IDENTIFICATION OF QUINOLONE-TRAIZOLE HYBRIDS AS POTENTIAL INHIBITORS USING IN SILICO APPROACH

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a most common form of dementia and results in memory loss, disorientation, impaired thinking and changes in personality as well as mood. The dementia cases mostly turn into the Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Another disease, the Parkinson’s disease (PD), mainly affects dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. A series of previously synthesized quinolone-triazole hybrids were investigated and evaluated for their anti-acetyl cholinesterase and against monoamine oxidase reactive properties through in silico characterization. The ground state electronic properties were determined by electron density of the compounds through DFTs (density functional theory) calculation. The geometries of all compounds were optimized using Becke-3-parameter-Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP) method and 6-311g basis set. Docking studies were conducted using the AutoDock and Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) software and the results of the potent derivatives found to be encouraging. The data confirmed that all the compounds have drug-like properties and was further confirmed by ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) properties

Prevalence of Hepatitis B & Hepatitis C Virus Infections in Potential Blood Donors in Bahawalpur

Abstract Hepatitis is commonly transmitted during blood transfusion. The study aimed to find the prevalence of hepatitis B &amp; C among blood donors in Bahawalpur and try to find relation of prevalence with socio-demographic variables. The study was conducted in Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur (BVH). The data was collected by trained nurses working in blood bank in supervision of investigator through a structured record review check list developed by investigator in English. The investigator checked data for completeness and cross check from registers. The collected data had been coded before analysis. Descriptive analysis was done to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B &amp; C virus in the study population and its distribution categorized by independent variables i.e. age, gender, marital status, residence and education status of blood donor. The results of study indicated that both Hepatitis B &amp; C are prevalent among 20 – 23 years old persons, males, uneducated people, married and people residing in rural areas of Bahawalpur visiting blood bank of Bahwal Victoria Hospital (BVH) Bahawalpur. So, by providing education to uneducated population and teaching sanitation and careful measures for avoiding hepatitis to married and people residing in rural areas could be a helpful tool in decreasing and controlling hepatitis in this area.</jats:p

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (Kap) on Diabetic Foot Care Among Patients With Diabetes in District Bahawalpur, Pakistan

Abstract Diabetes mellitus is a chronic multifactorial metabolic illness that is characterized by numerous chronic complications. Diabetes affects almost every system of the body. Among these diabetic foot is one of the major complications of diabetes mellitus. Its main objective was to investigate the knowledge, attitude and foot care practices in diabetic patients suffering from diabetic foot lesions. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was designed to be conducted at Civil Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Total 150 diabetic patients were selected by systematic random sampling method. Ratio of Type II diabetes was 91.3% whereas 23.3% patients were having family history of diabetes. 44.35% patients were having some knowledge about diabetes related complications whereas 45.44% patients were having a positive attitude towards control and prevention of diabetes related complications. Good foot care and footwear practices were being carried out by just 33.62% of the patients. Education regarding reducing increased body weight, knowledge about foot care practices, early detection and management of peripheral neuropathy and strict glycemic control could be very helpful in decreasing the diabetic foot complication.</jats:p

Prevalence of Hepatitis C in Pregnant Women at Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: Hepatitis caused by viruses is a serious worldwide health issue that affects 2 to 15 million individuals annually. HCV-infected mothers give birth to an approximately 40,000 children annually, resulting in up to 4000 additional perinatal infected offspring Methodology: This was cross sectional study carried out at Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department, Women and Children Hospital, Charsadda for aperiod of six months from August 2021 to January 2022. Totally 300 pregnant women were included in our study. Blood samples were taken from all the participants and sent to hospital diagnostic laboratory for the diagnosis of hepatitis C virus through immune-chromatographic technique. All the data analysis was carried out by using IBM SPSS version 20. Results: The mean age in our study was 33.12 years with standard deviation of ± 4.11. In our study, hepatitis C virus prevalence was 8.66% (n=26) in pregnant women. In our study, 17 (18.18%) of the HCV positive subjects were observed in age group 18-25 years. While the HCV positive subjects observed in age group 26-35 years, 36-45 years were 6 (4%) and 2 (3.33%) respectively. Conclusion: Our study concludes that the prevalence of hepatitis C amongst pregnant women was 8.66%. Despite the fact that the incidence of hepatitis C was shown to be lower among pregnant females visiting tertiary care hospitals, regular anti-HCV antibody testing of all pregnant females is strongly recommended for prompt identification of illness in mothers and to prevent their transmission to newborns. Keywords: Prevalence; Hepatitis C; Pregnant Women</jats:p

