ANALISIS RISIKO KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN PAJANAN MERKURI PADA MASYARAKAT DI AREA PENAMBANGAN EMAS TANPA IJIN (PETI) DESA KAYELI KABUPATEN BURU PROVINSI MALUKU

Kegiatan Penambangan Emas Tanpa Ijin (PETI) Desa Kayeli dilakukan dengan metode amalgamasi. Amalgamasi merupakan proses pengikatan logam emas dari bijih emas dengan menggunakan merkuri yang bersifat toksik dalam tabung yang disebut tromol (amalgamator). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memperkirakan risiko kesehatan akibat pajanan merkuri. Pengukuran konsentrasi merkuri pada sumur gali 3 titik sampel dan kerang Polymesoda erosa sebanyak 9 titik sampel, pengukuran antropometri terhadap 67 pekerja, yang meliputi berat badan, lama pajanan, frekuensi pajanan dan durasi pajanan. Risiko kesehatan non karsinogenik dinyatakan dengan Risk Quotients (RQ) yang didapatkan dengan membagi rata-rata asupan harian non kanker sepanjang hayat dengan konsentrasi referen (RfD) .Didapatkan bahwa konsentrasi rata-rata merkuri pada sumur gali adalah ≤ 0,0005 mg/l dan konsentrasi rata-rata kerang Polymesoda erosa sebesar 0.756433 mg/kg. Dengan konsentrasi merkuri demikian dan karakteristik antropometri serta laju asupan sepanjang hayat bagi masyarakat di area Penambangan Emas Tanpa Ijin didapatkan bahwa konsentrasi merkuri pada sumur gali tidak terindikasi adanya resiko kesehatan non karsinogenik terhadap para responden (RQ≤1), jika perhitungan pajanan dilakukan hingga 15 tahun, diestimasikan bahwa pajanan merkuri untuk masyarakatakan berisiko (RQ>1) yaitu 1,173. Sedangkan pada kerang Polymesoda erosa risiko kesehatan non karsinogenik telah terindikasi (RQ>1) yaitu 14,404. Disimpulkan bahwa risiko kesehatan non karsinogenik pada konsentrasi sumur gali akan beresiko jika pajanan hingga 30 tahun, sementara pada kerang Polymesoda erosa risiko kesehatan non karsinogenik sudah melebihi batas yang di bolehkan. Kata Kunci: Merkuri, Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan, PET

Efeitos da lipoaspiração abdominal e abdominoplastia sobre níveis circulantes de omentina

Objective: Omentin is an adipokine expressed in visceral adipose tissue that has been associated with positive effects on metabolism. The objective of this study was to assess whether changes occur in circulating omentin levels and cardiovascular risk factors after abdominal subcutaneous liposuction with or without abdominoplasty. Materials and methods: Serum omentin levels and cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure, lipid profile, and waist circumference) were assessed in 21 women at baseline and 8 to 12 weeks after abdominal liposuction with or without abdominoplasty. Weight, blood glucose levels, insulin levels, and the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index were also evaluated. Results: At 12-week follow-up, circulating omentin levels had not changed significantly from baseline (P = 0. 11; effect size - ES = 0. 37). Waist circumference was significantly decreased (P < 0. 001; ES = -1. 38). Blood pressure, lipid profile, blood glucose levels, insulin levels, and HOMA index were statistically unchanged. Conclusion: Abdominal subcutaneous liposuction, whether alone or with abdominoplasty, was not associated with significant changes in circulating omentin levels or cardiovascular risk factors.Objetivo: Omentina é uma adipocina expressada no tecido adiposo visceral e associada a efeitos positivos sobre o metabolismo. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar se ocorre alteração nos níveis circulantes de omentina e em fatores de risco cardiovascular após lipoaspiração subcutânea abdominal associada ou não à abdominoplastia. Materiais e métodos: Níveis séricos de omentina e fatores de risco cardiovascular, tais como: pressão arterial, perfil lipídico e circunferência abdominal, foram avaliados em 21 mulheres antes e 8 a 12 semanas após lipoaspiração abdominal associada ou não à abdominoplastia; peso, glicemia, insulina e índice HOMA também foram estudados. Resultados: Níveis circulantes de omentina não se alteraram significativamente 12 semanas após (P = 0,11; tamanho de efeito - E/S = 0,37); circunferência abdominal alterou significativamente (P<0,001; E/S = -1,38), enquanto outros fatores de risco cardiovascular, como pressão arterial e perfil lipídico, não alteraram significativamente; glicemia, insulina e índice HOMA também não alteraram significativamente. Conclusão: Lipoaspiração subcutânea abdominal isolada, ou associada à abdominoplastia, não levou a alterações significativas nos níveis de omentina nem em fatores associados ao aumento de risco cardiovascular

Passive-Aggressive Executive Power

My contribution to the 2013 Constitutional Law Schmooze poses a question about the downside of executive power, at least in the enforcement context. If executive power to enforce the law presupposes the duty to use it, what happens when the executive branch would rather not? Perhaps reframing the question will help. What do the death penalty, driving violations, drugs, deportation, and the Defense of Marriage Act (“DOMA”) have in common, besides the letter “d”? The answer is passive-aggressive executive power, and in the brief discussion that follows, I use these five factual contexts to illustrate five variations of what I mean. When those charged with enforcing the law would prefer not to, what they do is not so different from what the rest of us do when pushed. At least five passive-aggressive responses easily come to mind—and at the outset, I set aside the “Just say no” response, which is an exercise of executive power but is not in the passive-aggressive category (because it is just plain aggressive). Here are the five responses: (1) do nothing, and hope nobody notices; (2) do something silly, and make a mockery of the whole enterprise; (3) say that you would do something, but you are too busy; (4) say that you would do something, but you are not competent; and say, in a moment of rare clarity and self-awareness, “Fine, I’ll do it, but let’s just be clear—I don’t want to.” In the discussion that follows, I first flush out these responses with my five examples—the death penalty, driving violations, drugs, deportation, and DOMA. I then offer some normative thoughts about each of these responses using the standard of a reasonably prudent thirteen-year-old and parallel institutional considerations in the realm of executive power

Evaluation of ignition mechanisms in selected nonmetallic materials

Test program evaluates thermal and electric ignition mechanisms in selected nonmetallic materials found in spacecraft with concentrated oxygen atmospheres. The phenomena evaluated were spontaneous ignition, ignition of flammable vapor by a spark, and ignition by an arc where the arc produces the combustible vapor and the ignition source

A novel technique for real-time internet radio recorder on non-DSP embedded system

[[abstract]]The capability of providing real-time multimedia player over the Internet is an important future application for embedded system. However, the main challenge of such an application is the limitation on computation performance and memory size in architecture of embedded system, especially while encoding and decoding. In this paper, a streaming packet tracer (SPT) algorithm is proposed for realtime tracing the streaming packet header. Based on the SPT algorithm, we present a novel software-based technique which enables a non-DSP embedded system to play and record real-time streaming audio simultaneously. To verify the feasibility of the proposed technique, a real-time Internet radio recorder has been implemented on SBC-2410x embedded system successfully. The experimental results show that our achievement has reduced the CPU usage rate from over 100% to about 30%-40% in comparison with other recording method.[[conferencetype]]國際[[conferencedate]]20080424~20080426[[iscallforpapers]]Y[[conferencelocation]]Busan, Kore

Who pollutes in Scotland? A prelude to an analysis of sustainability policies in a devolved context

The notion of sustainable development has begun to figure prominently in the regional, as well as the national, policy concerns of many industrialized countries. Indicators have typically been used to monitor changes in economic, environmental and social variables to show whether economic development is on a sustainable path. This paper focuses on pollution in Scotland and analyses the sustainability policies in a devolved political context