COMRADES determines in vivo RNA structures and interactions.

The structural flexibility of RNA underlies fundamental biological processes, but there are no methods for exploring the multiple conformations adopted by RNAs in vivo. We developed cross-linking of matched RNAs and deep sequencing (COMRADES) for in-depth RNA conformation capture, and a pipeline for the retrieval of RNA structural ensembles. Using COMRADES, we determined the architecture of the Zika virus RNA genome inside cells, and identified multiple site-specific interactions with human noncoding RNAs.This work was supported by Cancer Research UK (C13474/A18583, C6946/A14492) and the Wellcome Trust (104640/Z/14/Z, 092096/Z/10/Z) to E.A.M. O.Z. was supported by the Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP, LT000558/2015), the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO, ALTF1622-2014), and the Blavatnik Family Foundation postdoctoral fellowship. G.K. and M.G. were supported by Wellcome Trust grant 207507 and UK Medical Research Council. A.T.L.L. and J.C.M. were supported by core funding from Cancer Research UK (award no. 17197 to JCM). J.C.M was also supported by core funding from EMBL. I.G. and L.W.M. were supported by the Wellcome Trust Senior Fellowship in Basic Biomedical Science to I.G. (207498/Z/17/Z). I.J.M., L.F.G. and J.S.-G. were supported by grants R01GM104475 and R01GM115649 from NIGMS. C.K.K was supported by City University of Hong Kong Projects 9610363 and 7200520, Croucher Foundation Project 9500030 and Hong Kong RGC Projects 9048103 and 9054020. C.-F.Q. was supported by the NSFC Excellent Young Scientist Fund 81522025 and the Newton Advanced Fellowship from the Academy of Medical Sciences, UK

How have we treated pathological T1 (pT1) prostate cancer (CaP) in recent 10 years?

Oral PresentationObjective: To review the treatment modality and outcome of patients with pT1 CaP. Patients & Methods: Data of transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) performed from April 2000 to December 2009 were reviewed. Pathological results of resected specimen were reviewed on electronic patient record (ePR) system and data of patients with pT1 CaP were retrieved. Kaplan-Meier model was used to compare survival. Results: During the period, 178 patients were diagnosed pT1 prostate cancer with median follow-up time of 57.5 months. Median age at TURP was 77 years old. 97 (54.5%) patients had pT1a CaP and 65 (36.5%) had pT1b CaP; extent of tumour involvement was not reported in 16 (9%) specimens. 9 (5.1%) patients underwent curative treatment – radical prostatectomy (RP) (2.2%) or radical radiotherapy (RT) (3.4%); 48 (27.5%) received palliative treatment – bilateral simple orchidectomy (BSO) (13.2%), anti-androgen monotherapy (10.7%) and luteinizing hormone receptor hormone antagonist (LHRHa) injection (3.4%); 5 (2.8%) patients had active surveillance (AS) and 111 (62.4%) decided for watchful waiting (WW). Most patients died of CaP-unrelated causes. The overall and disease-specific 5-year survival were 33% and 100% for RP, 42% and 83% for RT, 10% and 48% for BSO, 12% and 100% for anti-androgen monotherapy, 67% and 100% for LHRHa, 100% and 100% for AS, and 45% and 92% for WW, respectively. Conclusions: Most patients with pT1 CaP died of CaP-unrelated causes. Treatment plan should be discussed with patients with balance of survival benefit, benefit in improving quality of life and complications of treatment

Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging/transrectal ultrasound fusion prostate biopsy with semi-robotic navigation in the Chinese population: initial results

published_or_final_versio

Pattern of use of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) among different clinical specialties: retrospective study in a tertiary hospital

