduced GIT measurements and serum lipid levels

Digestible Methionine + Cysteine: Digestible Lysine Ratio in Diets for Broilers Submitted to Inflammatory Challenge

ABSTRACT Methionine (Met) and cysteine (Cys) are nutrients in broiler diets, responsible for strengthening protein synthesis, immunity, and metabolic regulation. To estimate the ideal digestible Met + Cys:digestible Lysine (Lys) ratio for broilers under a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inflammatory challenge, 384 male broilers were distributed in a completely randomized 4×2 factorial design, with four ratios of dig. Met + Cys:dig. Lys (0.69, 0.73, 0.77, and 0.81) and two conditions (with or without challenge). Each treatment had eight replicates, with six birds per experimental unit (EU). The evaluated parameters included broilers’ weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR); jejunum mRNA transcript levels of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-Κb), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione synthetase (GSS), and methionine adenosyltransferase 2 (MAT2); relative weights of liver and spleen, and fat mass (%) and lean mass (%). A linear regression model would estimate the ideal ratio if an effect had occurred. No interaction (p>0.05) was observed between the factors for all the data, nor did the different ratios had any effect (p>0.05) either. LPS-administered exhibited reduced performance, heavier liver and spleen, and lower GSS expression. Hence, the lowest dig Met + Cys:dig Lys ratio (0.69) was sufficient to maintain the performance parameters, the relative weight of lymphoid organs, fat and lean mass, and NF-Kb, GPX, SOD, GSS, MAT2, and CBS mRNA transcript levels in the jejunum

Thermal comfort zones for starter meat-type quails

The objective of this study was to determine thermal comfort ranges, as evaluated by air temperature and black-glove temperature and humidity index (BGTHI), for starter meat-type quails. Nine hundred quails were randomly distributed into five environmental chambers. Each chamber was programmed to provide different temperatures weekly. The following thermal environments were provided: SC - severe cold, MC - moderate cold, TC - recommended comfort environment, MH - moderate heat, and SH - severe heat. The best live performance was obtained when quails were submitted to temperatures of 36-39 ºC and BGTHI of 87.1 ± 0.4 and 91.4 ± 0.6 during the first week of rearing. Temperatures of 27-30 ºC and BGTHI of 75.8 ± 0.4 and 79.9 ± 0.6, during the second week, and temperature of 24 ºC and BGTHI of 70.8 ± 0.5 during the third week of rearing

Evaluation of babassu meal in feed for layer hens during the growth phase

Studies were conducted to evaluate the nutritional value and inclusion levels of babassu meal (BM) in the diet of grower layer pullets in substitution to wheat meal. Digestibility, metabolism and growth trials were conducted. Twelve cecectomized roosters were used in the digestibility assay to determine the coefficients of standardized digestibility of amino acids (CSDAA). The metabolism trial was conducted with 30 adult roosters to determine the apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (AMEn) of BM. A growth trial was performed to determine replacement levels of wheat midds by BM diet using 360 six-week-old commercial layer pullets. BM was included at the 0, 75 and 150 g/kg of BM, during grower and development rearing phases, respectively. Feed intake, body weight gain, and feed conversion were evaluated. BM AMEn was determined as 1,474 kcal/kg, on as-fed basis. The CSDAA determined for BM were below 88% for all AA. The inclusion of BM in the feed of grower layers (7-18 week) significantly decreased feed intake (p < 0.05), but significantly improved body weight gain and feedconversion ratio (p < 0.05) at 15% inclusion level. Considering the nutritional value and performance results, BM can replace wheat midds in diets of grower layer pullets.Universidade Estadual do Maranhão Departamento de ZootecniaUniversidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e VeterináriaUniversidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinári