Marketing of Agricultural Products in Alagoas: A Study of Marketing Margins and Price Transmission

This study aims to analyze the empirical results of marketing margins and price transmission of some agricultural products in trade fairs in the state of Alagoas, Brazil. Two agricultural products were used in this study: the curly lettuce and cassava (mandioca). These were sought to differentiate the marketing in various trade fairs in different regions, dividing these into the capital (Maceió and Rio Largo) and interior (Pão de Açúcar and União dos Palmares). The model shows that with the price transmission of the two products tested there is greater difficulty in passing on the producer price for retailers in the capital over the interior. Probably, this indicates that the shorter marketing channel within any influence on this result, for then there is the largest producer of direct participation in the process of formation of the final product price. Moreover, the greater perishability of lettuce influences the results significantly.marketing; marketing margin; transmission price

Automedicação em Jovens e Adultos da Região Centro de Portugal

Resumo Introdução: A automedicação é uma prática frequente e, atualmente é um fenómeno em desenvolvimento crescente. Os objetivos deste estudo foram estimar a prevalência da automedicação em jovens e adultos da região centro de Portugal, caracterizar a prática de automedicação e identificar fatores associados à automedicação. Métodos: Realizámos um estudo analítico e transversal. A colheita de dados foi efetuada com recurso a um questionário, autoaplicado e respondido online, a indivíduos residentes na região centro de Portugal com idades ≥ 16 anos. A amostra ficou constituída por 182 indivíduos, com uma média de idades de 33,88±12,62 anos, sendo a maioria do género feminino (66,5%). As prevalências foram expressas em percentagens. Para comparação de proporções utilizou-se o teste qui quadrado e a magnitude de associação entre um fator e a condição foi estimada através do cálculo do odds ratios, com os respetivos intervalos de confiança a 95%. Resultados: Verificámos que a prevalência de automedicação ao longo da vida foi de 85,7%, e, nos últimos 6 meses, de 85,9%. A maioria da amostra (50,3%) referiu que pratica automedicação por iniciativa própria, sendo os medicamentos mais utilizados os analgésicos (78,8%) e os anti-inflamatórios (54,5%), salientando que 7,1% dos indivíduos referiu que se automedica com antibióticos. O local de aquisição mais frequente dos medicamentos foi a farmácia (82,5%) e, grande parte dos indivíduos (92,3%), afirma ter conhecimento dos riscos dos medicamentos. A prática da automedicação associou-se com a idade (≤ 25 anos OR=1,28; IC95% 1,16-1,41) e com o agregado familiar com filhos (OR=4,77; IC95% 1,94-11,71). Conclusão: Concluímos que a automedicação é uma prática muito frequente entre os jovens e adultos da região centro de Portugal, associando-se a idades mais jovens e aos agregados familiares com filhos.Abstract Background: Self-medication is a common practice and currently is a phenomenon in increasing development. The aims of this study consisted in estimating the prevalence and characterize self-medication among adolescents and adults of the Central region of Portugal and identify the socio-demographic variables that are associated with self-medication. Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed. For data collection we used an online self-administered questionnaire, which was applied to individuals resident in the central region of Portugal, obtaining a final sample of 182 individuals with the average age of 33.88±12.62 years, higher among female gender (66.5%). Prevalences were expressed in percentages. Proportions were compared using the Chi-square test and the magnitude of association between risk factor and condition was estimated by odds ratio, with the respective 95% confidence interval. Results: The prevalence of self-medication during life was 86.7% and in the last six months 85.9%. The majority of the sample (50.3%) referred the practice of self-medication on their own initiative, and the most used drugs were painkillers (78.8%), anti-inflammatories (54.5%) and antibiotics (7.1%). Most of the drugs were acquired in the pharmacy (82.5%) and 92.3% affirm having knowledge about the risks that the medicine they have self-medicated with may cause. The practice of self-medication is associated with age (≤ 25 years OR=1.28; 95%CI 1.16-1.41) and families with children households (OR=4.77; 95%CI 1.94-11.71). Conclusion: Self-medication is a very common practice among young people and adults in the central region of Portugal, which is associated with younger ages and families with children households

Two glycerol uptake systems contribute to the high osmotolerance of Zygosaccharomyces rouxii

The accumulation of glycerol is essential for yeast viability upon hyperosmotic stress. Here we show that the osmotolerant yeast Zygosaccharomyces rouxii has two genes, ZrSTL1 and ZrSTL2, encoding transporters mediating the active uptake of glycerol in symport with protons, contributing to cell osmotolerance and intracellular pH homeostasis. The growth of mutants lacking one or both transporters is affected depending on the growth medium, carbon source, strain auxotrophies, osmotic conditions and the presence of external glycerol. These transporters are localised in the plasma membrane, they transport glycerol with similar kinetic parameters and besides their expected involvement in the cell survival of hyperosmotic stress, they surprisingly both contribute to an efficient survival of hypoosmotic shock and to the maintenance of intracellular pH homeostasis under non-stressed conditions. Unlike STL1 in Sa. cerevisiae, the two Z. rouxii STL genes are not repressed by glucose, but their expression and activity are downregulated by fructose and upregulated by non-fermentable carbon sources, with ZrSTL1 being more influenced than ZrSTL2. In summary, both transporters are highly important, though Z. rouxii CBS 732(T) cells do not use external glycerol as a source of carbon.The help of Dr. P. Ergang with the real-time PCR experiments is gratefully acknowledged. We thank O. Zimmermannova for critical reading of the paper. This work was supported by the following grants: Grant Agency of the Czech Republic P503/ 10/0307, institutional concept RVO:6798582, Grant Agency of the Charles University 299611/2011/B-Bio/PrF, an Lifelong Learning Programme ERASMUS practical placement grant and by Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional – Programa Operacional de Fatores de Competitividade – COMPETE and by national funds from Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia through the project PEstC/BIA/UI4050/ 2011.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Defesa apresentada por Pedro da Silva Pedroso, indiciado na devassa da rebelião de Pernambuco, 1817

semi-diplomatic transcription of defense of Colonel Pedro da Silva Pedroso, indicted during the Pernambuco revolution of 1817.transcripción semidiplomática de Defensa del coronel Pedro da Silva Pedroso, acusado durante la revolución de Pernambuco de 1817.transcription semi-diplomatique de défense du colonel Pedro da Silva Pedroso, inculpé lors de la révolution de Pernambuco de 1817.Transcrição semi-diplomática da defesa do coronel Pedro da Silva Pedroso, indiciado durante a revolução pernambucana de 1817

