ANALISIS RETRIBUSI PASAR TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH SEBELUM DAN SEUDAH OTONOMI DAERAH DI KABUPATEN LUMAJANG

This research is a case study on Dipenda Lumajang by title: Analysis of Market Charges Against Increasing Regional Income Before and After the Autonomous Region in Lumajang. The purpose of this study is to investigate the contribution of retribution market analysis before and after the regional autonomy of Revenue (PAD) in Lumajang, to determine the effectiveness of retribution market analysis before and after decentralization in Lumajang, to find out whether there are differences in the contribution analysis of market levies before and after regional autonomy on local revenues increased in Lumajang district, to find out whether there are differences in the level of effectiveness of retribution market analysis before and after decentralization in Lumajang. The calculation result with the contribution ratio of the average contribution of market levies before the regional autonomy of 9.25% and after the regional autonomy of 6.06%. While the level of effectiveness before the regional autonomy of 99.17% and 102.42% after the regional autonomy. The level difference of the market levy contributions before and after regional autonomy with the Wilcoxon test does not make any difference because the asymp siq (2 tailed)> 0.05 = 0.109> 0.05, whereas the difference in effectiveness of the levy rate market before and after the regional autonomy of the Wilcoxon test does not makes no difference because the value asymp siq (2 tailed)> 0.05 = 0.109> 0.05. From the results of the analysis can be in the know that the contribution of regional autonomy after the market levy has decreased but it can be said to be effective because of its effectiveness 1atau bias reaches 100%. While the statistical test results from different test well matched by contributions from market levies before and after the regional autonomy and the level of effectiveness before and after regional autonomy makes no difference because the asymp siq (2 tailed)> 0.05 = 0.109> 0.05. Based on the conclusions above, the writer may submit suggestions of the need for firm action in the implementation of compulsory levies sanctions on the market that do not obey the pay user charges, should improve its oversight, guidance and evaluation on a regular basis to levy collector officers, local government should provide a target to officers levy collector market every day how big the market levy that must be paid to local governments. If officers levy collector market can not meet the set target of local government should provide a tough sanctions provided by threatening fines, in determining regional income targets for retribution should be based on market factors and conditions affecting the market retribution, should add to the facilities and infrastructure in the market and curb the stalls and powder-powder is in the market, because the average used time series that uses 3-year period prior to regional autonomy and regional autonomy 3 years after it sought to increase the period of study so that more accurate results

Quantitative Ultrasound and B-mode Image Texture Features Correlate with Collagen and Myelin Content in Human Ulnar Nerve Fascicles

We investigate the usefulness of quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and B-mode texture features for characterization of ulnar nerve fascicles. Ultrasound data were acquired from cadaveric specimens using a nominal 30 MHz probe. Next, the nerves were extracted to prepare histology sections. 85 fascicles were matched between the B-mode images and the histology sections. For each fascicle image, we selected an intra-fascicular region of interest. We used histology sections to determine features related to the concentration of collagen and myelin, and ultrasound data to calculate backscatter coefficient (-24.89 dB $\pm$ 8.31), attenuation coefficient (0.92 db/cm-MHz $\pm$ 0.04), Nakagami parameter (1.01 $\pm$ 0.18) and entropy (6.92 $\pm$ 0.83), as well as B-mode texture features obtained via the gray level co-occurrence matrix algorithm. Significant Spearman's rank correlations between the combined collagen and myelin concentrations were obtained for the backscatter coefficient (R=-0.68), entropy (R=-0.51), and for several texture features. Our study demonstrates that QUS may potentially provide information on structural components of nerve fascicles

Evaluation of cortical bone perfusion using dynamic contrast enhanced ultrashort echo time imaging: a feasibility study.

Background:Dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) has been used to study perfusion in a wide variety of soft tissues including the bone marrow. Study of perfusion in hard tissues such as cortical bone has been much more limited because of the lack of detectable MR signal from them using conventional pulse sequences. However, two-dimensional (2D) ultrashort echo time (UTE) sequences detect signal from cortical bone and allow fast imaging of this tissue. In addition, adiabatic 2D inversion recovery UTE (IR-UTE) sequences can provide excellent signal suppression of soft tissues, such as muscle and marrow, and allow cortical bone to be seen with high contrast and reduced artefacts. We aimed to assess the feasibility of using 2D UTE and 2D IR-UTE sequences to perform DCE-MRI in the cortical bone of rabbits and human volunteers. Methods:Cortical bone perfusion was studied in rabbits (n=12) and human volunteers (n=3) using 2D UTE and 2D IR-UTE sequences on a clinical 3T scanner. Dynamic data with an in-plane resolution of ~0.5×0.5 mm2, single slice thickness of 3 mm for rabbits and 10 mm for human volunteers, and temporal resolution of 23 s for 2D UTE imaging of rabbits, 28 s for 2D UTE imaging of human volunteers, and 60 s for 2D IR-UTE imaging of both the rabbits and human volunteers were acquired before and after the injection of a Gd contrast agent (Gd-BOPTA: Multihance; Bracco Imaging SpA, Milan, Italy). The dose was 0.06 mmol/kg for rabbits and 0.2 mmol/kg for human subjects. Kinetic analyses based on the Brix model, as well as simple calculations of maximum enhancement (ME) and enhancement slope (ES), were performed. Results:The 12 rabbits showed a mean Ktrans of 0.36±0.07 min-1, Kep of 8.42±3.17 min-1, ME of 28.30±6.83, ES of 0.35±0.18 for the femur with the 2D UTE sequence, and a mean Ktrans of 0.45±0.10 min-1, Kep of 9.80±0.50 min-1, ME of 48.84±12.12, and ES of 0.69±0.27 for the femur with the 2D IR-UTE sequence. Lower ME and ES values were observed in the tibial midshaft of healthy human volunteers compared to rabbits. Conclusions:These results show that 2D UTE and 2D IR-UTE sequences are capable of detecting dynamic contrast enhancement in cortical bone in both rabbits and healthy human volunteers. Clinical studies with these techniques are likely to be feasible

AcidoCEST-UTE MRI for the Assessment of Extracellular pH of Joint Tissues at 3 T.

ObjectivesThe goal of this study was to demonstrate feasibility of measuring extracellular pH in cartilage and meniscus using acidoCEST technique with a 3-dimensional ultrashort echo time readout (acidoCEST-UTE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Materials and methodsMagnetization transfer ratio asymmetry, radiofrequency (RF) power mismatch, and relative saturation transfer were evaluated in liquid phantoms for iopromide, iopamidol, and iohexol over a pH range of 6.2 to 7.8, at various agent concentrations, temperatures, and buffer concentrations. Tissue phantoms containing cartilage and meniscus were evaluated with the same considerations for iopamidol and iohexol. Phantoms were imaged with the acidoCEST-UTE MRI sequence at 3 T. Correlation coefficients and coefficients of variations were calculated. Paired Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to evaluate for statistically significant differences.ResultsThe RF power mismatch and relative saturation transfer analyses of liquid phantoms showed iopamidol and iohexol to be the most promising agents for this study. Both these agents appeared to be concentration independent and feasible for use with or without buffer and at physiologic temperature over a pH range of 6.2 to 7.8. Ultimately, RF power mismatch fitting of iohexol showed the strongest correlation coefficients between cartilage, meniscus, and fluid. In addition, ratiometric values for iohexol are similar among liquid as well as different tissue types.ConclusionsMeasuring extracellular pH in cartilage and meniscus using acidoCEST-UTE MRI is feasible