Abstract and Poster PresentationThis free Journal suppl. entitled: Special Issue: Abstracts of the Hong Kong Urological Association, 22nd Annual Scientific Meeting, 20 November 2016, Hong KongOBJECTIVE: The Urology Clinic at our unit receives many referrals for raised PSA. The study focused on why PSA was checked initially, whether it was clinically indicated or affected patient management. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a single center cross-sectional study on all whose PSA were checked from January 2014 to March 2014. Patient demographics, requesting specialty, indications of checking PSA were extracted from clinical records. PSA results and patients’ clinical outcomes were followed up. RESULTS: 2104 PSA requests of whose mean age 69.6 years old were reviewed. Mean PSA was 36.37 ng/mL (median 2.7 ng/mL). 429(20.4%, 2014) had elevated PSA (>4 ng/mL). 386(90%, 429) were subsequently managed at the Urology Clinic. 128 patients (29.8%, 429) underwent trans-rectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. 49 patients (38%, 128) were diagnosed with prostate cancer, of which 23 (46.9%, 49) opted for radical treatment – 10(43.5%, 23) underwent radical prostatectomy, 13(56.5%, 23) had radiotherapy. Logistic analysis showed that age and stage of disease were significantly higher in whom underwent radiotherapy. Age was the only statistically significant predictor for prostate cancer (p = 0.001). Others factors, like PSA level, requesting specialty and clinical indications were not predictors for prostate cancer detection. CONCLUSION: Inappropriate PSA testing is widespread at our institute. Patient counselling is important prior to its checking as to understand the implications of raised PSA levels.link_to_OA_fulltex

Endoscopic intervention of ureteric stricture: how have we been doing in the past 10 years?

AbstractObjective: To examine the outcome ofendoscopic intervention of ureteric stric-ture and identify the factors affectingoperative outcomes.Patients and Methods: We retrospectivelyreviewed data of patients underwent endo-scopic intervention of ureteric stricture inthe period between January 2006 and June2016 in Queen Mary and Tung WahHospitals. Primary endpoint was stricturerecurrence, defined as radiological evi-dence of persistent obstruction, and/or theneed of drainage of the obstructed system.Results: During the studied period, endo-scopic intervention was performed on 83renal units in 64 patients. Majority (60%)of strictures were urolithiasis-related. Bal-loon dilatation was most commonly used(61%). Outcome was not significantly different among serial dilatation, balloondilatation, laser stricturotomy and combi-nation of techniques. The overall 1-yearand 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS)was 50% and 44% respectively. Second ormore attempts had poorer outcome thanfirst attempt (5-year RFS 24% vs. 59%,p = 0.03). Urolithiasis-related stricture hadlower recurrence rate than stricture ofother aetiology (5-year RFS 66% vs. 28%,p = 0.00); while stricture length, stricturelevel, endoscopic intervention technique, orpre-operative renal unit differential func-tion had no association with recurrence.Conclusion: It is reasonable to firstattempt endoscopic intervention forurolithiasis-related ureteric strictures. Stric-tures of other aetiology, however, had pooroutcome if managed endoscopically

Recovery of continence after robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RaLRP) on Chinese prostate cancer patients: a seven-year experience from a single tertiary center in Hong Kong

Conference Theme: New Frontier in Urologic SurgeryAbstract and Poster Presentatio

Magnetic resonance imaging/ultrasound fusion guided prostate biopsy detects more clinically significant prostate cancer than conventional systematic biopsy method

Session - Extra Free Paper: no. FP6This free journal suppl. entitled: Special Issue: RCSEd/CSHK Conjoint Scientific Congress 2016, Making Wise Choices in Surgery, 17–18 September 2016, Aberdeen, Hong KongAIM: To investigate the outcome of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI)/ transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) fusion-guided prostate biopsy using an elastic fusion system compared with conventional TRUS biopsy in the Chinese population. METHODS: From January 2015 to April 2016, 318 Chinese men with elevated serum prostate-specific antigen of ≤ 20 ng/mL undergoing prostate biopsy were reviewed. 68 had pre-biopsy multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, of whom 57 men with 98 Prostate Imaging – Reporting and Data System (PIRADS) 2–5 lesions underwent fusion biopsy (targeted + 12-core template biopsy) using the ArtemisTM fusion platform system. The biopsy outcomes where compared with 11 imaging-negative and 250 patients without pre-biopsy imaging who had 12-core systematic biopsy …link_to_OA_fulltex