Perì Herakléous Thymoléontos, acerca de Héracles ânimo de leão

Esta tese aborda o mito de Héracles, tendo como ponto de partida um epíteto homérico que nos pareceu oportuno para um herói que apresenta uma estreita relação com o mundo selvagem. Tivemos como objetivo uma formulação da representação imagética de Héracles a partir da análise dos textos em que o herói é predicado como aquele que tem um thymós de leão. Investigamos os termos dos quais se compõe o epíteto, localizamos os textos gregos em que ele aparece, os contextos nos quais se insere e a que heróis ele está relacionado. Temos com a épica o ponto de partida, mas é com o gênero dramático que finalizamos nossa investigação. Em Homero, o thymoleón aparece para Aquiles, Odisseu e Héracles, o que é sugestivo devido aos modelos de heroísmo incorporado por esses três heróis de excelência. No contexto trágico, evidencia-se a dupla face do ânimo selvagem de Héracles em que tanto a hýbris, a transgressão, quanto a força bruta, bía, marcam o filho de Alcmena, aproximando-o perigosamente da animalidade. A comédia de Aristófanes explora o grotesco, o inadequado, através de um caricato Dioniso que é um duplo de Héracles

O brincar, o espaço e a criança

O estudo do presente trabalho é o brincar, a criança e espaços como parte das experiências do cotidiano de uma turma da educação infantil, com crianças de 04 (quatro) anos de idade, numa escola de Belo Horizonte. A pesquisa teve como objetivos compreender o brincar, através da literatura;analisar empiricamente como as crianças se apropriam dos espaços escolares; perceber a importância que os envolvidos neste processo têm desse brincar; planejar e concretizar um plano de ação envolvendo as crianças para efetivar o brincar na educação infantil nesta turma. Observaram-se os espaços que as crianças utilizavam para realizar o seu brincar, promovendo-se assim, uma intervenção através de excursões e oficinas de brinquedo. O estudo é um componente a mais para engrandecer as pesquisas realizadas e dar um suporte a novos estudos sobre o tema em questão, colaborando com novos profissionais da educação infantil em sua formação

Linking dietary intake, circadian biomarkers, and clock genes on obesity: A study protocol

BackgroundThe prevalence of obesity continues to rise, and although this is a complex disease, the screening is made simply with the value of the Body Mass Index. This index only considers weight and height, being limited in portraying the multiple existing obesity phenotypes. The characterization of the chronotype and circadian system as an innovative phenotype of a patient's form of obesity is gaining increasing importance for the development of novel and pinpointed nutritional interventions. ObjectiveThe present study is a prospective observational controlled study conducted in Portugal, aiming to characterize the chronotype and determine its relation to the phenotype and dietary patterns of patients with obesity and healthy participants. MethodsAdults with obesity (study group) and healthy adults (control group), aged between 18 and 75, will be enrolled in this study. Data will be collected to characterize the chronotype, dietary intake, and sleep quality through validated questionnaires. Body composition will also be assessed, and blood samples will be collected to quantify circadian and metabolic biomarkers. DiscussionThis study is expected to contribute to a better understanding of the impact of obesity and dietary intake on circadian biomarkers and, therefore, increase scientific evidence to help future therapeutic interventions based on chronobiology, with a particular focus on nutritional interventions

Effects of Time-Restricted Eating on Body Composition, Biomarkers of Metabolism, Inflammation, Circadian System and Oxidative Stress in Overweight and Obesity: An Exploratory Review

Obesity is a chronic, complex and multi-factorial condition with an increasing prevalence worldwide. Irregular eating schedules might be a contributing factor to these numbers through the dysregulation of the circadian system. Time-restricted eating (TRE), an approach that limits eating windows, has been studied as a strategy to treat obesity, aligning eating occasions with metabolic circadian rhythms. This review aims to provide an overview of the impact of TRE protocols on metabolic, inflammatory, oxidative stress, and circadian rhythm biomarkers in people with overweight or obesity. Most studies report significant weight loss following TRE protocols. While glucose levels decreased in nearly all TRE interventions, only a few studies demonstrated statistically significant differences when compared to the control groups. The findings for CRP and TNF-α were inconsistent, with limited significant differences. Changes in lipid profile changes were variable and generally did not reach statistical significance. Both 4-hour and 6-hour TRE interventions significantly reduced 8-isoprostane levels. Additionally, TRE significantly altered clock gene expression, as well as that of genes associated with metabolic regulation in subcutaneous adipose tissue. While the evidence is still inconsistent, limiting eating to a consistent daily window of 8 to 12 hours can improve insulin sensitivity, reduce blood glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels and promote weight loss. These effects are likely attributable to both direct metabolic impacts and indirect benefits from weight loss and improved dietary habits. However, data on circadian, inflammatory, and specific metabolic biomarkers remain scarce and occasionally contradictory, highlighting the need for further research on these interventions