Monograph of Holarrhena antidysenterica (linn.) Wall

Holarrhena Antidysenterica is a very significant herbal drug in Unani system of medicine and Ayurvedic system of medicine. This meticulous herb was used to treat a variety of infectious diseases especially in Staphylococcus aureus, Entamoeba histolytica and Escherichia coli. It is a large tree of 30 to 40 feet in height grows widely on the mountains. A large number of pharmacological studies have been done on the bark and seed of the tree

EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS OF 1-(BROMOMETHYL)-3,5-DIMETHOXYBENZENE: X-RAY STRUCTURE, HIRSHFELD SURFACE ANALYSIS, DFTs, AND MOLECULAR MODELLING INVESTIGATIONS AS TYROSINASE INHIBITOR

The synthesis of 1-(bromomethyl)-3,5-dimethoxybenzene, a crucial intermediate in the formation of various natural products, was carried out through a straightforward three-step procedure starting from 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid. The structure of the synthesized derivative was fully characterized using a combination of spectroscopic techniques and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystalline sample was found to possess monoclinic symmetry with dimensions a = 8.4054(10) angstrom, b = 4.4245(6) angstrom, c = 25.016(3) angstrom, volume V = 928.9(2) angstrom 3 and Z = 4.0. In order to assess the inhibitory potential of the synthesized crystal, a comprehensive in-silico investigation was conducted which involved molecular docking, density function theory (DFT) analysis, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies. The docking analysis was utilized to determine the binding orientation of the compound with respect to the target proteins, while DFT analysis was utilized to evaluate the molecule's reactivity profile. The MD simulation approach was used to evaluate the structural rearrangements and chemical interactions that occurred during the simulation period. The results of these studies suggest that the synthesized crystal could potentially serve as a dual inhibitor of RNR and tyrosinase and could be a suitable candidate for the synthesis of noval anti-cancer agent for the treatment of associated malignancies

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) Study on Diabetic Foot Care among Diabetic Patients with Diabetic Foot Lesions in District Bahawalpur, Pakistan

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic multifactorial metabolic illness that is characterized by numerous chronic complications. Diabetes affects almost every system of the body. Among these diabetic foot is one of the major complications of diabetes mellitus. Its main objective was to investigate the knowledge, attitude and foot care practices in diabetic patients suffering from diabetic foot lesions. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was designed to be conducted at Civil Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Total 150 diabetic patients with diabetic foot lesions were selected by systematic random sampling method. An informed written consent was obtained from each of the study participant according to the declaration of Helsinki.  Data was collected by a structured and pretested questionnaire via face-to-face interview and by direct observation of the patient. Ratio of Type II diabetes among study population was 91.3% whereas 23.3% patients were having family history of diabetes. Result of the study showed that 44.35% patients of study sample were having some knowledge about diabetes related complications whereas 45.44% patients were having a positive attitude towards control and prevention of diabetes related complications. Good foot care and footwear practices were being carried out by just 33.62% of patients included in the study. It was concluded from the present study that by providing education regarding control and management of diabetes and its complications, patients training about foot care practices, early detection and management of peripheral neuropathy and strict control of blood glucose could be very helpful in decreasing the diabetic complication including diabetic foot lesions.</jats:p