MENINGKATKAN KINERJA GURU MELALUI PENERAPAN SUPERVISI EDUKATIF KOLABORATIF SECARA PERIODIK DI SDK WEGOKNATAR

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Untuk Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru dalam Pembelajaran di SDK Wegoknatar Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021. Adapun tujuan penelitian tindakan kelas ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan langkah-langkah supervisi edukatif kolaboratif secara periodik   dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran, mendeskripsikan langkah-langkah supervisi edukatif kolaboratif secara periodik dalam menilai prestasi belajar, mendeskripsikan langkah-langkah supervisi edukatif kolaboratif secara periodik dalam melaksanakan tindak lanjut penilaian prestasi belajar siswa, mendeskripsikan langkah-langkah supervisi edukatif kolaboratif secara periodik  dalam menyusun  rencana pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian tindakan sekolah adalah: 1. Penentuan perencanaan pada siklus I adalah 66.33%, pada Siklus II 85.44%, 2. Hasil Melaksanakan Pembelajaran Tindakan Siklus I adalah 72.36% tindakan siklus II adalah 95.27%, 3. Hasil Menilai Prestasi Belajar Siklus I adalah 81,66% dan siklus II 92.27%, dan 4. Hasil Melaksanakan Tindak Lanjut Hasil Penilaian Siklus I adalah 64.80% dan pada siklus II 87.00%. Dari hasil tersebut dapat dilihat bahwa terdapat peningkatan yang signifikan dari setiap siklusnya. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa Supervisi Edukatif Kolaboratif secara Periodik dapat meningkatkan Kinerja Guru dalam Pembelajaran di SDK Wegoknatar tahun pelajaran 2020/2021

Determinants of Saving Behavior of Households in Ethiopia: The Case Benishangul Gumuz Regional State

This study examined the factors that affect saving behavior of rural households in Benishangul Gumuz Regional Sate. It employed descriptive statistics and double hurdle model to analyze the data collected from a sample of 325 rural households in the study area. The descriptive result showed that about 83.4 percent of sampled households involved in saving of which 68 percent use formal financial institutions and the remaining opt for alternative saving options. The result of  double hurdle model  provided  empirical evidence on a positive significant effect of age, income and level of education of the head on a decision of households to save; whereas household size, distance to formal financial institutions and employment status have negative influences on household’s decision to save. With regards to the extent of saving; income of household head, level of education, landholding size and involvement in petty trade has a positive significant impact on amount of saving; whereas household size, employment status and distance to formal financial institutions significantly reduced the amount of saving by households. The findings implied the need for designing strategies that could improve the saving behavior, mobilization and diversification of saving by rural households. Moreover, the need for government involvement in building the capacity of rural households in terms of education and information systems with regards to savings as well as encouraging financial institutions to implement door-to-door service provisions so as to enhance saving behavior of households are desirable. Keywords: Household, Savings, Double hurdle, Assos

Determinants of Saving Behavior of Farm Households in Rural Ethiopia: The Double Hurdle Approach

This study examined the factors that affect saving behavior of rural households in Benishangul Gumuz Regional Sate. The study employed descriptive statistics and double hurdle model to analyze the data collected from a sample of 325 farm households in the study area. The descriptive result showed that about 68 percent of sampled households save in the formal financial institutions where as 29 percent did not save at all. The result of  double hurdle model  provided  empirical evidence on a positive and significant effect of age, income and education on household’s decision to save; whereas household size, distance to formal financial institutions and employment status negatively influenced their decision to save. With regard to the extent of saving; income of a household, level of education, landholding size and involvement in petty trade activities showed a positive significant effect on the amount of saving; whereas household size, employment status and distance to formal financial institutions significantly reduced the amount of saving by households. The findings implied the need for designing strategies that could improve the saving behavior, mobilization and diversification of saving by households. Finally, building capacity through education and information systems in mobilizing saving as well as encouraging financial institutions to implement door-to-door service provisions to enhance saving behavior of households are desirable. Keywords: Household, Savings, Double hurdle, Assos

Determinants of Saving Behavior of Farm Households in Rural Ethiopia: The Double Hurdle Approach

This study examined the factors that affect saving behavior of rural households in Benishangul Gumuz Regional Sate. The study employed descriptive statistics and double hurdle model to analyze the data collected from a sample of 325 farm households in the study area. The descriptive result showed that about 68 percent of sampled households save in the formal financial institutions where as 29 percent did not save at all. The result of  double hurdle model  provided  empirical evidence on a positive and significant effect of age, income and education on household’s decision to save; whereas household size, distance to formal financial institutions and employment status negatively influenced their decision to save. With regard to the extent of saving; income of a household, level of education, landholding size and involvement in petty trade activities showed a positive significant effect on the amount of saving; whereas household size, employment status and distance to formal financial institutions significantly reduced the amount of saving by households. The findings implied the need for designing strategies that could improve the saving behavior, mobilization and diversification of saving by households. Finally, building capacity through education and information systems in mobilizing saving as well as encouraging financial institutions to implement door-to-door service provisions to enhance saving behavior of households are desirable. Keywords: Household, Savings, Double hurdle, Assos